Kennings — Einarr Skúlason Geisli

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• ESk Geisl 1^VII

  ins snjalla ráðandi alls
  ‘of the eloquent ruler of all’ = God
  the eloquent ruler of all. → God

  God
  1.6. lord of all

• ESk Geisl 1^VII

  gunnǫflugr geisli sólar miskunnar
  ‘the battle-strong beam of the sun of mercy’ = Christ/Óláfr
  the sun of mercy → God
  The battle-strong beam of GOD → Christ/Óláfr

  Jesus Christ

• ESk Geisl 1^VII

  sól miskunnar
  ‘of the sun of mercy’ = God
  the sun of mercy → God

  God
  . sun of mercy

• ESk Geisl 2^VII

  vísi veðr-hallar
  ‘the prince of the wind-hall’ = God
  the wind-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
  the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  Jesus Christ
  1.01. lord of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 2^VII

  veðr-hǫll
  ‘of the wind-hall’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the wind-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  1.1.1. house of storm/wind

• ESk Geisl 2^VII

  skýjaðarr
  ‘the cloud-rim’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the cloud-rim; → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 3^VII

  ljós sólar heilags siðar
  ‘the light of the sun of holy faith’ = Christ
  the sun of holy faith → God
  The light of GOD → Christ

  Jesus Christ

• ESk Geisl 3^VII

  sól heilags siðar
  ‘of the sun of holy faith’ = God
  the sun of holy faith → God

  God

• ESk Geisl 3^VII

  auðfinnandi
  ‘for finders of riches’ = MEN
  for finders of riches → MEN

  male, man
  3.09. finder of riches

• ESk Geisl 3^VII

  betra ómjós setrs annars rǫðuls
  ‘the better [light] of the not-small abode of another sun’ = God
  the not-small abode of another sun. → SKY/HEAVEN
  the better [light] of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  Jesus Christ

• ESk Geisl 3^VII

  ómjós setr annars rǫðuls
  ‘of the not-small abode of another sun’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the not-small abode of another sun. → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  8.1. abode of the sun

• ESk Geisl 5^VII

  sonr alls ráðanda mildr auðar
  ‘the son of the ruler of all, generous with riches’ = Christ
  The son of the ruler of all, generous with riches, → Christ

  Jesus Christ
  2.1. son of God

• ESk Geisl 5^VII

  alls ráðandi
  ‘of the ruler of all’ = God
  the ruler of all, → God

  God
  1.6. lord of all

• ESk Geisl 5^VII

  lofaðr konungr dagbóls
  ‘the praised king of the day-home’ = God
  the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN
  The praised king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  Jesus Christ
  1.01. lord of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 5^VII

  dagból
  ‘of the day-home’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the day-home → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  8.3. abode of the daylight

• ESk Geisl 5^VII

  hirð dǫglings ǫðlinga
  ‘the cohort of the prince of princes’ = THE BLESSED
  the prince of princes → God
  the cohort of GOD → THE BLESSED

  holy man, saint
  1. man of God

• ESk Geisl 5^VII

  dǫglingr ǫðlinga
  ‘of the prince of princes’ = God
  the prince of princes → God

  God
  1.3.1. lord of princes

• ESk Geisl 6^VII

  dáðvandr dróttinn dýrðar
  ‘the carefully-acting lord of glory’ = God
  The carefully-acting lord of glory → God

  God
  1.9. lord of glory

• ESk Geisl 6^VII

  þau mál vátta
  ‘those sayings of witnesses’ = SCRIPTURES
  those sayings of witnesses. → SCRIPTURES

  Scriptures
  . speeches of witnesses

• ESk Geisl 7^VII

  gǫfgan geisli guðs hallar
  ‘the splendid light-beam of god’s hall’ = Óláfr
  God’s hall, → HEAVEN
  the splendid light-beam of the HEAVEN → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  3.3. beam of heaven

• ESk Geisl 7^VII

  guðs hǫll
  ‘of god’s hall’ = HEAVEN
  God’s hall, → HEAVEN

  heaven (Christian)
  1.1. house of God

• ESk Geisl 7^VII

  hríðblôsnum salr heiða
  ‘the storm-blown hall of heaths’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the storm-blown hall of heaths; may → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  1.3. house of the land

• ESk Geisl 8^VII

  máttig hǫfuð áttar
  ‘mighty heads of the nation’ = Eysteinn, Sigurðr, Ingi
  mighty heads of the nation. → Eysteinn, Sigurðr, Ingi

  Eysteinn, Sigurðr, Ingi, sons of Haraldr IV gilli Magnússon
  . heads of the family

