ESk Geisl 5VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 5’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 11.
Sonr ‘The son’
(not checked:)
sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
sté ‘ascended’
(not checked:)
stíga (verb): step
upp ‘’
(not checked:)
upp (adv.): up
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
ynði ‘joy’
(not checked:)
ynði (noun n.; °-s): pleasure
auðar ‘with riches’
(not checked:)
1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
mildr ‘generous’
(not checked:)
mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
frá ‘from’
(not checked:)
frá (prep.): from
hauðri ‘earth’
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hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground
jǫfra ‘of princes’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
beztr ‘the best’
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betr (adv.; °superl. bezt/bazt; pos. vel adv.): better
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
œztrar ‘the highest’
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œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher
alls ‘of all’
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allr (adj.): all
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
alls ‘of all’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
ráðanda ‘of the ruler’
(not checked:)
ráðandi (noun m.; °-a; ráðendr): ruler
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
ráðanda ‘of the ruler’
(not checked:)
ráðandi (noun m.; °-a; ráðendr): ruler
kennings
Sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar,‘The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, ’
= Christ
The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ
hallar ‘hall’
(not checked:)
1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall
Lofaðr ‘The praised’
(not checked:)
lofaðr (adj.): praised
kennings
Lofaðr konungr dagbóls‘The praised king of the day-home ’
= God
the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
sitr ‘sits’
(not checked:)
sitja (verb): sit
notes
[5] sitr ‘sits’: The image of Christ seated in majesty was commonly depicted on the east wall of medieval Scandinavian and Icel. churches.
ǫllum ‘’
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allr (adj.): all
efri ‘above’
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efri (adj. comp.; °superl. efstr/øfstr (eft- [$1653$] 13r²³, etc.)): higher, highest
ǫðlinga ‘of princes’
(not checked:)
ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
kennings
hirð dǫglings ǫðlinga‘the cohort of the prince of princes ’
= THE BLESSED
the prince of princes → God
the cohort of GOD → THE BLESSED
notes
[6, 7] dǫglings ǫðlinga ‘of the prince of princes [= God]’: Kennings of this type (‘king of kings’) signify Viking kings in earlier skaldic poetry (see Meissner, 371). Their use as God-kennings in Geisl (cf. dróttinn harra 25/7) and Anon Heildr (hæsta konungr jǫfra ‘the highest king of kings’ 12/3-4) may be either a borrowing from skaldic tradition or an imitation of the biblical variations on the theme (cf. Ezek. XXVI.7; 2 Macc. XIII.4; 1 Tim. VI.15; Rev. I.5, XVII.14, XIX.16). The figure appears frequently in Lat. and OE poetry.
ǫðlinga ‘of princes’
(not checked:)
ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
kennings
hirð dǫglings ǫðlinga‘the cohort of the prince of princes ’
= THE BLESSED
the prince of princes → God
the cohort of GOD → THE BLESSED
notes
[6, 7] dǫglings ǫðlinga ‘of the prince of princes [= God]’: Kennings of this type (‘king of kings’) signify Viking kings in earlier skaldic poetry (see Meissner, 371). Their use as God-kennings in Geisl (cf. dróttinn harra 25/7) and Anon Heildr (hæsta konungr jǫfra ‘the highest king of kings’ 12/3-4) may be either a borrowing from skaldic tradition or an imitation of the biblical variations on the theme (cf. Ezek. XXVI.7; 2 Macc. XIII.4; 1 Tim. VI.15; Rev. I.5, XVII.14, XIX.16). The figure appears frequently in Lat. and OE poetry.
hnígr ‘bows down’
(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall
notes
[6] hnígr ‘bows down’: An allusion to the book of Revelation, where the twenty-four elders, the angels, and the blessed are said to fall down before the King of Kings (Rev. IV.10, V.8, VII.11).
þingat ‘to him’
(not checked:)
þangat (adv.): there, thither
dǫglings ‘of the prince’
(not checked:)
dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
kennings
hirð dǫglings ǫðlinga‘the cohort of the prince of princes ’
= THE BLESSED
the prince of princes → God
the cohort of GOD → THE BLESSED
notes
[6, 7] dǫglings ǫðlinga ‘of the prince of princes [= God]’: Kennings of this type (‘king of kings’) signify Viking kings in earlier skaldic poetry (see Meissner, 371). Their use as God-kennings in Geisl (cf. dróttinn harra 25/7) and Anon Heildr (hæsta konungr jǫfra ‘the highest king of kings’ 12/3-4) may be either a borrowing from skaldic tradition or an imitation of the biblical variations on the theme (cf. Ezek. XXVI.7; 2 Macc. XIII.4; 1 Tim. VI.15; Rev. I.5, XVII.14, XIX.16). The figure appears frequently in Lat. and OE poetry.
dǫglings ‘of the prince’
(not checked:)
dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
kennings
hirð dǫglings ǫðlinga‘the cohort of the prince of princes ’
= THE BLESSED
the prince of princes → God
the cohort of GOD → THE BLESSED
notes
[6, 7] dǫglings ǫðlinga ‘of the prince of princes [= God]’: Kennings of this type (‘king of kings’) signify Viking kings in earlier skaldic poetry (see Meissner, 371). Their use as God-kennings in Geisl (cf. dróttinn harra 25/7) and Anon Heildr (hæsta konungr jǫfra ‘the highest king of kings’ 12/3-4) may be either a borrowing from skaldic tradition or an imitation of the biblical variations on the theme (cf. Ezek. XXVI.7; 2 Macc. XIII.4; 1 Tim. VI.15; Rev. I.5, XVII.14, XIX.16). The figure appears frequently in Lat. and OE poetry.
hirð ‘the cohort’
(not checked:)
hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
kennings
hirð dǫglings ǫðlinga‘the cohort of the prince of princes ’
= THE BLESSED
the prince of princes → God
the cohort of GOD → THE BLESSED
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
dýrðar ‘of majesty’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
[7] dýrðar: so Bb, ‘dyran’ Flat
dag ‘of the day’
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagból (noun n.)
kennings
Lofaðr konungr dagbóls‘The praised king of the day-home ’
= God
the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
dag ‘of the day’
(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagból (noun n.)
kennings
Lofaðr konungr dagbóls‘The praised king of the day-home ’
= God
the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
bóls ‘home’
(not checked:)
ból (noun n.; °-s; -): dwelling < dagból (noun n.)
kennings
Lofaðr konungr dagbóls‘The praised king of the day-home ’
= God
the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
bóls ‘home’
(not checked:)
ból (noun n.; °-s; -): dwelling < dagból (noun n.)
kennings
Lofaðr konungr dagbóls‘The praised king of the day-home ’
= God
the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
konungr ‘king’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
kennings
Lofaðr konungr dagbóls‘The praised king of the day-home ’
= God
the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
stóli ‘the throne’
(not checked:)
1. stóll (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): seat, throne
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Sonr sté upp með ynði |
The son of the ruler of all [= God], generous with riches [= Christ], the best of princes, ascended with joy from earth to the highest hall. The praised king of the day-home [SKY/HEAVEN > = God (= Christ)] sits above the angels on the throne of majesty; the cohort of the prince of princes [= God > THE BLESSED] bows down to him [lit. to there, to it].
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