Arn Þorfdr 10II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Þorfinnsdrápa 10’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 241-2.
Hátt ‘high’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
bar ‘bore’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
Hjalta ‘of Shetlanders’
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Hjaltr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): Shetlander
kennings
Dróttinn Hjalta‘The lord of Shetlanders ’
= Þorfinnr
The lord of Shetlanders → Þorfinnr
notes
[1] dróttinn Hjalta ‘the lord of Shetlanders [= Þorfinnr]’: Here Þorfinnr, as also harri Hjaltlands ‘Shetland’s lord’ in st. 12; but in st. 22 dróttinn Hjalta ‘the lord of Shetlanders’ appears to refer to Rǫgnvaldr Brúsason.
dróttinn ‘The lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
kennings
Dróttinn Hjalta‘The lord of Shetlanders ’
= Þorfinnr
The lord of Shetlanders → Þorfinnr
notes
[1] dróttinn Hjalta ‘the lord of Shetlanders [= Þorfinnr]’: Here Þorfinnr, as also harri Hjaltlands ‘Shetland’s lord’ in st. 12; but in st. 22 dróttinn Hjalta ‘the lord of Shetlanders’ appears to refer to Rǫgnvaldr Brúsason.
hjalm ‘helmet’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
at ‘in’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
geira ‘of spears’
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geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
jalmi geira;‘the tumult of spears; ’
= BATTLE
the tumult of spears; → BATTLE
jalmi ‘the tumult’
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jalmr (noun m.): screech, noise
[2] jalmi: salmi Flat, jalmi 48ˣmarg
kennings
jalmi geira;‘the tumult of spears; ’
= BATTLE
the tumult of spears; → BATTLE
ógn ‘of battle-dread’
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ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnstœrir (noun m.): sweller of battle-dread
kennings
ógnstœrir‘the sweller of battle-dread ’
= WARRIOR
the sweller of battle-dread → WARRIOR
stœrir ‘the sweller’
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stœrir (noun m.): increaser < ógnstœrir (noun m.): sweller of battle-dread
kennings
ógnstœrir‘the sweller of battle-dread ’
= WARRIOR
the sweller of battle-dread → WARRIOR
rauð ‘reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
Írum ‘on Irishmen’
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írar (noun m.): Irishmen
notes
[3] Írum ‘on Irishmen’: Orkn ch. 20, perhaps extrapolating from this st., states that Karl’s ranks included supporters from Ireland.
odd ‘point’
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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
ferðar ‘of his troop’
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
broddi ‘the vanguard’
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broddr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): point of spear or arrow
Minn ‘My’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
dróttinn ‘lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
máttar ‘of his strength’
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máttr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. mǽtti/mátt; mǽttir, dat. -um): power
mildr ‘bounteous’
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
und ‘beneath’
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
notes
[6] und brezkum skildi ‘beneath a British shield’: Perhaps the shield was a war-trophy captured in a raid on the Bretar or perhaps ‘British’ shields were prized as being particularly fine. On the meaning of brezkr, see Note to st. 14/3.
brezkum ‘a British’
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brezkr (adj.): British
notes
[6] und brezkum skildi ‘beneath a British shield’: Perhaps the shield was a war-trophy captured in a raid on the Bretar or perhaps ‘British’ shields were prized as being particularly fine. On the meaning of brezkr, see Note to st. 14/3.
skildi ‘shield’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
notes
[6] und brezkum skildi ‘beneath a British shield’: Perhaps the shield was a war-trophy captured in a raid on the Bretar or perhaps ‘British’ shields were prized as being particularly fine. On the meaning of brezkr, see Note to st. 14/3.