• ESk Geisl 9^VII

  yfirmaðr allrar alþýðu lærðra
  ‘the superior of the whole multitude of learned men’ = BISHOP
  the whole multitude of learned men — → CLERICS
  the superior of CLERICS → BISHOP

  bishop
  2. ruler of clerics

• ESk Geisl 9^VII

  allrar alþýða lærðra
  ‘of the whole multitude of learned men’ = CLERICS
  the whole multitude of learned men — → CLERICS

  clerics
  . crowd of learned men

• ESk Geisl 9^VII

  fagran vinr tyggja rǫðuls
  ‘the beautiful friend of the king of the sun’ = Óláfr
  the king of the sun; → God
  the beautiful friend of GOD → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  3.2. friend of God

• ESk Geisl 9^VII

  tyggi rǫðuls
  ‘of the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun; → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 10^VII

  allra vallrjóðandi
  ‘of all field-reddeners’ = WARRIORS
  all field-reddeners. → WARRIORS

  warrior
  10.3. stainer of the field

• ESk Geisl 11^VII

  þreklynds þegn Krists
  ‘of the strong-minded thane of Christ’ = Óláfr
  the strong-minded thane of Christ; → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  3.1. man of Christ

• ESk Geisl 12^VII

  þengill mœra
  ‘of the lord of the mœrir’ = Óláfr
  the lord of the Mœrir; → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 12^VII

  helgum jǫfurr fira
  ‘to the holy king of men’ = Óláfr
  to the holy king of men. → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  4. ruler of men

• ESk Geisl 13^VII

  móðr munnrjóðr Hugins
  ‘the brave mouth-reddener of Huginn’ = WARRIOR
  The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.1.03. stainer of the bird of battlefield

• ESk Geisl 13^VII

  liðgegn lofðungr þrœnda
  ‘the prince of the þrœndir, fair with men’ = Óláfr
  The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 14^VII

  fullhugaðr folkvaldr
  ‘the very wise army-ruler’ = Óláfr
  the very wise army-ruler → Óláfr

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  3.1. commander of the army

• ESk Geisl 14^VII

  dynr skjalda
  ‘the din of shields’ = BATTLE
  the din of shields → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.3. din of shields

• ESk Geisl 15^VII

  konungr rauma
  ‘the king of the raumar’ = Óláfr
  the king of the Raumar → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 15^VII

  gramr hǫrða
  ‘the king of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
  The king of the Hǫrðar, → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 16^VII

  stríðandi látrs ins døkkva hrøkkviseiðs lyngs
  ‘the enemy of the lair of the dark coiling fish of the heather’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the dark coiling fish of the heather → SNAKE
  the lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
  the enemy of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.01.1. destroyer of gold

• ESk Geisl 16^VII

  látr ins døkkva hrøkkviseiðs lyngs
  ‘of the lair of the dark coiling fish of the heather’ = GOLD
  the dark coiling fish of the heather → SNAKE
  the lair of the SNAKE → GOLD

  gold
  3.1.2. lair of the serpent (A3)

• ESk Geisl 16^VII

  ins døkkva hrøkkviseiðr lyngs
  ‘of the dark coiling fish of the heather’ = SNAKE
  the dark coiling fish of the heather → SNAKE

  serpent, snake
  1.1. fish or whale of the land (A1b)

• ESk Geisl 16^VII

  líknframr umgeypnandi alls heims
  ‘the outstandingly merciful encompasser [lit. holder in hand] of the whole world’ = God
  The outstandingly merciful encompasser [lit. holder in hand] of the whole world, → God

  God
  4.1. encompasser of the world

• ESk Geisl 17^VII

  víðlendr lituðr almreyrs
  ‘the widely-landed reddener of the elm-reed’ = WARRIOR
  the elm-reed → ARROW
  the widely-landed reddener of the ARROW → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.03. stainer of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 17^VII

  almreyr
  ‘of the elm-reed’ = ARROW
  the elm-reed → ARROW

  arrow
  1.3. reed of the bow

• ESk Geisl 17^VII

  hvassan branddrífr
  ‘the brave sword-driver’ = WARRIOR
  the brave sword-driver → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.01. mover of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 18^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 18^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 19^VII

  beiðir baugskjalda
  ‘the desirer of ring-shields’ = WARRIOR
  the desirer of ring-shields → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.08. demander of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 19^VII

  grundar salvǫrðr
  ‘hall-guardian of earth’ = God
  the hall of earth → SKY/HEAVEN
  the guardian of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  God
  2.1. guardian of heaven

• ESk Geisl 19^VII

  grundar salr
  ‘of the hall of earth’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the hall of earth → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  1.3. house of the land

• ESk Geisl 19^VII

  harri hauðrtjalda
  ‘of the lord of earth-tents’ = God
  earth-tents; → SKY/HEAVEN
  the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  Jesus Christ
  1.01. lord of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 19^VII

  hauðrtjald
  ‘of earth-tents’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  earth-tents; → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  3.1. tent of the land

