ESk Geisl 69VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 69’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 63-4.
Óláfs ‘Óláfr’
(not checked:)
Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
hǫfum ‘We [I] have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
notes
[2, 1] kyni jǫfra ‘the family of the kings’: Bb’s jǫfra must be the preferred reading here, as Flat’s jǫfri (dat. sg.) leaves kyni (l. 2) syntactically isolated. Presumably Einarr uses the gen. pl. jǫfra to refer to the three kings Eysteinn, Sigurðr and Ingi, who were in his audience; the phrase could also flatter them by suggesting that they, as sons of Haraldr gilli, were descendants of S. Óláfr.
orð ‘of eloquent’
(not checked:)
orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word < orðhagr (adj.)
notes
[2] orðhags (m. gen. sg.) ‘eloquent’: The epithet is puzzling in this context, but it may refer to Óláfr’s power as an intercessor.
hags ‘’
(not checked:)
2. hagr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): skilful < orðhagr (adj.)
notes
[2] orðhags (m. gen. sg.) ‘eloquent’: The epithet is puzzling in this context, but it may refer to Óláfr’s power as an intercessor.
kyni ‘the family’
(not checked:)
1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin
notes
[2, 1] kyni jǫfra ‘the family of the kings’: Bb’s jǫfra must be the preferred reading here, as Flat’s jǫfri (dat. sg.) leaves kyni (l. 2) syntactically isolated. Presumably Einarr uses the gen. pl. jǫfra to refer to the three kings Eysteinn, Sigurðr and Ingi, who were in his audience; the phrase could also flatter them by suggesting that they, as sons of Haraldr gilli, were descendants of S. Óláfr.
sagðar ‘told’
(not checked:)
segja (verb): say, tell
hugr ‘the mind’
(not checked:)
hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage
ins ‘the’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
helga ‘holy’
(not checked:)
heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred
happs ‘the blessed’
(not checked:)
happ (noun n.; °-s; *-): fortune, luck < happsdáð (noun f.)
[4] happsdáðir: happsdáða Bb
notes
[4] happsdáðir ‘blessed deeds’: Cf. happmætu ‘rich in blessing’, st. 19/7.
dáðir ‘deeds’
(not checked:)
dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed < happsdáð (noun f.)
[4] happsdáðir: happsdáða Bb
notes
[4] happsdáðir ‘blessed deeds’: Cf. happmætu ‘rich in blessing’, st. 19/7.
ráði ‘undertaking’
(not checked:)
ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
Laun ‘reward’
(not checked:)
3. laun (noun n.; °-; -): rewards
af ‘from’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
fôm ‘We [I] shall receive’
(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[5] fôm: ‘fæ ek’ Bb
hreinum ‘pure’
(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure
holl ‘a kind’
(not checked:)
hollr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): loyal
af ‘’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
hreinum ‘’
(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure
hônum ‘him’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[5] hônum: hreinum Bb
hræ ‘of the corpse’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
hræ ‘of the corpse’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
hræ ‘of the corpse’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
hræ ‘of the corpse’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
hræ ‘of the corpse’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
hræ ‘of the corpse’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
síks ‘fish’
(not checked:)
sík (noun n.; °-s; -): fish, ?channel < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
síks ‘fish’
(not checked:)
sík (noun n.; °-s; -): fish, ?channel < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
síks ‘fish’
(not checked:)
sík (noun n.; °-s; -): fish, ?channel < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
síks ‘fish’
(not checked:)
sík (noun n.; °-s; -): fish, ?channel < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
síks ‘fish’
(not checked:)
sík (noun n.; °-s; -): fish, ?channel < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
síks ‘fish’
(not checked:)
sík (noun n.; °-s; -): fish, ?channel < hræsíkr (noun m.)
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn. — [7] hræsíks ‘of the corpse-fish [SWORD]’: The síkr is a kind of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
þrimu ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
þrima (noun f.): battle, din
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn.
þrimu ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
þrima (noun f.): battle, din
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn.
lét ‘///’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
líkar ‘it pleases’
(not checked:)
4. líka (verb): please
gǫfugs ‘for the splendid’
(not checked:)
gǫfugr (adj.; °gǫfgan/gǫfugan; compar. gǫfgari/gǫfugri, superl. gǫfgastr/gǫfugstr/gǫfugastr): noble, glorious
óðar ‘poem’
(not checked:)
1. óðr (noun m.): poem
lét ‘’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
liðs ‘company’
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
kennings
gœðum þrimu hræsíks.‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish.’
= WARRIORS
the corpse-fish. → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the increasers of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
notes
[6, 7] gœðum þrimu hræsíks ‘the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: This warrior-kenning may refer to the three kings in Einarr’s audience. Alternatively, if emendation of the base-word to gœði (dat. sg.) is preferred (so Skj B, following Cederschiöld), the kenning may refer to Einarr himself or to his patron King Eysteinn.
guðs ‘God’s’
(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
blessan ‘blessing’
(not checked:)
blezun (noun f.; °blezanar/blezunar; blezanir): [blessing]
[8] blessan: ‘blezon’ Flat, ‘blezun’ Bb
liðs ‘’
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Óláfs hǫfum jǫfra |
We [I] have told the family of the kings the blessed deeds of eloquent Óláfr the holy; the mind supports that undertaking. We [I] shall receive a kind reward for the splendid poem, this praise, if it pleases him [Óláfr]; God’s blessing, help the increasers of the storm of the corpse-fish [SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIORS].
The order of this st. and the following one is reversed in Bb. — [5-8]: The second helmingr is difficult to understand. Both Skj B and Skald adopt Bb’s hreinum (l. 5), ef (l. 5) and ‘let’ (l. 7), which Finnur Jónsson interprets as létt ‘easily’ and Kock emends to lát ‘sound’. Chase 2005, 119 adopts hjǫlp ‘help’, based on Flat’s ‘hialp’. Line 7 is problematic for metrical reasons, as eds have long recognised, but the cause has not previously been adequately addressed, viz. that the word in position 4 cannot be either a noun or an adv., but must be a verb. Both Flat’s and Bb’s readings point in that direction. The present interpretation takes Flat’s text in all instances except for ef (l. 5) instead of af.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.