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ágæt*, ör*, dróttning fyrða
‘May the splendid, generous queen of men’ = Mary
May the splendid, generous queen of men, → Mary
Mary
3.5. queen of people
dygg drótt seggja
‘faithful drótt of men’ = Mary
faithful Drótt of men. → Mary
Mary
3.5. queen of people
unnandi Krists
‘the devotee of Christ’ = Eiríkr
the devotee of Christ → Eiríkr
Eiríkr I inn góði Sveinsson (r. 1095-1103)
3. friend of Christ
vinr Míms
‘of the friend of Mímr’ = Óðinn
the friend of Mímr → Óðinn
Óðinn
3.1. friend of a male mythical being (C3a)
mær Heðins
‘of the maiden of Heðinn’ = Hildr
the maiden of Heðinn, → Hildr
Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)
úrsvǫl vǫlva Gymis
‘the spray-cold vǫlva of Gymir’ = Rán
The spray-cold vǫlva of Gymir → Rán
Rán
1. woman of Ægir (C3a)
einn stillir aldar
‘the one controller of people’ = God
the one controller of people, → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
gramr fyrða
‘the ruler of men’ = God
the ruler of men → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
dǫglingr ǫðlinga
‘of the prince of princes’ = God
the prince of princes → God
God
1.3.1. lord of princes
fagran vinr tyggja rǫðuls
‘the beautiful friend of the king of the sun’ = Óláfr
the king of the sun; → God
the beautiful friend of GOD → Óláfr
Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
3.2. friend of God
þreklynds þegn Krists
‘of the strong-minded thane of Christ’ = Óláfr
the strong-minded thane of Christ; → Óláfr
Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
3.1. man of Christ
dýrr dróttinn harra
‘the dear lord of princes’ = God
the dear lord of princes → God
God
1.3.1. lord of princes
snjallr spjalli lausnara
‘the brave confidant of the saviour’ = Óláfr
the brave confidant of the Saviour → Óláfr
Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
3.1. man of Christ
mildingr angrfyldrar aldar
‘of the king of sinful humankind’ = God
the king of sinful humankind → God
God
1.3. lord of people
yfirskjǫldungr aldar
‘supreme king of men’ = God
supreme king of men, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara
‘the well-known old friend of the saviour’ = Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
3.1. man of Christ
andskoti Gauta
‘the adversary of the Gautar’ = Haraldr
the adversary of the Gautar → Haraldr
Haraldr I hárfagri Hálfdanarson (r. c. 860-c. 932)
2. enemy of the Gautar
beiðir hapta
‘of the ruler of the gods’ = Óðinn
the ruler of the gods → Óðinn
Óðinn
4.1. ruler of the gods (C3a)
fjándi Sigars
‘of Sigarr’s enemy’ = Hagbarðr
Sigarr’s enemy; → Hagbarðr
Hagbarðr/Hagbarði
1. enemy of Sigarr
inum eineygja faðmbyggvir Friggjar
‘to the one-eyed embrace-occupier of Frigg’ = Óðinn
to the one-eyed embrace-occupier of Frigg; → Óðinn
Óðinn
6. husband of Frigg (C3a)
yngvi þjóðar
‘prince of the people’ = God
Prince of the people, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
gramr aldar
‘the prince of men’ = God
the prince of men, → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
dróttinn fira
‘lord of men’ = God
lord of men; → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
gramr aldarkyns
‘the prince of the race of men’ = God
the race of men; → MANKIND
the prince of the MANKIND → God
God
1.3. lord of people
valdr dróttar dýrðar
‘the ruler of the company of glory’ = God
the company of glory → ANGELS
The ruler of ANGELS → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
dróttins ýta
‘of the lord of men’ = God
the lord of men; → God
God
1.3. lord of people
ríkr ræsir sveitar seggja
‘the powerful king of the company of men’ = God
the company of men → MANKIND
the powerful king of the MANKIND → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
snjallr vǫrðr gumna
‘the wise guardian of men’ = God
The wise guardian of men → God
Jesus Christ
3.2. guardian of people
ástnenninn jǫfurr drengja
‘the love-disposed prince of men’ = God
the love-disposed prince of men → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