• ESk Geisl 19^VII

  máltól
  ‘speech-tools’ = ORGANS OF SPEECH
  speech-tools → ORGANS OF SPEECH

  organs of speech
  1. tools of speech (A1a)

• ESk Geisl 20^VII

  broddrjóðr
  ‘the point-reddener’ = WARRIOR
  the point-reddener → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.03. stainer of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 20^VII

  sendir lǫgskíðs
  ‘of the sender of the sea-ski’ = SEAFARER
  the sea-ski → SHIP
  the sender of the SHIP → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.01.5. sender of the ship

• ESk Geisl 20^VII

  lǫgskíð
  ‘of the sea-ski’ = SHIP
  the sea-ski → SHIP

  ship, boat
  2.1. ski of the sea

• ESk Geisl 21^VII

  ítr grœðari alls
  ‘the glorious healer of all’ = God
  The glorious healer of all → God

  God
  . healer of all

• ESk Geisl 21^VII

  dróttinn hǫrða
  ‘of the lord of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
  the lord of the Hǫrðar → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 21^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 21^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 22^VII

  særandi hrings
  ‘the wounders of the ring’ = GENEROUS MEN
  the wounders of the ring → GENEROUS MEN

  generous man
  1.05.2. wounder of the ring

• ESk Geisl 22^VII

  dróttinn sygna
  ‘the lord of the sygnir’ = Óláfr
  the lord of the Sygnir, → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 23^VII

  blindr njótr auðar
  ‘a blind enjoyer of wealth’ = MAN
  A blind enjoyer of wealth → MAN

  male, man
  3.04. enjoyer of riches

• ESk Geisl 23^VII

  árr orms landa
  ‘the messenger of the serpent’s lands’ = MAN
  the serpent’s lands → GOLD
  The messenger of the GOLD → MAN

  male, man
  . messenger of gold

• ESk Geisl 23^VII

  orms landa
  ‘of the serpent’s lands’ = GOLD
  the serpent’s lands → GOLD

  gold
  3.1.1. land of the serpent (A3)

• ESk Geisl 23^VII

  sjónbraut sínar
  ‘his sight-paths’ = EYES
  his sight-paths → EYES

  eye
  2. place of vision (A3)

• ESk Geisl 24^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 24^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 25^VII

  týnir tandrauðs fasta strætis vala
  ‘the destroyer of the flame-red fire of the street of hawks’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the street of hawks → ARM
  the flame-red fire of the ARM → GOLD
  the destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.01.1. destroyer of gold

• ESk Geisl 25^VII

  tandrauðs fasti strætis vala
  ‘of the flame-red fire of the street of hawks’ = GOLD
  the street of hawks → ARM
  the flame-red fire of the ARM → GOLD

  gold
  2.1.1. fire of the arm/hand (A1)

• ESk Geisl 25^VII

  stræti vala
  ‘of the street of hawks’ = ARM
  the street of hawks → ARM

  arm, hand
  1.1.3. path of the bird of prey (A3)

• ESk Geisl 25^VII

  dýrr dróttinn harra
  ‘the dear lord of princes’ = God
  the dear lord of princes → God

  God
  1.3.1. lord of princes

• ESk Geisl 25^VII

  dáðmilds nistandi ulfs
  ‘of the good-performing feeder of the wolf’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
  the good-performing feeder of the wolf → WARRIOR = Óláfr

  warrior
  3.2.1. feeder of the wolf

• ESk Geisl 26^VII

  hlýra orða
  ‘of the ship-bow of words’ = TONGUE
  the ship-bow of words → TONGUE

  tongue
  1.5. ship-bow of speech (A1)

• ESk Geisl 26^VII

  folksterks fylkir egða
  ‘of the army-strong leader of the egðir’ = Óláfr
  the army-strong leader of the Egðir → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 27^VII

  faðir Magnúss ins góða
  ‘to the father of Magnús the good’ = Óláfr
  to the father of Magnús the Good; → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  1.4. father of Magnús inn góði Óláfsson

• ESk Geisl 27^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 27^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 28^VII

  søkkvir sólar straums
  ‘the enemy of the sun of the stream’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the sun of the stream → GOLD
  The enemy of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  . sinker of gold

• ESk Geisl 28^VII

  sól straums
  ‘of the sun of the stream’ = GOLD
  the sun of the stream → GOLD

  gold
  1.3. heavenly body of waters (A1)

• ESk Geisl 28^VII

  vald foldar
  ‘the strength of the land’ = Óláfr
  the strength of the land → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)

