Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Lausavísur 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 228.
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete
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fylla (verb): fill
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Fulla (noun f.): Fulla
[1] Fullu: so R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), U(42r), fyllar Kˣ, F, FskBˣ, fullar J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, ‘fillar’ FskAˣ
[1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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skína (verb): shine
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3.
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af (prep.): from
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3.
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1. fjall (noun n.): mountain
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3.
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falla (verb): fall < fallsól (noun f.): [setting sun]
[2] fallsól bráa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), ‘fall sol bla’ Kˣ, fallsólar brá FskBˣ, ‘fall solbraar’ FskAˣ, fjallsól brá U(42r)
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3. — [1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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falla (verb): fall < fallsól (noun f.): [setting sun]
[2] fallsól bráa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), ‘fall sol bla’ Kˣ, fallsólar brá FskBˣ, ‘fall solbraar’ FskAˣ, fjallsól brá U(42r)
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3. — [1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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2. falr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): white, marketable
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2. falr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): white, marketable
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fallsól (noun f.): [setting sun]
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fjallsól (noun f.)
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blár (adj.): black
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
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1. sólbrá (noun f.)
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1. brá (noun f.; °brár; brár): eyelash, eyebrow
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1. brá (noun f.; °brár; brár): eyelash, eyebrow
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < fallsól (noun f.): [setting sun]
[2] fallsól bráa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), ‘fall sol bla’ Kˣ, fallsólar brá FskBˣ, ‘fall solbraar’ FskAˣ, fjallsól brá U(42r)
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3. — [1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < fallsól (noun f.): [setting sun]
[2] fallsól bráa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), ‘fall sol bla’ Kˣ, fallsólar brá FskBˣ, ‘fall solbraar’ FskAˣ, fjallsól brá U(42r)
[1]: The diction of the line evokes a natural image of the sun setting over mountains (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) while also providing continuity from fjǫllum Fýrisvalla ‘mountains of Fýrisvellir’ in Lv 8/3. — [1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
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1. brá (noun f.; °brár; brár): eyelash, eyebrow
[2] fallsól bráa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), ‘fall sol bla’ Kˣ, fallsólar brá FskBˣ, ‘fall solbraar’ FskAˣ, fjallsól brá U(42r)
[1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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1. brá (noun f.; °brár; brár): eyelash, eyebrow
[2] fallsól bráa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, R, Tˣ, W, U(30v), ‘fall sol bla’ Kˣ, fallsólar brá FskBˣ, ‘fall solbraar’ FskAˣ, fjallsól brá U(42r)
[1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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ull (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u): [wool]
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
[2] vallar: valla FskAˣ
[1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
[2] vallar: valla FskAˣ
[1, 2] fallsól vallar bráa Fullu ‘the setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD]’: The little-known goddess Fulla is described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 29, 47) as a maidservant of Frigg who, as an unmarried woman, wears her hair free of a headdress but with a golden band, and this motif supplies the basis for a gold-kenning pattern (on Fulla, see also Note to Þul Ásynja 1/4III). The variant Fyllar (gen. sg.) appears to be a strong-declension by-form of Fulla with nom. *Fyllr (ÍF 26; ÍF 29). The specific mention of the setting sun (cf. sólarfall ‘sunset’, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 70) may relate to the redness of some gold: cf. rautt goll ‘red gold’ (LP: rauðr); ÍF 26 gives a more naturalistic explanation.
[3] kjóls Ullar ‘of the ship of Ullr <god> [SHIELD]’: This kenning type is familiar, but no explanation for it occurs in SnE; see also ÞjóðA Frag 3/2II and Note.
[3] kjóls Ullar ‘of the ship of Ullr <god> [SHIELD]’: This kenning type is familiar, but no explanation for it occurs in SnE; see also ÞjóðA Frag 3/2II and Note.
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3. ef (conj.): if
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kjóll (noun m.): ship
[3] kjóls Ullar ‘of the ship of Ullr <god> [SHIELD]’: This kenning type is familiar, but no explanation for it occurs in SnE; see also ÞjóðA Frag 3/2II and Note.