vinr Hœnis
‘the friend of Hœnir’ = Loki
the friend of Hœnir → Loki
Loki
2.1. friend of a god
bragðvíss ósvifrandi ása
‘the cunning unyielding opponent of the gods’ = Þjazi
the cunning unyielding opponent of the gods → Þjazi
Þjazi
3. opponent of the gods
farmr arma Sigvinjar
‘the cargo of the arms of Sigyn’ = Loki
the cargo of the arms of Sigyn, → Loki
Loki
2.3. lover of Sigyn and Angrboða
fóstri ǫndurgoðs
‘the fosterer of the ski-deity’ = Þjazi
the ski-deity. → Skaði
the fosterer of SKAÐI → Þjazi
Þjazi
2. foster-father of Skaði
dís goða
‘the lady of the gods’ = Iðunn
the lady of the gods → Iðunn
Iðunn
1. woman of the gods (C3a)
leika ása
‘the playmate of the gods’ = Iðunn
the playmate of the gods → Iðunn
Iðunn
1. woman of the gods (C3a)
man Högna
‘of Hǫgni’s girl’ = Hildr
Hǫgni’s girl → Hildr
Hildr
2. woman of Hǫgni (C4a)
vinr skatna
‘the friend of warriors’ = Óðinn
the friend of warriors → Óðinn
Óðinn
3.2. friend of men (C3a)
dolgr Belja
‘of the enemy of Beli’ = Freyr
the enemy of Beli. → Freyr
Freyr
. enemy of Beli
vinr Lóðurs
‘the friend of Lóðurr’ = Óðinn
the friend of Lóðurr. → Óðinn
Óðinn
3.1. friend of a male mythical being (C3a)
ins hæsta konungr jöfra
‘of the highest king of kings’ = God
the highest king of kings. → God
God
1.3.1. lord of princes
gramr Jóta
‘prince of the Jótar’ = DANISH KING = Magnús
prince of the Jótar, → DANISH KING = Magnús
Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
4.1. lord of Danish people
bági úlfs
‘of the wolf’s enemy’ = Óðinn
the wolf’s enemy; → Óðinn
Óðinn
5. enemy of the wolf (Fenrir) (C3a)
vinr Míms
‘of Mímir’s friend’ = Óðinn
Mímir’s friend. → Óðinn
Óðinn
3.1. friend of a male mythical being (C3a)
dolgr mellu
‘of the giantess’s enemy’ = Þórr
the giantess’s enemy → Þórr
Þórr
1.2. enemy of the giants
mála Heðins
‘Heðinn’s beloved’ = Hildr
Heðinn’s beloved → Hildr
Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)
sprund Hjaðninga
‘the woman of the Hjaðningar’ = Hildr
the woman of the Hjaðningar → Hildr
Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)
ǫndótts vinr banda
‘of the hostile friend of the gods’ = Þórr
the hostile friend of the gods → Þórr
Þórr
3. friend of the gods (C3a)
njótr hafra
‘the user of goats’ = Þórr
The user of goats → Þórr
Þórr
6. Determinant: attributes, belongings
hilmir ýta
‘of the protector of men’ = RULER = God
the protector of men → RULER = God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
engla stillir
‘the ruler of the angels’ = God
the ruler of the angels. → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
flotna ferðgeymandi
‘guardian of the troop of mariners’ = God
the troop of mariners, → MANKIND
Guardian of the MANKIND → God
God
2.2. guardian of people
skati Haddingja
‘the champion of the Haddingjar’ = Helgi
the champion of the Haddingjar → Helgi
Helgi Haddingjaskati
. lord of the Haddingjar
dróttinn lýðs
‘lord of people’ = God
Lord of people, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
þengill helgra eingla
‘of the king of holy angels’ = God
the king of holy angels; → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
gætir eingla
‘the guardian of angels’ = God
the guardian of angels → God
God
2.5. guardian of angels
deilir aldar
‘of the ruler of people’ = God
the ruler of people; → God
God
1.3. lord of people
deilir aldar
‘of the ruler of people’ = God
the ruler of people; → God
God
1.3. lord of people
stillir eingla
‘of the ruler of angels’ = God
the ruler of angels, → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
deilir aldar
‘of the ruler of people’ = God
the ruler of people; → God
God
1.3. lord of people
gætir aldar
‘of the guardian of the world’ = God
the guardian of the world that he → God
God
2.2. guardian of people
stillir eingla
‘the ruler of angels’ = God
the ruler of angels → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
deilir aldar
‘of the ruler of people’ = God
the ruler of people; → God
God
1.3. lord of people
tiggi eingla
