Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1035.
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2. nefna (verb): mention, name, call
[1] nefndr: efndi: Note aðalhending in an odd line, a minor stylistic licence common in Óldr; see Introduction.
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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ungr (adj.): young
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sás (conj.): the one who
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2. efna (verb; °-fnd-): fulfil
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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
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í (prep.): in, into
[2] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Garðar (Russia) is referred to as Óláfr’s fóstrjǫrð ‘foster-land’ in st. 4/8. Early Latin and vernacular prose sources report that Óláfr was fostered by King Valdamarr (Vladimir): see HSt Rst 2/2 and Note, and for doubts about the historicity of these accounts, see Introduction to HSt Frag 1.
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Garðar (noun m.): Russia
[2] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Garðar (Russia) is referred to as Óláfr’s fóstrjǫrð ‘foster-land’ in st. 4/8. Early Latin and vernacular prose sources report that Óláfr was fostered by King Valdamarr (Vladimir): see HSt Rst 2/2 and Note, and for doubts about the historicity of these accounts, see Introduction to HSt Frag 1.
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œskja (verb): [wish for] < œskibaldr (noun m.)
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Baldr (noun m.): [Baldr, Baldur] < œskibaldr (noun m.)
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
[4] fyr mér ‘to me’: This probably means ‘in my presence’, i.e. ‘I was told he was called Óláfr’.
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[4] fyr mér ‘to me’: This probably means ‘in my presence’, i.e. ‘I was told he was called Óláfr’.
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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < eldstøkkvir (noun m.)
[5] hafs eldstøkkvir ‘the dispenser of the fire of the sea [(lit. ‘fire-dispenser of the sea’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: Ms. eldstøkkum (m. dat. sg.) ‘fire-smooth, -brittle’ fails to provide sásk ‘feared’ with a subject; nor is the adj.’s meaning apparent. Previous eds have accordingly emended to the agent noun eldstøkkvir ‘fire-dispenser’. Eldstøkkum appears as an inferior variant to eldstøkkvir elsewhere in the corpus (Sturl Lv 2/1IV), and confusion of the abbreviations for -um and -ir is not implausible, though rare in Bb.
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < eldstøkkvir (noun m.)
[5] hafs eldstøkkvir ‘the dispenser of the fire of the sea [(lit. ‘fire-dispenser of the sea’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: Ms. eldstøkkum (m. dat. sg.) ‘fire-smooth, -brittle’ fails to provide sásk ‘feared’ with a subject; nor is the adj.’s meaning apparent. Previous eds have accordingly emended to the agent noun eldstøkkvir ‘fire-dispenser’. Eldstøkkum appears as an inferior variant to eldstøkkvir elsewhere in the corpus (Sturl Lv 2/1IV), and confusion of the abbreviations for -um and -ir is not implausible, though rare in Bb.
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støkkvir (noun m.): dispenser, flinger < eldstøkkvir (noun m.)
[5] ‑støkkvir: ‑stǫkkum Bb
[5] hafs eldstøkkvir ‘the dispenser of the fire of the sea [(lit. ‘fire-dispenser of the sea’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: Ms. eldstøkkum (m. dat. sg.) ‘fire-smooth, -brittle’ fails to provide sásk ‘feared’ with a subject; nor is the adj.’s meaning apparent. Previous eds have accordingly emended to the agent noun eldstøkkvir ‘fire-dispenser’. Eldstøkkum appears as an inferior variant to eldstøkkvir elsewhere in the corpus (Sturl Lv 2/1IV), and confusion of the abbreviations for -um and -ir is not implausible, though rare in Bb.
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2. ekki (adv.): not
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allr (adj.): all
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
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vel (adv.): well, very
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea
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1. nema (verb): to take
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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heimsbyggð (noun f.): [peopled world]
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
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Tryggvi (noun m.): Tryggvi
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Nefndr vas, ungr sás efndi, |
The wishing Baldr of steel weapons [WARRIOR], guardian of men [RULER], who, [when] young, performed [deeds] against men in Russia, was named to me [as] Óláfr. The dispenser of the fire of the sea [(lit. ‘fire-dispenser of the sea’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN] feared nothing except the ruler of princes [= God]; all the peopled world thought well of the valiant son of Tryggvi [= Óláfr].
[1-4]: This helmingr is awkward in several ways. Its word order is convoluted (though see e.g. sts 1/5-8, 10/1-4, 20/5-8, 26). More seriously, efna ‘to perform, carry out’ appears to be intransitive, which is rare at best (LP: efna offers an instance of absolute use in Oddrgr 10/5, but the context there supplies an understood object). These problems can be addressed by emending vǫrðr m. ‘guardian; guardianship, watch’ to acc. sg. vǫrð (so Skj B and Skald), hence œski-Baldr stála, sás ungr efnði vǫrð ýta í Gǫrðum við aldir, vas nefndr Ôleifr fyr mér ‘the wishing Baldr of steel weapons, he who [when] young carried out defence of men in Russia against people, was named to me [as] Óláfr’. The rather unconvincing phrase efna vǫrð ‘carry out defence’ lacks parallels, however, since efna most often combines with a noun referring to oaths or revenge (cf. st. 5/8 and LP, LT: efna). — [2] vǫrðr: Gǫrðum: The same rhyming words appear in HSt Rst 2/2.
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