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kjóll (noun m.): ship
[3] kjóls Ullar ‘of the ship of Ullr <god> [SHIELD]’: This kenning type is familiar, but no explanation for it occurs in SnE; see also ÞjóðA Frag 3/2II and Note.
[3, 4] of allan aldr Hôkonar ‘throughout Hákon’s whole lifetime’: Cf. the closely similar phrasing in Lv 8/1, 4.
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allr (adj.): all
[3, 4] of allan aldr Hôkonar ‘throughout Hákon’s whole lifetime’: Cf. the closely similar phrasing in Lv 8/1, 4.
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Hákon (noun m.): Hákon
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age
[3, 4] of allan aldr Hôkonar ‘throughout Hákon’s whole lifetime’: Cf. the closely similar phrasing in Lv 8/1, 4.
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < Hákon (noun m.): Hákon
[4] Hôkonar: ‘hakonr’ J1ˣ
[3, 4] of allan aldr Hôkonar ‘throughout Hákon’s whole lifetime’: Cf. the closely similar phrasing in Lv 8/1, 4.
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin < Hákon (noun m.): Hákon
[4] Hôkonar: ‘hakonr’ J1ˣ
[3, 4] of allan aldr Hôkonar ‘throughout Hákon’s whole lifetime’: Cf. the closely similar phrasing in Lv 8/1, 4.
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2. afl (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength < aflrǫðull (noun m.)
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rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red < alfrauðr (adj.)
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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < alfrǫðull (noun m.)
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nú (adv.): now
[5] alf‑: afl‑ FskBˣ
[5] alfrǫðull ‘the sun’: Lit. ‘elf-beam’, used both as a common noun and as a proper name for the sun (LP: álfrǫðull).
[5] ‑rǫðull: ‑rǫðul F, ‑rauðr Bb
[5] alfrǫðull ‘the sun’: Lit. ‘elf-beam’, used both as a common noun and as a proper name for the sun (LP: álfrǫðull).
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elfr (noun f.): river
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af (prep.): from
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
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jǫtunn (noun m.; °jǫtuns, dat. jǫtni; jǫtnar): giant
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jǫtunn (noun m.; °jǫtuns, dat. jǫtni; jǫtnar): giant
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dolgr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): enemy, battle
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dolgr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): enemy, battle
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rof (noun n.; °-s): [retreat, breach]
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2. inn (art.): the
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2. fela (verb): hide
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rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
[7] rôð: rof U
[7-8] rôð rammrar þjóðar eru rík ‘the resolutions of the mighty people are powerful’: The identity of the þjóð ‘people’ and the nature of their rôð ‘resolutions’ is uncertain; Bjarni Einarsson (ÍF 29) glosses the clause því veldur ráðríki höfðingja (?) ‘that is caused by the imperiousness of the leaders (?)’. It is normally taken to refer to King Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers (Hkr 1893-1901, IV), but an alternative identification, with a more standard interpretation of the word þjóð, would be with the people of the Trøndelag at large, whose resentment of the harsh rule of the Gunnhildarsynir (Eiríkssynir) contributed to Haraldr gráfeldr’s eventual destruction (Andersen 1977, 96-7; cf. Hkr 1991; ÍF 26 offers both identifications). Eyvindr stigmatises Haraldr as a folkstríðir ‘afflicter of the people’ in Lv 8/5 and may here be encouraging resistance.
[7-8] rôð rammrar þjóðar eru rík ‘the resolutions of the mighty people are powerful’: The identity of the þjóð ‘people’ and the nature of their rôð ‘resolutions’ is uncertain; Bjarni Einarsson (ÍF 29) glosses the clause því veldur ráðríki höfðingja (?) ‘that is caused by the imperiousness of the leaders (?)’. It is normally taken to refer to King Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers (Hkr 1893-1901, IV), but an alternative identification, with a more standard interpretation of the word þjóð, would be with the people of the Trøndelag at large, whose resentment of the harsh rule of the Gunnhildarsynir (Eiríkssynir) contributed to Haraldr gráfeldr’s eventual destruction (Andersen 1977, 96-7; cf. Hkr 1991; ÍF 26 offers both identifications). Eyvindr stigmatises Haraldr as a folkstríðir ‘afflicter of the people’ in Lv 8/5 and may here be encouraging resistance.