‘the king of angels’ = God
the king of angels. → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
deilir aldar
‘of the ruler of people’ = God
the ruler of people; → God
God
1.3. lord of people
gætir eingla
‘the guardian of angels’ = God
the guardian of angels; → God
God
2.5. guardian of angels
mætiligs gætir aldar
‘of the great guardian of people’ = God
the great guardian of people; → God
God
2.2. guardian of people
stillir aldar
‘of the ruler of people’ = God
the ruler of people, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
stillir eingla
‘The ruler of angels’ = God
The ruler of angels → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
andskoti aðalráðs
‘the enemy of æthelred’ = Knútr
the enemy of Æthelred → Knútr
Knútr inn ríki Sveinsson (r. 1014-1035)
5. enemy of Æthelred
valdr munka
‘the ruler of monks’ = God
the ruler of monks → God
God
1.3.2. lord of monks
sterkr tryggvinr engla
‘powerful faithful friend of angels’ = God
Powerful faithful friend of angels, → God
God
. friend of angels
mildingr dróttar
‘the prince of the host’ = God
the prince of the host → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
ǫrr gramr engla
‘the generous prince of angels’ = God
the generous prince of angels → God
Jesus Christ
1.03. lord of angels
stillir hǫlða
‘the ruler of men’ = God
the ruler of men; → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
kván Heðins
‘the woman of Heðinn’ = Hildr
The woman of Heðinn → Hildr
Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)
frægjum stýrir aldar
‘to the famous steerer of men’ = God
to the famous steerer of men, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
dróttinn harra
‘the lord of lords’ = God
the lord of lords, → God
God
1.3.1. lord of princes
dróttinn dáðstéttar dags lands
‘of the lord of the deed-host of day’s land’ = God
day’s land. → SKY/HEAVEN
the deed-host of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the Lord of ANGELS → God
Jesus Christ
1.03. lord of angels
alfríðustum dróttinn gotna himins
‘for the altogether fairest lord of the men of heaven’ = God
the men of heaven. → ANGELS
for the altogether fairest lord of ANGELS → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
yfirbjóðandi eingla og þjóða
‘supreme ruler of angels and peoples’ = God
supreme ruler of angels and peoples, → God
God
1.5. lord of angels and people
sannr hǫfðingi eingla og manna
‘the true chieftain of the angels and men’ = God
The true chieftain of the angels and men, holding → God
God
1.5. lord of angels and people
ástvinr Jésú Kristi
‘the belovedfriend of Jesus Christ’ = John
the belovedfriend of Jesus Christ, → John
John the Apostle
1. friend of Jesus Christ
megindróttning manna og eingla
‘great queen of men and angels’ = Mary
great queen of men and angels, → Mary
Mary
3.8. queen of people and angels
yfirbjóðandi eingla og þjóða
‘supreme ruler of angels and peoples’ = God
supreme ruler of angels and peoples, → God
God
1.5. lord of angels and people
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
hildingr hölda
‘the king of men’ = RULER = Christ
The king of men → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
hyggjublíðr konungr jöfra
‘the thought-tender king of princes’ = RULER = Christ
the thought-tender king of princes → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
konungr dróttar
‘the king of the host’ = RULER = Christ
The king of the host → RULER = Christ
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
gumna gætir
‘guardian of men’ = God
guardian of men; → God
God
2.2. guardian of people
dróttinn jöfra
‘lord of princes’ = God
lord of princes, → God
God
1.3.1. lord of princes
kván Heðins
‘of the woman of Heðinn’ = Hildr
the woman of Heðinn; → Hildr
Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)
goðblíð beðja Glens
‘the divinely gentle bedmate of Glenr’ = Sól
the divinely gentle bedmate of Glenr → Sól
Sól
1. consort of Glenr (C3a)
konungr dana, íra ok Engla Eybúa
