ESk Geisl 63VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 63’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 58-9.
Heðan ‘from here’
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heðan (adv.): hence, from this place
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
ungr ‘young’
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ungr (adj.): young
frá ‘from’
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frá (prep.): from
angri ‘affliction’
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2. angr (noun n.): grief, sin
alls ‘frequently’
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allr (adj.): all
mest ‘very’
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
vini ‘friends’
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
[2] vini: so Bb, vinir Bb
flesta ‘most’
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
[2] flesta: so Bb, flestir Flat
guð ‘God’
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
reynir ‘tests’
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reyna (verb): test, try, experience
svá ‘thus’
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svá (adv.): so, thus
sína ‘of his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
siklingr ‘The king’
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siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
numinn ‘taken’
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1. nema (verb): to take
miklu ‘great’
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
Nú ‘Now’
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nú (adv.): now
lifir ‘lives’
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lifa (verb): live
hraustr ‘the valiant’
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
kennings
hraustr fárskerðandi fyrða‘the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men ’
= SAINT
the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men → SAINT
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
hæstri ‘the highest’
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hœgri (adj. comp.): higher, highest
himna ‘of the heavens’
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
kennings
valds himna,‘of the ruler of the heavens, ’
= God
the ruler of the heavens, → God
valds ‘of the ruler’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler
kennings
valds himna,‘of the ruler of the heavens, ’
= God
the ruler of the heavens, → God
þars ‘where’
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þar (adv.): there
aldri ‘never’
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aldri (adv.): never
fár ‘misfortune’
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2. fár (noun n.; °-s): harm, danger < fárskerðandi (noun m.)
kennings
hraustr fárskerðandi fyrða‘the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men ’
= SAINT
the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men → SAINT
notes
[7] fárskerðandi ‘misfortune-diminisher’: Cf. harmskerðanda ‘harm-diminisher’, st. 38/4.
skerðandi ‘diminisher’
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skerðandi (noun m.): diminisher < fárskerðandi (noun m.)
kennings
hraustr fárskerðandi fyrða‘the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men ’
= SAINT
the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men → SAINT
notes
[7] fárskerðandi ‘misfortune-diminisher’: Cf. harmskerðanda ‘harm-diminisher’, st. 38/4.
fyrða ‘of men’
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2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man
kennings
hraustr fárskerðandi fyrða‘the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men ’
= SAINT
the valiant misfortune-diminisher of men → SAINT
friðar ‘vision of peace’
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friðr (noun m.): peace < friðarsýn (noun f.)
notes
[8] friðarsýn ‘vision of peace’: I.e. ‘the Heavenly Jerusalem’. The cpd is a direct translation of Lat. visio pacis, which was believed to be the meaning of the name Jerusalem (Augustinus Hipponensis, Enarrationes in Psalmos, col. 598). This etymology was well known in the Middle Ages and appears frequently in theological writings and in hymns, the most famous being Urbs beata Hierusalem, dicta pacis visio (AH 51, 119; Ordo Nidr., 292-3, 335-6). The image of the martyrs and confessors living in endless heavenly bliss, ultimately derived from Scripture (Rev. VII.13-17, XXI. 3-4, etc.), is a commonplace in hymns for the feasts of saints. Cf. Ník Jóndr 2/3 himna sýnar ‘a vision of the heavens’ and the Icel. Christmas homily: Méttem ver þa fꜵþor oc sun oc anda helgan i eino velde. oc fagrt eþle yver engla. þar monom ver siá helga friþar sýn þa er vár bíþr meþ sinom trúlegom borgmꜵɴom ‘We will then meet the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit in one kingdom. And [it will be] a beautiful homeland above the angels. There we will see the holy vision of peace which awaits us with its faithful citizens’ (HómÍsl 1993, fol. 23v).
sýn ‘’
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sýn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sight < friðarsýn (noun f.)
notes
[8] friðarsýn ‘vision of peace’: I.e. ‘the Heavenly Jerusalem’. The cpd is a direct translation of Lat. visio pacis, which was believed to be the meaning of the name Jerusalem (Augustinus Hipponensis, Enarrationes in Psalmos, col. 598). This etymology was well known in the Middle Ages and appears frequently in theological writings and in hymns, the most famous being Urbs beata Hierusalem, dicta pacis visio (AH 51, 119; Ordo Nidr., 292-3, 335-6). The image of the martyrs and confessors living in endless heavenly bliss, ultimately derived from Scripture (Rev. VII.13-17, XXI. 3-4, etc.), is a commonplace in hymns for the feasts of saints. Cf. Ník Jóndr 2/3 himna sýnar ‘a vision of the heavens’ and the Icel. Christmas homily: Méttem ver þa fꜵþor oc sun oc anda helgan i eino velde. oc fagrt eþle yver engla. þar monom ver siá helga friþar sýn þa er vár bíþr meþ sinom trúlegom borgmꜵɴom ‘We will then meet the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit in one kingdom. And [it will be] a beautiful homeland above the angels. There we will see the holy vision of peace which awaits us with its faithful citizens’ (HómÍsl 1993, fol. 23v).
gleði ‘joy’
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gleði (noun f.): joy
týnisk ‘ceases’
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týna (verb): lose, destroy
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