• ESk Geisl 29^VII

  áta Hugins
  ‘with the food of Huginn’ = CORPSES
  with the food of Huginn; → CORPSES

  corpse, slain
  1.1. food of the raven/eagle

• ESk Geisl 29^VII

  kennir malmþings
  ‘the tester of the weapon-meeting’ = WARRIOR
  the weapon-meeting → BATTLE
  the tester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.6. master of battle

• ESk Geisl 29^VII

  malmþing
  ‘of the weapon-meeting’ = BATTLE
  the weapon-meeting → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1. meeting of weapons

• ESk Geisl 30^VII

  snjallr spjalli lausnara
  ‘the brave confidant of the saviour’ = Óláfr
  the brave confidant of the Saviour → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  3.1. man of Christ

• ESk Geisl 30^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 30^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 31^VII

  undreyr
  ‘wound-reeds’ = ARROWS
  wound-reeds → ARROWS

  arrow, spear
  2.1. reeds of the wound

• ESk Geisl 32^VII

  heiptar mildr lestir linns grundar
  ‘the strife-generous damager of the snake’s land’ = GENEROUS MAN = Gutthormr
  the snake’s land → GOLD
  the strife-generous damager of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Gutthormr

  generous man
  1.01.1. destroyer of gold

• ESk Geisl 32^VII

  linns grund
  ‘of the snake’s land’ = GOLD
  the snake’s land → GOLD

  gold
  3.1.1. land of the serpent (A3)

• ESk Geisl 32^VII

  hlýri móður
  ‘the brother of [his] mother’ = Óláfr
  the brother of [his] mother → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)

• ESk Geisl 33^VII

  litrauðs blik unnar
  ‘with the red-coloured light of the wave’ = GOLD
  with the red-coloured light of the wave, → GOLD

  gold
  1.2. gleam, shine of waters (A1)

• ESk Geisl 33^VII

  limr Krists
  ‘the limb of Christ’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  the limb of Christ. → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.3. limb of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 33^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 33^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 34^VII

  konungs niðr
  ‘the king’s relative’ = Gutthormr
  the king’s relative → Gutthormr

  Gutthormr Gunnhildarson

• ESk Geisl 36^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 36^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 37^VII

  gǫfug Hǫrn hvítings
  ‘a noble Hǫrn of the drinking horn’ = WOMAN
  A noble Hǫrn of the drinking horn → WOMAN

  female, woman
  7.1. female mythical being of drinking vessel (B2b)

• ESk Geisl 37^VII

  aumum beiðir auðar
  ‘of a poor seeker of riches’ = MAN
  a poor seeker of riches → MAN

  male, man
  3.02.1. demander of riches

• ESk Geisl 37^VII

  þann njótr hodda
  ‘that user of treasure’ = MAN
  that user of treasure, → MAN

  male, man
  3.04. enjoyer of riches

• ESk Geisl 38^VII

  sá stríðir malma
  ‘that enemy of weapons’ = WARRIOR = Kolbeinn
  that enemy of weapons → WARRIOR = Kolbeinn

  warrior
  1.7.02.3. harmer of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 38^VII

  harmskerðandi
  ‘of the harm-diminisher’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  the harm-diminisher, → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  5. destroyer of grief

• ESk Geisl 38^VII

  sløngvir vangs slungins snáka
  ‘the distributor of the field of the coiled snake’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the field of the coiled snake. → GOLD
  the distributor of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  2.3.1. flinger of gold

• ESk Geisl 38^VII

  vangr slungins snáka
  ‘of the field of the coiled snake’ = GOLD
  the field of the coiled snake. → GOLD

  gold
  3.1.1. land of the serpent (A3)

• ESk Geisl 39^VII

  mildingr hǫrða
  ‘of the king of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
  the king of the Hǫrðar → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 39^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 39^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 40^VII

  skerðir Niðbranda
  ‘the diminisher of Nið-flames’ = GENEROUS MAN
  Nið-flames → GOLD
  the diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.01.1. destroyer of gold

• ESk Geisl 40^VII

  Niðbrandr
  ‘of Nið-flames’ = GOLD
  Nið-flames → GOLD

  gold
  1.1.2.1. fire of the river (A1)

• ESk Geisl 40^VII

  grund gjalfrs
  ‘of the land of ocean-din’ = SEA
  the land of ocean-din; → SEA

  sea
  5.1. land of the sea

• ESk Geisl 40^VII

  ár óðar
  ‘the oar of poetry’ = TONGUE
  the oar of poetry → TONGUE

  tongue
  1.2. oar, rudder of speech (A1)

• ESk Geisl 40^VII

  auðskýfandi
  ‘of the distributor of riches’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the distributor of riches, → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  . cutter of wealth