‘the king of the danes, of the irish and of the English of the Island-dwellers’ = Knútr
the king of the Danes, of the Irish and of the English of the Island-dwellers, → Knútr
Knútr inn ríki Sveinsson (r. 1014-1035)
4. lord of several peoples
dolgr mellu
‘of the enemy of the giantess’ = Þórr
the enemy of the giantess. → Þórr
Þórr
1.2. enemy of the giants
dolgr jǫtna
‘of the enemy of the giants’ = Þórr
the enemy of the giants; → Þórr
Þórr
1.2. enemy of the giants
snarr harri Skônunga
‘the valiant ruler of the Skánungar’ = Magnús
The valiant ruler of the Skánungar → Magnús
Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
4.1. lord of Danish people
gramr Skônunga
‘the lord of the Skánungar’ = Magnús
the lord of the Skánungar, → Magnús
Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
4.1. lord of Danish people
Heðins man
‘of Heðinn’s maiden’ = Hildr
Heðinn’s maiden → Hildr
Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)
dáðvís dróttning seggja
‘deed-wise queen of men’ = Mary
Deed-wise queen of men, → Mary
Mary
3.5. queen of people
þýðr stýrir þjóðar
‘the kind governor of people’ = God
the kind governor of people → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
blíð brúðr konungs aldar
‘gentle bride of the king of men’ = Mary
the king of men, → God
Gentle bride of GOD → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
konungr aldar
‘of the king of men’ = God
the king of men, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
konungr jöfra
‘of the king of princes’ = God
the king of princes. → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
konungr aldar
‘of the king of men’ = God
the king of men. [People] → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
gramr ferðar himna
‘to the lord of the host of the heavens’ = God
the host of the heavens → ANGELS
to the lord of ANGELS → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
stillir bragna
‘to the lord of men’ = God
to the Lord of men, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
víðfrægr stjóri virða
‘the widely-renowned governor of men’ = God
the widely-renowned governor of men → God
God
1.3. lord of people
sæt brúðr dróttins sætis dægra
‘the sweet bride of the lord of the seat of days and nights’ = Mary
the seat of days and nights → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
The sweet bride of GOD → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
gætir eingla
‘of the guardian of angels’ = God
the guardian of angels → God
Jesus Christ
3.3. guardian of angels
stýrir eingla
‘the controller of angels’ = God
the controller of angels → God
Jesus Christ
1.03. lord of angels
gætir eingla
‘of the guardian of angels’ = God
the guardian of angels → God
Jesus Christ
3.3. guardian of angels
signuð brúðr bragnings hválfs byrjar
‘the blessed bride of the lord of the vault of fair wind’ = Mary
the vault of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
The blessed bride of GOD → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
gætir aldar
‘of the guardian of people’ = God
the guardian of people, → God
Jesus Christ
3.2. guardian of people
yfirþjóðkonungr allra jöfra
‘of the supreme king of all princes’ = God
the supreme king of all princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
yfirþjóðkonungr allra jöfra
‘of the supreme king of all princes’ = God
the supreme king of all princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
hilmir runna* láða* sunnu
‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun’ = God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
Jesus Christ
1.03. lord of angels
yfirþjóðkonungr allra jöfra
‘of the supreme king of all princes’ = God
the supreme king of all princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
kván guðs
‘the wife of god’ = Mary
the wife of God, → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
brúðr guðs
‘to the bride of god’ = Mary
to the bride of God → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
skærust mær guðs
‘purest virgin of god’ = Mary