hendi ‘captured’
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hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
Hlǫðvis ‘Hlǫðvir’s’
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Hlǫðvir (noun m.): Hlǫðvir
[7] Hlǫðvis: ‘hloðvers’ Flat, R702ˣ, Hlǫðvis 48ˣmarg
kennings
frændi Hlǫðvis‘Hlǫðvir’s kinsman ’
= Þorfinnr
Hlǫðvir’s kinsman → Þorfinnr
frændi ‘kinsman’
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frændi (noun m.): kinsman, male relative
kennings
frændi Hlǫðvis‘Hlǫðvir’s kinsman ’
= Þorfinnr
Hlǫðvir’s kinsman → Þorfinnr
her ‘warriors’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < hermaðr (noun m.): warrior
notes
[8] ok tók brenna ‘and began burning’: (a) The cl. follows frændi Hlǫðvis hendi hermenn ‘Hlǫðvir’s kinsman captured warriors’ so that hermenn may be the understood object of brenna inf. ‘burning’, hence ‘Þorfinnr captured [the surviving] warriors and burned [the slain]’, although burning seems usually to be reserved for evil-doers, heathens and insurrectionists (cf. the reference to the burning of the Wendish dead in Arn Magndr 8, also Fidjestøl 1982, 206). Brenna could alternatively refer to the burning of dwellings, and hence anticipate st. 11. (b) The variant enn tóksk senna (R702ˣ) could mean ‘yet again battle began’ (cf. tóksk morð af því ‘killing started up from that’ in Sigv Tryggfl 1/2I), since senna ‘verbal contest’ can stand alone to mean ‘battle’ (see LP). However, a statement that battle began would be inappropriate here.
notes
[8] ok tók brenna ‘and began burning’: (a) The cl. follows frændi Hlǫðvis hendi hermenn ‘Hlǫðvir’s kinsman captured warriors’ so that hermenn may be the understood object of brenna inf. ‘burning’, hence ‘Þorfinnr captured [the surviving] warriors and burned [the slain]’, although burning seems usually to be reserved for evil-doers, heathens and insurrectionists (cf. the reference to the burning of the Wendish dead in Arn Magndr 8, also Fidjestøl 1982, 206). Brenna could alternatively refer to the burning of dwellings, and hence anticipate st. 11. (b) The variant enn tóksk senna (R702ˣ) could mean ‘yet again battle began’ (cf. tóksk morð af því ‘killing started up from that’ in Sigv Tryggfl 1/2I), since senna ‘verbal contest’ can stand alone to mean ‘battle’ (see LP). However, a statement that battle began would be inappropriate here.
brenna ‘burning’
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2. brenna (verb; °brennr/brenn; brann, brunnu; brunninn): (strong, intransitive)
[8] tók brenna: tóksk senna R702ˣ
notes
[8] ok tók brenna ‘and began burning’: (a) The cl. follows frændi Hlǫðvis hendi hermenn ‘Hlǫðvir’s kinsman captured warriors’ so that hermenn may be the understood object of brenna inf. ‘burning’, hence ‘Þorfinnr captured [the surviving] warriors and burned [the slain]’, although burning seems usually to be reserved for evil-doers, heathens and insurrectionists (cf. the reference to the burning of the Wendish dead in Arn Magndr 8, also Fidjestøl 1982, 206). Brenna could alternatively refer to the burning of dwellings, and hence anticipate st. 11. (b) The variant enn tóksk senna (R702ˣ) could mean ‘yet again battle began’ (cf. tóksk morð af því ‘killing started up from that’ in Sigv Tryggfl 1/2I), since senna ‘verbal contest’ can stand alone to mean ‘battle’ (see LP). However, a statement that battle began would be inappropriate here.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hátt bar Hjalta dróttinn |
The lord of Shetlanders [= Þorfinnr] bore his helmet high in the vanguard of his troop in the tumult of spears [BATTLE]; the sweller of battle-dread [WARRIOR] reddened his point on Irishmen. My bounteous lord made use of his strength beneath a British shield; Hlǫðvir’s kinsman [= Þorfinnr] captured warriors and began burning.
Exactly as for st. 9, which st. 10 follows directly.
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