• ESk Geisl 41^VII

  unnar skíðrennandi
  ‘ski-runner of the wave’ = SEAFARER
  the ski of the wave → SHIP
  The runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.01.2. impeller of the ship

• ESk Geisl 41^VII

  unnar skíð
  ‘of the ski of the wave’ = SHIP
  the ski of the wave → SHIP

  ship, boat
  2.1. ski of the sea

• ESk Geisl 41^VII

  ból dreka
  ‘with the dwelling of the dragon’ = GOLD
  with the dwelling of the dragon; → GOLD

  gold
  3.1.2. lair of the serpent (A3)

• ESk Geisl 42^VII

  dómari heims
  ‘the judge of the world’ = God
  The judge of the world → God

  God
  . judge of the world

• ESk Geisl 42^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 42^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 43^VII

  galdr vápna
  ‘the chant of weapons’ = BATTLE
  the chant of weapons, → BATTLE

  battle
  6.01.1. incantation of weapons

• ESk Geisl 43^VII

  þengill rauma
  ‘the king of the raumar’ = Óláfr
  the king of the Raumar → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• ESk Geisl 43^VII

  þunnvaxin ský gunnar
  ‘the thin-grown clouds of battle’ = SHIELDS
  the thin-grown clouds of battle → SHIELDS

  shield
  2.1.1. cloud of battle

• ESk Geisl 43^VII

  ilbleikum orri hjaldrs
  ‘to the pale-footed blackcock of battle’ = RAVEN
  to the pale-footed blackcock of battle → RAVEN

  eagle
  2.1. (grey or pale-footed) bird of the battlefield (A2)

• ESk Geisl 43^VII

  þeim rǫðull valbastar
  ‘with that sun of the sword-hilt’ = SWORD
  With that sun of the sword-hilt → SWORD

  sword
  1.3.5. heavenly body of the sword

• ESk Geisl 44^VII

  inn frœkni kundr fylkis
  ‘the brave descendant of a king’ = Óláfr
  the brave descendant of a king → Óláfr

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  2.1. descendant of a ruler

• ESk Geisl 44^VII

  ins hôva gunndjarfs stríðandi hrings
  ‘of the tall, battle-eager enemy of the ring’ = GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
  the tall, battle-eager enemy of the ring → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr

  generous man
  1.01.2. destroyer of rings

• ESk Geisl 45^VII

  jǫfurr fyrða
  ‘the prince of men’ = Óláfr
  the prince of men, → Óláfr

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.1. lord of people

• ESk Geisl 45^VII

  armglóð
  ‘arm-embers’ = GOLD
  arm-embers; → GOLD

  gold
  2.1.1. fire of the arm/hand (A1)

• ESk Geisl 45^VII

  guðs riddari
  ‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.1. knight of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 45^VII

  gramr sólar
  ‘the king of the sun’ = God
  the king of the sun. → God

  God
  1.2. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 46^VII

  lofðungr ranns himintungla
  ‘of the prince of the house of heavenly bodies’ = God
  the house of heavenly bodies, → SKY/HEAVEN
  the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  Jesus Christ
  1.01. lord of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 46^VII

  rann himintungla
  ‘of the house of heavenly bodies’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the house of heavenly bodies, → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  1.2. house of the heavenly body

• ESk Geisl 47^VII

  glaðr glaumkennandi gunnar
  ‘the happy noise-tester of battle’ = WARRIOR
  The happy noise-tester of battle → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.6. master of battle

• ESk Geisl 47^VII

  hála herðum naðr véttrima*
  ‘with the well-hardened snake of sword-rings’ = SWORD
  with the well-hardened snake of sword-rings → SWORD

  sword
  2.6. snake of the sword

• ESk Geisl 47^VII

  ítrs landreka
  ‘of the splendid land-ruler’ = Byzantine emperor
  the splendid land-ruler → Byzantine emperor

  questionable kennings

• ESk Geisl 48^VII

  styrks, roðins galli steindrar borgar mundriða
  ‘the strong, reddened destruction of the stained stronghold of the sword-hilt’ = SWORD
  the stained stronghold of the sword-hilt → SHIELD
  the strong, reddened destruction of the SHIELD → SWORD

  sword
  9.1.1. harm of the shield

• ESk Geisl 48^VII

  steindrar borg mundriða
  ‘of the stained stronghold of the sword-hilt’ = SHIELD
  the stained stronghold of the sword-hilt → SHIELD

  shield
  . fortification of the sword

• ESk Geisl 48^VII

  nýtr seimþiggjandi
  ‘the useful gold-receiver’ = MAN
  The useful gold-receiver → MAN

  male, man
  . receiver of riches

• ESk Geisl 48^VII

  gómsparri gylðis kind
  ‘the gum-spar of the wolf’s offspring’ = SWORD
  the gum-spar of the wolf’s offspring → SWORD

  sword
  13. mythological

• ESk Geisl 49^VII

  ríkr, þjóðnýtr bróðir Haralds
  ‘the powerful, very bountiful brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
  The powerful, very bountiful brother of Haraldr → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  1.3. brother of Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson

