Þjóð Haustl 12III
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Þjóðólfr ór Hvini, Haustlǫng 12’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 449.
Heyrðak ‘I have heard’
(not checked:)
2. heyra (verb): hear
[1] Heyrðak (‘Heurda ec’): so Tˣ, Heyrðat R
svá ‘thus’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
þat ‘that’
(not checked:)
þat (conj.): that
notes
[1] þat ‘that’: A rare example of þat used for the conj. at ‘that’ (cf. LP: þat conj., = at; Heggstad et al. 2008: þat 2).
síðan ‘afterwards’
(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then
sveik ‘by trickery’
(not checked:)
svíkja (verb): betray, deceive
notes
[2] apt: Lit. ‘back’. To be understood with the verb svíkja ‘trick, cheat’ in the sense ‘tricked back’, i.e. ‘recovered by trickery’. Both mss have ept, prep. ‘after’ (in sense of motion, with dat.) or ‘after’ in time, with acc. Ept does not fit the context here, so most eds have emended. Skj B and Skald emend to opt ‘often’ and understand l. 2 as an intercalary, emending the mss’ ása to ôsu and choosing R’s leikum to read sveik opt ôsu leikum ‘he [Loki] often betrayed the gods with his tricks’. They then emend flugbjalfa ‘flight-skin’ (l. 4) to fló bjalfa ‘flew [strengthened with a hawk’s] skin/form’ in order to provide a finite verb for the helmingr’s þat-clause. Such emendations are not necessary to achieve good sense, as Holtsmark (1949, 36) and Marold (1983, 166-7) have shown.
ása ‘of the gods’
(not checked:)
2. Áss (noun m.; °áss, dat. ási/ás; ásar): god
kennings
leiku ása.‘the playmate of the gods ’
= Iðunn
the playmate of the gods → Iðunn
kennings
leiku ása.‘the playmate of the gods ’
= Iðunn
the playmate of the gods → Iðunn
hug ‘the thought’
(not checked:)
hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugreynandi (noun m.)
kennings
hugreynandi Hœnis,‘the thought-trier of Hœnir, ’
= Loki
the thought-trier of Hœnir, → Loki
reynandi ‘trier’
(not checked:)
reynandi (noun m.): [testers, trier] < hugreynandi (noun m.)
kennings
hugreynandi Hœnis,‘the thought-trier of Hœnir, ’
= Loki
the thought-trier of Hœnir, → Loki
Hœnis ‘of Hœnir’
(not checked:)
Hœnir (noun m.): Hœnir
kennings
hugreynandi Hœnis,‘the thought-trier of Hœnir, ’
= Loki
the thought-trier of Hœnir, → Loki
hauks ‘with a hawk’s’
(not checked:)
1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk
[4] hauks: so Tˣ, hauðs R
flug ‘flight’
(not checked:)
2. flug (noun n.): flight, ?precipice < flugbjalfi (noun m.)
kennings
flugbjalfa‘flight-skin, ’
= WINGS
flight-skin, → WINGS
bjalfa ‘skin’
(not checked:)
bjalfi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): [skin, hide] < flugbjalfi (noun m.)
kennings
flugbjalfa‘flight-skin, ’
= WINGS
flight-skin, → WINGS
aukinn ‘strengthened’
(not checked:)
1. auka (verb; °eykr; jók, jóku/juku): (str. intrans.) increase
[4] aukinn: aukin R, Tˣ
Ok ‘And’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
lóm ‘the deceit’
(not checked:)
2. lómr (noun m.): deceit < lómhugaðr (adj.)
kennings
lómhugaðr faðir Mǫrnar,‘the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, ’
= Þjazi
the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, → Þjazi
hugaðr ‘minded’
(not checked:)
-hugaðr (adj.): -minded < lómhugaðr (adj.)
kennings
lómhugaðr faðir Mǫrnar,‘the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, ’
= Þjazi
the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, → Þjazi
lagði ‘directed’
(not checked:)
leggja (verb): put, lay
leik ‘of the play’
(not checked:)
1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play < leikblað (noun n.)
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
leik ‘of the play’
(not checked:)
1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play < leikblað (noun n.)
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
blaðs ‘blade’
(not checked:)
blað (noun n.; °; *-): blade, leaf < leikblað (noun n.)
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
blaðs ‘blade’
(not checked:)
blað (noun n.; °; *-): blade, leaf < leikblað (noun n.)
