Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 34’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 34-5.
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
[1] Satts (‘Satt er’): so Bb, Satt var Flat
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4. at (conj.): that
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silfr (noun n.; °-s): silver
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skreyta (verb): adorn
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
[2] hollr ‘devoted’: Finnur Jónsson and Kock choose hollz, the Bb reading. Finnur construes, Gutthormr lét her gerva róðu grams, seggjum holls, skreytta silfri ok golli; þat es hróðr ‘Gutthormr had men make the cross of the king, true to men, adorned with silver and gold; that is praise’ (Skj B). Kock’s version is smoother: he construes seggjum holls grams with hróðr: ‘that is praise of the king, friendly to men’ (NN §§938 and 2247D). The Flat text can also be read as it stands, as given above.
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af (prep.): from
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gull (noun n.): gold
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hér (adv.): here
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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Guthormr: Gutthormr, Guthormr
[3] Gutthormr: so Bb, ‘guthorm’ Flat
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
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hróðr (noun m.): encomium, praise
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
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róða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [an image]
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
[5] Þat: slíkt Bb
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hafa (verb): have
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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1. minni (noun n.; °-s; -): memory
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meir (adv.): further, again
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jarteign (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): miracle
[6] þeira jartegna ‘of those miracles’: This phrase may be taken either with mark (l. 7), as here, or in the first cl. of helmingr b, with at minnum ‘as a reminder of those miracles’.
[6] þeira jartegna ‘of those miracles’: This phrase may be taken either with mark (l. 7), as here, or in the first cl. of helmingr b, with at minnum ‘as a reminder of those miracles’.
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mark (noun n.; °-s; *-): sign
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standa (verb): stand
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Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
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í (prep.): in, into
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
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kirkja (noun f.): church
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
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1. niðr (noun m.; °-s; niðjar/niðir, acc. niði): son, kinsman, relative
[8] niðr: so Bb, ‘[...]’ Flat
[8] niðr ‘relative’: According to earlier eds, Flat read viðr ‘wood’, which has obvious associations with the image of the Cross, but makes no sense as the only possible subject of gaf ‘gave’.
[8] gaf þat miðri: so Bb, ‘g[...]f [...]id[...]’ Flat
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miðr (adj.): middle, less, hardly
[8] gaf þat miðri: so Bb, ‘g[...]f [...]id[...]’ Flat
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
HómNo and ÓHLeg use language strikingly similar to this st. in their accounts of Gutthormr’s donation of the memorial cross: ok let gera þegar roðo ſva myccla ór ſilfri at allz coſtar er hon lengri ok mæri en manzvaxtar. ok pryddi þegar þeſ hælga manz húſ með þærri dyrð ſér til ſalo-bota. ok til minni ok fra-ſagnar iarteina þærra en hinn helgi Oláfr konungr gerði þa við hann ‘and he immediately had such a large silver image made, that it is at least taller and bigger than a man. And he immediately ornamented the house of this holy man with that treasure for the salvation of his soul and as a reminder and a record of the miracles which the holy King Óláfr performed then for him’ (HómNo, 113; cf. ÓHLeg 1982, 212). — [3, 4, 8]: Flat’s text is all but illegible in ll. 3, 4 and 8. In these cases, Bb is the only witness now, although earlier eds were able to read more of Flat. Skj A reports Flat’s viðr for Bb’s niðr in l. 8.
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