• ESk Geisl 49^VII

  þeima Reifnis rauknstefnandi
  ‘to that ox-driver of Reifnir’ = SEAFARER
  the ox of Reifnir → SHIP
  to that driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.01.1. steerer of the ship

• ESk Geisl 49^VII

  Reifnis raukn
  ‘of the ox of Reifnir’ = SHIP
  the ox of Reifnir → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.3.1.2. other working animal of the sea-king

• ESk Geisl 49^VII

  þingdjarfs snyrtir bauga
  ‘of the battle-brave polisher of rings’ = MAN = Óláfr
  the battle-brave polisher of rings → MAN = Óláfr

  male, man
  3.07. polisher of riches

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  valdr alls
  ‘the ruler of all’ = Byzantine emperor
  the ruler of all → Byzantine emperor

  Byzantine emperor
  . ruler of all

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  eisa môs jarðar
  ‘with the fire of the gull’s land’ = GOLD
  the gull’s land → SEA
  with the fire of the SEA → GOLD

  gold
  1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1)

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  môs jǫrð
  ‘of the gull’s land’ = SEA
  the gull’s land → SEA

  sea
  6.1. land of the aquatic bird

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  tól bragar
  ‘with the tools of poetry’ = ORGANS OF SPEECH
  with the tools of poetry. → ORGANS OF SPEECH

  organs of speech
  1. tools of speech (A1a)

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  yfirskjǫldungr jǫfra
  ‘the supreme king of princes’ = Byzantine emperor
  The supreme king of princes → Byzantine emperor

  Byzantine emperor
  . supreme king of princes

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  grand garðs oddhríðar
  ‘the harm of the yard of the point-storm’ = SWORD
  the point-storm → BATTLE
  the yard of the BATTLE → SHIELD
  the harm of the SHIELD → SWORD

  sword
  9.1.1. harm of the shield

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  garðr oddhríðar
  ‘of the yard of the point-storm’ = SHIELD
  the point-storm → BATTLE
  the yard of the BATTLE → SHIELD

  shield
  6.1. enclosure of battle

• ESk Geisl 50^VII

  oddhríð
  ‘of the point-storm’ = BATTLE
  the point-storm → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1. shower of weapons

• ESk Geisl 51^VII

  Haralds margþarfr arfi
  ‘Haraldr’s very useful heir’ = Óláfr
  Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  1.2. heir of Haraldr inn grenski

• ESk Geisl 51^VII

  brandél
  ‘sword-showers’ = BATTLES
  sword-showers → BATTLES

  battle
  1.2.1.1. shower of swords

• ESk Geisl 51^VII

  dagræfr
  ‘the day-roof’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the day-roof; you, → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  4.3. roof of the daylight

• ESk Geisl 52^VII

  már gunnar
  ‘the gull of battle’ = RAVEN
  the gull of battle → RAVEN

  raven/eagle
  1.1. bird of battle (A2)

• ESk Geisl 52^VII

  gǫll geira
  ‘the noise of spears’ = BATTLE
  the noise of spears. → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.2. din of spears

• ESk Geisl 52^VII

  hjalmskœð hríð Hamðis klæða
  ‘the helmet-harming storm of Hamðir’s clothing’ = BATTLE
  Hamðir’s clothing → ARMOUR
  the helmet-harming storm of the ARMOUR → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.2.2. shower of the mail-coat

• ESk Geisl 52^VII

  Hamðis klæði
  ‘of Hamðir’s clothing’ = ARMOUR
  Hamðir’s clothing → ARMOUR

  armour
  . clothing of the legendary hero

• ESk Geisl 53^VII

  hryggs lagar eldbroti
  ‘sorrowful flame-breaker of the sea’ = GENEROUS RULER = Byzantine king
  the flame of the sea → GOLD
  the sorrowful breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS RULER = Byzantine king

  generous man
  1.02.1. breaker of gold

• ESk Geisl 53^VII

  lagar eldr
  ‘of the flame of the sea’ = GOLD
  the flame of the sea → GOLD

  gold
  1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1)

• ESk Geisl 53^VII

  byrr branda
  ‘the fair breeze of swords’ = BATTLE
  the fair breeze of swords; → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.1.1. storm/wind of the sword

• ESk Geisl 53^VII

  veðr rǫðuls barðraukns
  ‘the storm of the sun of the prow-ox’ = BATTLE
  the prow-ox. → SHIP
  the sun of the SHIP → SHIELD
  the storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.1.2. storm/wind of the shield

