Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 48’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 46-7.
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2. missa (verb): lose, lack
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show
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morginn (noun m.; °morgins, dat. morgni; morgnar): morning
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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2. þá (adv.): then
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borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold
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borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold
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2. styrkr (adj.): powerful, strong
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mundriði (noun m.): [sword]
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mundriði (noun m.): [sword]
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
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steina (verb): to stain, colour, paint
[3] steindrar: so Bb, steindra Flat
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steina (verb): to stain, colour, paint
[3] steindrar: so Bb, steindra Flat
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bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle < styrsnjallr (adj.)
[4] styrsnjallr: so Bb, styrs bráðr Flat
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regin (noun n.): divine power
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold < styrsnjallr (adj.)
[4] styrsnjallr: so Bb, styrs bráðr Flat
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regin (noun n.): divine power
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able
[5] Nýtr gat séð: Þátti sinn Bb
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
[5] Nýtr gat séð: Þátti sinn Bb
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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sléttr (adj.): level, smooth
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2. seimr (noun m.; °dat. -i): gold < seimþiggjandi (noun m.)
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þiggjandi (noun m.): [receiver] < seimþiggjandi (noun m.)
[6] ‑þiggjandi: ‑þiggjandr Bb
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liggja (verb): lie
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grund (noun f.): earth, land
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gylðir (noun m.): wolf
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kind (noun f.; °-ar; -r): offspring, race
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gómsparri (noun m.)
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
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fjarri (adv.): far, far from it, unlikely
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
[1-4]: There is a considerable disparity between Flat’s and Bb’s texts of the first helmingr, but Bb’s must be preferred as Flat’s ll. 3-4 are ungrammatical as they stand and the sword-kenning possible in these ll. is unsatisfactory. One would have to read styrks steindrar mundriða borgar Regins váða ‘(the man missed) the strong sword hilt of the fortress of Reginn’s peril [SWORD > SHIELD > SWORD]’, with Bb’s steindrar for Flat’s steindra (gen. pl.), understanding mundriði (lit. ‘that which causes the hand to move quickly’) as a metonym for a sword. Borgar Regins váða would provide both a sword- and a shield-kenning. According to the Vǫlsung legends, the dwarf Reginn made his foster son Sigurðr a powerful sword named Gramr, with which Sigurðr killed the dragon Fáfnir and later Reginn himself. ‘Reginn’s peril’ would thus be a kenning for sword; its fortress is the shield. The mundriði of the shield is in turn another sword-kenning. But this is not very plausible, and Bb’s reading of ll. 3-4 is better on several counts, even though galla (l. 4; nom. galli), which normally means ‘defect, fault’ has to be taken in the more abstract sense of ‘destruction’.
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