ESk Geisl 64VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 64’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 59.
Hverrs ‘Who is’
(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
svá ‘so’
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svá (adv.): so, thus
horskr ‘wise’
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horskr (adj.; °compar. -ari): wise
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
hyrjar ‘///’
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hyrr (noun m.): fire
byrjar ‘of fair wind’
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
[1] byrjar: so Bb, hyrjar Flat
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[1] byrjar ‘of fair wind’: Bb’s reading is superior to Flat’s hyrjar ‘of fire’ because the latter produces three alliterative staves rather than the expected two. Additionally, the heaven-kenning produced with this reading, ljóss vegs hyrjar ‘of the bright path of fire’ (ll. 1, 2, 3), is abnormal (cf. Meissner, 106).
byrjar ‘of fair wind’
(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
[1] byrjar: so Bb, hyrjar Flat
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[1] byrjar ‘of fair wind’: Bb’s reading is superior to Flat’s hyrjar ‘of fire’ because the latter produces three alliterative staves rather than the expected two. Additionally, the heaven-kenning produced with this reading, ljóss vegs hyrjar ‘of the bright path of fire’ (ll. 1, 2, 3), is abnormal (cf. Meissner, 106).
háss ‘///’
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háss (adj.): [hoarse]
hans ‘his’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[2] hans: háss Bb
vegs ‘path’
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1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side
[2] vegs: so Bb, veg Flat
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
vegs ‘path’
(not checked:)
1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side
[2] vegs: so Bb, veg Flat
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
megi ‘can’
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mega (verb): may, might
segja ‘tell’
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segja (verb): say, tell
ljóss ‘of the bright’
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ljóss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
ljóss ‘of the bright’
(not checked:)
ljóss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
lífi ‘life’
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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life
lofðungs ‘of the prince’
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lofðungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, leader
kennings
lofðungs ljóss vegs byrjar‘of the prince of the bright path of fair wind ’
= God
the bright path of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
gjafar ‘of the gifts’
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gjǫf (noun f.): gift
hregg ‘of the storm’
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hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggsalr (noun m.)
[5] hreggsalar hyggjum: hims ok himna Bb
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
hregg ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggsalr (noun m.)
[5] hreggsalar hyggjum: hims ok himna Bb
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
hims ‘///’
himna ‘of the heavens’
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
salar ‘hall’
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1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall < hreggsalr (noun m.)
[5] hreggsalar hyggjum: hims ok himna Bb
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
salar ‘hall’
(not checked:)
1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall < hreggsalr (noun m.)
[5] hreggsalar hyggjum: hims ok himna Bb
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
hyggjum ‘we think’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
[5] hreggsalar hyggjum: hims ok himna Bb
heit ‘the oath’
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heit (noun n.; °; -): promise < heitfastr (adj.): pledge-firm
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
fastr ‘firm’
(not checked:)
fastr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): firm, fast < heitfastr (adj.): pledge-firm
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
jǫfurr ‘king’
(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
kennings
heitfastr jǫfurr hreggsalar‘the oath-firm king of the storm-hall ’
= God
the storm-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the oath-firm king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
veitir ‘gives’
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veitir (noun m.): giver
of ‘too’
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2. of (adv.): too, off
skreytt ‘see’
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skreyta (verb): adorn
er ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
dróttinn ‘the lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
dróttinn ‘’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
skrín ‘shrine’
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skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine
þínum ‘to your’
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
dýrðar ‘honours’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
vin ‘friend’
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
þínum ‘’
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
sínum ‘to his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
[8] sínum: þínum Bb
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
[5-8]: The second helmingr differs substantially between Flat and Bb, and neither is fully satisfactory. Here Flat’s version is followed, beginning with a subordinate cl., (‘in this life, where’) and assuming a suppressed at (which is quite irregular), while Bb’s (followed by Skj B and Skald), begins with the rel. pron. þær es (f. pl.), referring directly back to gjafar (l. 4). Following the Bb text (with minor emendation of ‘hims’ to heims in l. 5 and skrín to skríns in l. 8) gives the following sense: þærs heitfastr jǫfurr heims ok himna veitir sínum dýrðarvin – skreytt skríns of dróttin skatna ‘(the gifts) which the oath-firm king of the world and the heavens grants to his honoured friend – an ornamented shrine stands [lit. is] above the lord of men’.
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