• ESk Geisl 53^VII

  rǫðull barðraukns
  ‘of the sun of the prow-ox’ = SHIELD
  the prow-ox. → SHIP
  the sun of the SHIP → SHIELD

  shield
  1.01. heavenly body of the ship

• ESk Geisl 53^VII

  barðraukn
  ‘of the prow-ox’ = SHIP
  the prow-ox. → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.2.1.2. other working animal of the ship

• ESk Geisl 54^VII

  gnýr stála
  ‘the noise of steel weapons’ = BATTLE
  the noise of steel weapons — → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1. din of weapons

• ESk Geisl 54^VII

  eyðir ógnar
  ‘of the destroyer of terror’ = RULER = Byzantine emperor
  the destroyer of terror → RULER = Byzantine emperor

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  . destroyer of terror

• ESk Geisl 54^VII

  flug ǫrva
  ‘the flight of arrows’ = BATTLE
  the flight of arrows; → BATTLE

  battle
  9.1. flight of weapons

• ESk Geisl 54^VII

  Reifnis rann
  ‘Reifnir’s houses’ = SHIELDS
  Reifnir’s houses, → SHIELDS

  shield
  9.3. house of the sea-king

• ESk Geisl 54^VII

  undbára
  ‘with the wound-wave’ = BLOOD
  with the wound-wave, → BLOOD

  blood
  1.1. liquid of wounds (A2)

• ESk Geisl 55^VII

  hjalm-Njǫrðungr
  ‘to the helmet-Nirðir’ = WARRIORS
  to the helmet-Nirðir → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.5.1. male mythical being of the helmet

• ESk Geisl 55^VII

  regn stáls
  ‘the rain of steel’ = BATTLE
  the rain of steel → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1. shower of weapons

• ESk Geisl 55^VII

  valr sunda brimi*s
  ‘the falcon of the bays of the sword’ = RAVEN
  the bays of the sword. → BLOOD
  the falcon of the BLOOD → RAVEN

  raven/eagle
  1.2. bird of blood (A2)

• ESk Geisl 55^VII

  sund brimi*s
  ‘of the bays of the sword’ = BLOOD
  the bays of the sword. → BLOOD

  blood
  1.2. liquid of the weapon (A2)

• ESk Geisl 56^VII

  øngr sløngvir brimloga
  ‘no slinger of sea-fire’ = GENEROUS MAN
  sea-fire → GOLD
  No slinger of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  2.3.1. flinger of gold

• ESk Geisl 56^VII

  brimlogi
  ‘of sea-fire’ = GOLD
  sea-fire → GOLD

  gold
  1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1)

• ESk Geisl 57^VII

  læknir heims
  ‘the healer of the world’ = God
  the healer of the world → God

  God
  . healer of the world

• ESk Geisl 58^VII

  þjónn mildings angrfyldrar aldar
  ‘the servant of the king of sinful humankind’ = PRIEST = Ríkarðr
  the king of sinful humankind → God
  The servant of GOD → PRIEST = Ríkarðr

  priest
  1. servant of God

• ESk Geisl 58^VII

  mildingr angrfyldrar aldar
  ‘of the king of sinful humankind’ = God
  the king of sinful humankind → God

  God
  1.3. lord of people

• ESk Geisl 59^VII

  marglitandi eggja
  ‘frequent-stainers of blades’ = WARRIORS = Einarr and Andréas
  Frequent-stainers of blades → WARRIORS = Einarr and Andréas

  warrior
  1.7.03. stainer of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 59^VII

  himintungl heila
  ‘the heavenly bodies of the brain’ = EYES
  the heavenly bodies of the brain → EYES

  eye
  1.1. light of the head (A1b)

• ESk Geisl 60^VII

  auðskiptir
  ‘the wealth-distributor’ = MAN
  The wealth-distributor → MAN

  generous man
  2.1. distributor of wealth

• ESk Geisl 61^VII

  guðs þræll
  ‘god’s servant’ = PRIEST
  God’s servant → PRIEST

  priest
  1. servant of God

• ESk Geisl 62^VII

  dyggr váttr dýrðar
  ‘the valiant witness of glory’ = MARTYR
  The valiant witness of glory → MARTYR

  martyr
  . witness of glory

• ESk Geisl 62^VII

  vinr lausnara
  ‘the friend of the saviour’ = SAINT
  the friend of the Saviour, → SAINT

  holy man, saint
  1.2. friend of God

• ESk Geisl 63^VII

  hraustr fárskerðandi fyrða
  ‘the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men’ = SAINT
  the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men → SAINT

  holy man, saint
  5. destroyer of grief

• ESk Geisl 63^VII

  valdr himna
  ‘of the ruler of the heavens’ = God
  the ruler of the heavens, → God