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
kennings
Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar,‘the Reginn of the play-blade of the feather, ’
= GIANT = Þjazi
the play-blade of the feather, → WING
the Reginn of the WING → GIANT = Þjazi
notes
[6] Reginn leikblaðs fjaðrar ‘the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi]’: An unusual kenning, dependent for its meaning on the details of the underlying myth. Reginn has been treated here as the pers. n. of the legendary and evil smith, foster-father of Sigurðr and brother to Fáfnir (and also a dwarf-name, see Note to Þul Dverga 6/4). As such, Reginn is an appropriate base-word for a kenning for the giant Þjazi. Leikblað fjaðrar ‘play-blade of the feather’ is without parallel as a kenning-type, but must refer to the beating of the eagle’s wings in flight. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; 1933, 1-2) transposes leik- from blað to reginn on the ground that ‘Reginn of the wing’ is not an appropriate kenning for a giant and construes ern leikreginn blaðs fjaðrar ‘the swift play-Reginn of the blade of the feather’. Marold (1983, 167) argues that, if leik- is understood as a verbal addition to the wing-kenning, it is not irregular in terms of kenning-type.
ern ‘a swift’
(not checked:)
ern (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): powerful
notes
[7, 8] ern arnsúg ‘a swift eagle-sucking’: This phrase, with Skm’s very close verbal parallel, noted above, has not been treated as a kenning. It presumably refers to the wind caused by the eagle’s wings as he pursues Loki or possibly to a magical force the eagle was able to exert upon him.
at ‘at’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
ǫglis ‘the hawk’s’
(not checked:)
ǫglir (noun m.): hawk
kennings
barni ǫglis.‘the hawk’s child.’
= HAWK = Loki
the hawk’s child. → HAWK = Loki
barni ‘child’
(not checked:)
barn (noun n.; °-s; bǫrn/barn(JKr 345³), dat. bǫrnum/barnum): child
kennings
barni ǫglis.‘the hawk’s child.’
= HAWK = Loki
the hawk’s child. → HAWK = Loki
arn ‘eagle’
(not checked:)
1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle < arnsúgr (noun m.): eagle-sucking
notes
[7, 8] ern arnsúg ‘a swift eagle-sucking’: This phrase, with Skm’s very close verbal parallel, noted above, has not been treated as a kenning. It presumably refers to the wind caused by the eagle’s wings as he pursues Loki or possibly to a magical force the eagle was able to exert upon him.
súg ‘sucking’
(not checked:)
súgr (noun m.): [sucking] < arnsúgr (noun m.): eagle-sucking
notes
[7, 8] ern arnsúg ‘a swift eagle-sucking’: This phrase, with Skm’s very close verbal parallel, noted above, has not been treated as a kenning. It presumably refers to the wind caused by the eagle’s wings as he pursues Loki or possibly to a magical force the eagle was able to exert upon him.
faðir ‘father’
(not checked:)
faðir (noun m.): father
kennings
lómhugaðr faðir Mǫrnar,‘the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, ’
= Þjazi
the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, → Þjazi
Mǫrnar ‘of Mǫrn’
(not checked:)
Mǫrn (noun f.): Mǫrn
kennings
lómhugaðr faðir Mǫrnar,‘the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, ’
= Þjazi
the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn, → Þjazi
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Heyrðak svá, þat síðan |
I have heard thus, that the thought-trier of Hœnir [= Loki], strengthened with a hawk’s flight-skin [WINGS], afterwards recovered the playmate of the gods [= Iðunn] by trickery. And the deceit-minded father of Mǫrn <= Skaði> [= Þjazi], the Reginn <legendary smith> of the play-blade of the feather [WING > GIANT = Þjazi], directed a swift eagle-sucking at the hawk’s child [HAWK = Loki].
As for st. 1.
According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 2), after the gods had threatened Loki with death or torture, he became so frightened that he undertook to journey to Jǫtunheimar and recover Iðunn, if Freyja would lend him her falcon shape (valshamr). He flew in this shape north to Jǫtunheimar and discovered Þjazi rowing out to sea, having left Iðunn at home alone. Loki found her, turned her into a nut, and flew back to Ásgarðr with her in his claws. Þjazi soon discovered his loss, adopted his eagle shape and set off in hot pursuit of Loki, ok dró arnsúg í flugnum ‘and caused an eagle-sucking in his flying’. See Note to ll. 7, 8 below. — [5-8]: Several possible syntactic arrangements of these lines have been proposed. Lómhugaðr ‘deceit-minded’ (l. 5) can be taken either with Reginn, legendary smith name (l. 6) or faðir ‘father’ (l. 8). Both nouns form kennings for Þjazi. Most eds and commentators have opted for the adj. to qualify faðir Mǫrnar (l. 8), but Kock (NN §138), followed by Holtsmark (1949, 36), favours the connection with Reginn. Marold (1983, 167, 185-7) argues on the basis of the kenning-type that lómhugaðr faðir Mǫrnar is the more likely arrangement. The adj. ern ‘swift, energetic’ (l. 7) may be construed with reginn and the kenning of which it forms part (see following Note) or with arnsúg ‘eagle-sucking’ (l. 8), as argued by Kock (NN §138) and Marold (1983, 167). For the gen. form Mǫrnar, see Note to st. 6/4 above.
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