Purest Virgin of God, → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
mær guðs
‘virgin of god’ = Mary
Virgin of God; → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
göfugligt víf guðs
‘the glorious wife of god’ = Mary
The glorious wife of God → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
mær guðs
‘virgin of god’ = Mary
Virgin of God. → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
hreinum mildingr bragninga
‘to the pure ruler of princes’ = God
to the pure ruler of princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
vinsæll einkafóstri Aðalsteins
‘the popular only foster-son of Æthelstan’ = Hákon
the popular only foster-son of Æthelstan → Hákon
Hákon I inn góði Haraldsson (r. c. 934-c. 961)
2. foster-son of Aðalsteinn
einn yfirhildingr hverrar ættar aldar
‘the sole overlord of every family of men’ = God
the sole overlord of every family of men, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
hilmir jǫfra
‘the ruler of princes’ = God
the ruler of princes; → God
God
1.3.1. lord of princes
mær guðs
‘to the maid of god’ = Mary
to the maid of God, → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
vísi alda
‘the prince of men’ = God
The prince of men → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
valdr aldar
‘the ruler of mankind’ = God
the ruler of mankind → God
Jesus Christ
1.02. lord of people
þengill lýða
‘in the ruler of mankind’ = God
in the ruler of mankind. → God
God
1.3. lord of people
hirðvandan gramr seggja
‘the ruler of men, careful chooser of his retainers’ = God
the ruler of men, careful chooser of his retainers, → God
God
1.3. lord of people
aldyggr kennir engla
‘the all-good knower of angels’ = God
The all-good knower of angels → God
God
. knower of angels
flærðvarr fylkir lýða
‘the deceit-wary ruler of mankind’ = God
the deceit-wary ruler of mankind → God
God
1.3. lord of people
gramr engla
‘the prince of angels’ = God
the prince of angels. → God
God
1.4. lord of angels
konungr aldar
‘king of mankind’ = God
king of mankind.’ → God
God
1.3. lord of people
stillir Girkja
‘the ruler of the Greeks’ = Michael
the ruler of the Greeks → Michael
Michael V Kalaphates
2. lord of the Greeks
sannreynir Haralds
‘of the true friend of Haraldr’ = Hákon Grjótgarðsson
the true friend of Haraldr → Hákon Grjótgarðsson
Hákon jarl Grjótgarðsson
3. friend of Haraldr hárfagri
dolgr Frísa
‘the Frisians’ enemy’ = Eiríkr
the Frisians’ enemy → Eiríkr
Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson (r. c. 1000-c. 1014)
4. enemy of the Frisians
vinr Lopts
‘of the friend of Loptr’ = Óðinn
the friend of Loptr. → Óðinn
Óðinn
3.1. friend of a male mythical being (C3a)
‘líknarmær dróttins
‘‘merciful virgin of the lord’ = Mary
‘Merciful Virgin of the Lord, → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
dróttinn egða
‘the lord of the egðir’ = Haraldr
the lord of the Egðir → Haraldr
Haraldr, king of Agder (Gautr)
1. lord of the Egðir
dolgr Jóta
‘the enemy of the Jótar’ = Dómaldi
the enemy of the Jótar. → Dómaldi
Dómaldi (Yt)
. enemy of Danish people
verr Signýjar
‘of the lover of Signý’ = Hagbarðr
the lover of Signý → Hagbarðr
Hagbarðr/Hagbarði
2. lover of Signý
dolgr Eistra
‘the enemy of the Estonians’ = Ǫnundr
the enemy of the Estonians. → Ǫnundr
Ǫnundr (Yt)
. enemy of the Estonians
farmr arma meinsvarri
‘the cargo of the arms of the harm-woman’ = Loki
the harm-woman → Angrboða
The cargo of the arms of ANGRBOÐA → Loki
Loki
2.3. lover of Sigyn and Angrboða
dróttinn Hjalta
‘the lord of Shetlanders’ = Þorfinnr
The lord of Shetlanders → Þorfinnr
Þorfinnr Sigurðarson
3. lord of Shetlanders
rúni Sifjar
‘the confidant of Sif’ = Þórr
The confidant of Sif → Þórr
Þórr
3. friend of the gods (C3a)
beðvina Óðs
‘of Óðr’s bedmate’ = Freyja
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
Freyja
1. consort of the gods (C3a)
brúðr Vana
‘of the Vanir’s consort’ = Freyja
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
Freyja
1. consort of the gods (C3a)