  God
  1.1. lord of heaven

• ESk Geisl 64^VII

  lofðungr ljóss vegs byrjar
  ‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind’ = God
  the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
  the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  God
  1.1. lord of heaven

• ESk Geisl 64^VII

  ljóss vegr byrjar
  ‘of the bright path of fair wind’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  7.3. path of the storm

• ESk Geisl 64^VII

  heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar
  ‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall’ = God
  the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
  the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  God
  1.1. lord of heaven

• ESk Geisl 64^VII

  hreggsalr
  ‘of the storm-hall’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  1.1.1. house of storm/wind

• ESk Geisl 65^VII

  snarr tyggi sólar
  ‘the quick prince of the sun’ = God
  the quick prince of the sun → God

  Jesus Christ
  1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies

• ESk Geisl 65^VII

  gervir himna
  ‘of the maker of the heavens’ = God
  the maker of the heavens; → God

  Jesus Christ
  4.1. creator of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 65^VII

  yfirskjǫldungr aldar
  ‘supreme king of men’ = God
  supreme king of men, → God

  God
  1.3. lord of people

• ESk Geisl 66^VII

  himna salkonungs ítrum limr
  ‘the bright limb of the hall-king of the heavens’ = SAINT = Óláfr
  the hall of the heavens; → SKY/HEAVEN
  the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
  the bright limb of GOD → SAINT = Óláfr

  holy man, saint
  1.3. limb of God/Christ

• ESk Geisl 66^VII

  himna salkonungr
  ‘of the king of the hall of the heavens’ = God
  the hall of the heavens; → SKY/HEAVEN
  the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  Jesus Christ
  1.01. lord of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 66^VII

  himna salr
  ‘of the hall of the heavens’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the hall of the heavens; → SKY/HEAVEN

  heaven (Christian)
  3.1. hall of the heavens

• ESk Geisl 67^VII

  órum stóll bragar
  ‘our [my] seat of poetry’ = MOUTH
  our [my] seat of poetry. → MOUTH

  mouth
  1.1. place of speech (A3)

• ESk Geisl 67^VII

  siklingr bóls heiðbjartrar sólar
  ‘of the lord of the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun’ = Óláfr
  the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun, → SKY/HEAVEN
  the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  3.4. ruler of sky/heaven

• ESk Geisl 67^VII

  ból heiðbjartrar sólar
  ‘of the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun, → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  8.1. abode of the sun

• ESk Geisl 68^VII

  nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara
  ‘the well-known old friend of the saviour’ = Óláfr
  the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr

  Óláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
  3.1. man of Christ

• ESk Geisl 68^VII

  veljandi skýs víga
  ‘choosers of the cloud of battle’ = WARRIORS
  the cloud of battle → SHIELD
  choosers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

  warrior
  . chooser of the weapon

• ESk Geisl 68^VII

  ský víga
  ‘of the cloud of battle’ = SHIELD
  the cloud of battle → SHIELD

  shield
  2.1.1. cloud of battle

• ESk Geisl 69^VII

  gœðir þrimu hræsíks
  ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish’ = WARRIORS
  the corpse-fish. → SWORD
  the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
  the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

  warrior
  2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

• ESk Geisl 69^VII

  þrima hræsíks
  ‘of the storm of the corpse-fish’ = BATTLE
  the corpse-fish. → SWORD
  the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.1. din of swords

• ESk Geisl 69^VII

  hræsík
  ‘of the corpse-fish’ = SWORD
  the corpse-fish. → SWORD

  sword
  5.4. fish of the corpse

• ESk Geisl 70^VII

  brandr baugness
  ‘with the fires of the bracelet-headland’ = GOLD
  the bracelet-headland — → ARM
  with the fires of the ARM → GOLD

  gold
  2.1.1. fire of the arm/hand (A1)

• ESk Geisl 70^VII

  baugnes
  ‘of the bracelet-headland’ = ARM
  the bracelet-headland — → ARM

  arm, hand
  2.1. place of the ring (A3)

• ESk Geisl 70^VII

  Hildar leikrmildr
  ‘generous with the play of Hildr’ = BATTLE
  generous with the play of Hildr [lit. play-generous of Hildr] → BATTLE

  battle
  4.2. play of Hildr

• ESk Geisl 71^VII

  vísi hôs vagnræfrs
  ‘of the king of the high wagon-roof’ = God
  the high wagon-roof; → SKY/HEAVEN
  the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

  God
  1.1. lord of heaven

• ESk Geisl 71^VII

  hôs vagnræfr
  ‘of the high wagon-roof’ = SKY/HEAVEN
  the high wagon-roof; → SKY/HEAVEN

  sky/heaven
  4.5. roof of Ursa Major