ESk Geisl 35VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 35’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 35-6.
Menn ‘Men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
hafa ‘have’
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hafa (verb): have
sagt ‘told’
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segja (verb): say, tell
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
svanni ‘a woman’
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svanni (noun m.): lady, woman
Skôneyjum ‘’
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Skáney (noun f.): Skåne
Skônungum ‘to the Skônungar’
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Skánungr (noun m.; °; -ar): one of the Skánungar
[2] Skônungum: Skneyjum Bb
kunnir ‘known’
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kunna (verb): know, can, be able
oss ‘us’
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
Óláfs ‘Óláfr’s’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
messu ‘feast day’
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1. messa (noun f.; °-u; -ur): mass
ó ‘’
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ó- ((prefix)): un- < ómildr (adj.): unmerciful, unkind
notes
[4] almilds (m. gen. sg.) ‘all-generous’: Cf. ‘sa mildi konungr’ (HómNo, 115); ‘sa milldr konongr’ (ÓHLeg 1982, 214).
milds ‘generous’
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous < almildr (adj.): all-generous
[4] almilds: ómildr Bb
notes
[4] almilds (m. gen. sg.) ‘all-generous’: Cf. ‘sa mildi konungr’ (HómNo, 115); ‘sa milldr konongr’ (ÓHLeg 1982, 214).
baka ‘to bake’
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2. baka (verb; °-að-): bake
vildi ‘wanted’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
Enn ‘Yet’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
þás ‘when’
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þás (conj.): when
brúðr ‘the woman’
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brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
brauði ‘bread’
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brauð (noun n.; °-s; -): bread
brenn ‘the burning’
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2. brenna (verb; °brennr/brenn; brann, brunnu; brunninn): (strong, intransitive) < brennheitr (adj.): [a burning-hot]
heitu ‘hot’
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heitr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): hot, ardent < brennheitr (adj.): [a burning-hot]
tók ‘went’
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2. taka (verb): take
leita ‘to seek’
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leita (verb): seek, look for, attack
þá ‘then’
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2. þá (adv.): then
notes
[7-8] þá varð grjón at grônu grjóti ‘then the dough had become a grey stone’: Cf. brauð þat allt varð at griote ‘all that bread turned to stone’ HómNo, 115, ÓHLeg 1982, 214.
varð ‘had become’
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1. verða (verb): become, be
notes
[7-8] þá varð grjón at grônu grjóti ‘then the dough had become a grey stone’: Cf. brauð þat allt varð at griote ‘all that bread turned to stone’ HómNo, 115, ÓHLeg 1982, 214.
grjón ‘the dough’
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grjón (noun n.; °-s; -): dough, groats
notes
[7-8] þá varð grjón at grônu grjóti ‘then the dough had become a grey stone’: Cf. brauð þat allt varð at griote ‘all that bread turned to stone’ HómNo, 115, ÓHLeg 1982, 214.
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
notes
[7-8] þá varð grjón at grônu grjóti ‘then the dough had become a grey stone’: Cf. brauð þat allt varð at griote ‘all that bread turned to stone’ HómNo, 115, ÓHLeg 1982, 214.
notes
[7-8] þá varð grjón at grônu grjóti ‘then the dough had become a grey stone’: Cf. brauð þat allt varð at griote ‘all that bread turned to stone’ HómNo, 115, ÓHLeg 1982, 214.
grjóti ‘stone’
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone
notes
[7-8] þá varð grjón at grônu grjóti ‘then the dough had become a grey stone’: Cf. brauð þat allt varð at griote ‘all that bread turned to stone’ HómNo, 115, ÓHLeg 1982, 214.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Sts 35-6 narrate the miracle of a woman (from Trøndelag according to ÓHLeg 1982, 214-15), forced by her master, an evil Danish count, to bake bread on S. Óláfr’s feast day. (Punishment for working on a saint’s feast day is a common hagiographical motif.) She prayed to S. Óláfr for vengeance, and the loaves were turned to stone in the oven, while the count was blinded. This narrative, which comes from the legendary tradition, follows the Gutthormr miracle in a number of sources (e.g. ÓHLeg 1982, 214; Passio Olaui in Metcalfe 1881, 78-9; HómNo, 115; Hkr, ÍF 28, 137-8; ÓH 1941, 636-7), both accounting for relics that were to be seen in Trondheim cathedral, the silver cross and three rocks kept at Óláfr’s shrine until the Reformation. Many Icel. churches also displayed stones as a reminder of the story: ‘Óláfssteinar’ were kept in the churchyard at Þingvellir as late as 1873 (DI I, 1264-5; see further Chase 2005, 39 and nn. 110 and 111). The miracle of the loaves is also said to account for the fact that the feast of S. Óláfr was observed throughout Denmark (cf. st. 36).
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