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rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
[7] rammrar: rammar FskBˣ
[7-8] rôð rammrar þjóðar eru rík ‘the resolutions of the mighty people are powerful’: The identity of the þjóð ‘people’ and the nature of their rôð ‘resolutions’ is uncertain; Bjarni Einarsson (ÍF 29) glosses the clause því veldur ráðríki höfðingja (?) ‘that is caused by the imperiousness of the leaders (?)’. It is normally taken to refer to King Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers (Hkr 1893-1901, IV), but an alternative identification, with a more standard interpretation of the word þjóð, would be with the people of the Trøndelag at large, whose resentment of the harsh rule of the Gunnhildarsynir (Eiríkssynir) contributed to Haraldr gráfeldr’s eventual destruction (Andersen 1977, 96-7; cf. Hkr 1991; ÍF 26 offers both identifications). Eyvindr stigmatises Haraldr as a folkstríðir ‘afflicter of the people’ in Lv 8/5 and may here be encouraging resistance.
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
[7-8] rôð rammrar þjóðar eru rík ‘the resolutions of the mighty people are powerful’: The identity of the þjóð ‘people’ and the nature of their rôð ‘resolutions’ is uncertain; Bjarni Einarsson (ÍF 29) glosses the clause því veldur ráðríki höfðingja (?) ‘that is caused by the imperiousness of the leaders (?)’. It is normally taken to refer to King Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers (Hkr 1893-1901, IV), but an alternative identification, with a more standard interpretation of the word þjóð, would be with the people of the Trøndelag at large, whose resentment of the harsh rule of the Gunnhildarsynir (Eiríkssynir) contributed to Haraldr gráfeldr’s eventual destruction (Andersen 1977, 96-7; cf. Hkr 1991; ÍF 26 offers both identifications). Eyvindr stigmatises Haraldr as a folkstríðir ‘afflicter of the people’ in Lv 8/5 and may here be encouraging resistance.
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
[8] rík í móður líki: ríkmagnaðrar slíkrar B
[7-8] rôð rammrar þjóðar eru rík ‘the resolutions of the mighty people are powerful’: The identity of the þjóð ‘people’ and the nature of their rôð ‘resolutions’ is uncertain; Bjarni Einarsson (ÍF 29) glosses the clause því veldur ráðríki höfðingja (?) ‘that is caused by the imperiousness of the leaders (?)’. It is normally taken to refer to King Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers (Hkr 1893-1901, IV), but an alternative identification, with a more standard interpretation of the word þjóð, would be with the people of the Trøndelag at large, whose resentment of the harsh rule of the Gunnhildarsynir (Eiríkssynir) contributed to Haraldr gráfeldr’s eventual destruction (Andersen 1977, 96-7; cf. Hkr 1991; ÍF 26 offers both identifications). Eyvindr stigmatises Haraldr as a folkstríðir ‘afflicter of the people’ in Lv 8/5 and may here be encouraging resistance.
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
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móðir (noun f.): mother
[8] rík í móður líki: ríkmagnaðrar slíkrar B; móður líki: blank space W
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1. lík (noun n.; °-s; -): body, shape
[8] rík í móður líki: ríkmagnaðrar slíkrar B; móður líki: blank space W
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Fullu skein á fjǫllum |
The setting sun of the plain of the brows of Fulla <goddess> [FOREHEAD > GOLD] shone on the mountains of the ship of Ullr <god> [SHIELD > ARMS/HANDS] of skalds throughout Hákon’s whole lifetime. Now the sun of the river [GOLD] is hidden in the body of the mother of the enemy of the giants [= Þórr > = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)]; the resolutions of the mighty people are powerful.
As for Lv 8 in the kings’ sagas. The first helmingr is cited in SnE (twice in U) in a section illustrating kennings for ‘gold’, and the second in one illustrating kennings for ‘earth’.
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