ESk Geisl 51VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 51’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 48-9.
Tôkn ‘signs’
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tákn (noun n.; °-s; -): token
eru ‘are’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
bjǫrt ‘clear’
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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
s ‘which’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
brand ‘sword’
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire < brandél (noun n.): sword-storm
kennings
brandél‘sword-showers ’
= BATTLES
sword-showers → BATTLES
él ‘showers’
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < brandél (noun n.): sword-storm
kennings
brandél‘sword-showers ’
= BATTLES
sword-showers → BATTLES
mærð ‘///’
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mærð (noun f.): praise
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
Girklandi ‘Greece’
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Girkland (noun n.): [Greece]
mærð ‘’
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mærð (noun f.): praise
um ‘about’
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1. um (prep.): about, around
finnsk ‘arises’
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2. finna (verb): find, meet
mǫnnum ‘among men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
marg ‘very’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many < margþarfr (adj.)
[4] margþarfr: ‘marg þarfr’ corrected from ‘marg þꜳþr’ Flat, ‘man þarfr’ Bb
kennings
Haralds margþarfr arfi‘Haraldr’s very useful heir ’
= Óláfr
Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr
þarfr ‘useful’
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þarfr (adj.): necessary, useful < margþarfr (adj.)
[4] margþarfr: ‘marg þarfr’ corrected from ‘marg þꜳþr’ Flat, ‘man þarfr’ Bb
kennings
Haralds margþarfr arfi‘Haraldr’s very useful heir ’
= Óláfr
Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr
Haralds ‘Haraldr’s’
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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr
kennings
Haralds margþarfr arfi‘Haraldr’s very useful heir ’
= Óláfr
Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr
notes
[4] Haralds arfi ‘Haraldr’s heir’: A reference to Óláfr’s father Haraldr grenski (‘the one from Grenland’) and perhaps also an allusion to his ancestor Haraldr hárfagri (‘Fine-hair’), with whom Óláfr liked to associate himself, claiming that the kingdom of Norway established by Haraldr hárfagri was his rightful paternal inheritance (Hkr, ÍF 27, 44).
alls ‘of all’
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allr (adj.): all
arfi ‘heir’
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arfi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): heir, heiress
kennings
Haralds margþarfr arfi‘Haraldr’s very useful heir ’
= Óláfr
Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr
notes
[4] Haralds arfi ‘Haraldr’s heir’: A reference to Óláfr’s father Haraldr grenski (‘the one from Grenland’) and perhaps also an allusion to his ancestor Haraldr hárfagri (‘Fine-hair’), with whom Óláfr liked to associate himself, claiming that the kingdom of Norway established by Haraldr hárfagri was his rightful paternal inheritance (Hkr, ÍF 27, 44).
Fregnk ‘I hear’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
né ‘not’
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né (conj.): nor
ógnar ‘of battle’
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ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle
[5] ógnar: so Bb, ‘aungir’ Flat
innendr ‘doers’
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inna (verb): to pay, discharge, relate, tell; to announce, confirm
meguð ‘be able to’
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mega (verb): may, might
viðr ‘///’
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2. viða (verb): gain, bring about
finna ‘find’
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2. finna (verb): find, meet
dýrð ‘fame’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
Óláfs ‘Óláfr’s’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
viðr ‘’
dála ‘across’
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dála (adv.): completely
dag ‘the day’
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagræfr (noun n.)
kennings
dagræfrs,‘the day-roof; you, ’
= SKY/HEAVEN
the day-roof; you, → SKY/HEAVEN
notes
[8] dagræfrs (gen. sg.) ‘day-roof [SKY/HEAVEN]’: On the poetic use of the gen. to designate place, see NS §141.
ræfrs ‘roof’
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2. ræfr (noun n.): roof < dagræfr (noun n.)
kennings
dagræfrs,‘the day-roof; you, ’
= SKY/HEAVEN
the day-roof; you, → SKY/HEAVEN
notes
[8] dagræfrs (gen. sg.) ‘day-roof [SKY/HEAVEN]’: On the poetic use of the gen. to designate place, see NS §141.
konung ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
hæfra ‘a more worthy’
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hæfr (adj.): splendid
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[1-4]: Bb’s text is preferred here (as in Skj B and Skald), as Flat’s raises difficulties of w.o. (especially in l. 3) and sense. Chase 2005, 101 offers a reading based on Flat.
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