ESk Geisl 13VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 13’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 18.
kennings
Móðr munnrjóðr Hugins‘The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn ’
= WARRIOR
The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn → WARRIOR
notes
[1] móðr ‘brave’: This is certainly how other eds (e.g. Finnur Jónsson in Skj B) have understood this adj. but it also means ‘tired/weary/exhausted’ (see LP: móðr) and in this sense may qualify gunna (l. 2), gen. pl. of gunnr ‘battle’, to mean ‘weary of battles’ and refer to Óláfr’s transformation from a Viking war-leader to a man of God. The sense of ll. 1-2 would then be ‘The mouth-reddener of Huginn [= Óláfr], weary of battles, accomplished many deeds’.
vann ‘accomplished’
(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work
margar ‘many’
(not checked:)
2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
dáðir ‘deeds’
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dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed
munn ‘mouth’
(not checked:)
munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth < munnrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Móðr munnrjóðr Hugins‘The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn ’
= WARRIOR
The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn → WARRIOR
rjóðr ‘reddener’
(not checked:)
1. rjóðr (noun m.): reddener < munnrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Móðr munnrjóðr Hugins‘The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn ’
= WARRIOR
The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn → WARRIOR
Hugins ‘of Huginn’
(not checked:)
1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
kennings
Móðr munnrjóðr Hugins‘The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn ’
= WARRIOR
The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn → WARRIOR
kunnan ‘’
(not checked:)
kunnr (adj.): known (?)
satt ‘true’
(not checked:)
2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
vas ‘it was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
at ‘that’
(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that
siklingr ‘the king’
(not checked:)
siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
bœtti ‘made atonement’
(not checked:)
bœta (verb; °-tt-): better, emend, compensate
sín ‘for his’
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
mein ‘wrongdoing’
(not checked:)
mein (noun n.; °-s; -): harm, injury
guði ‘to God’
(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
einum ‘alone’
(not checked:)
2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
Leyndi ‘concealed’
(not checked:)
1. leyna (verb): hide, conceal
lofðungr ‘The prince’
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lofðungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, leader
[5] lofðungr: so Bb, ‘lofdungur’ corrected from ‘lofdung’ Flat
kennings
Liðgegn lofðungr Þrœnda‘The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, ’
= Óláfr
The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr
Þrœnda ‘of the Þrœndir’
(not checked:)
Þrœndr (noun m.; °; þrǿndir/þrǿndr): people from Tröndelag
kennings
Liðgegn lofðungr Þrœnda‘The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, ’
= Óláfr
The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr
lið ‘’
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop < liðgegn (adj.)
kennings
Liðgegn lofðungr Þrœnda‘The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, ’
= Óláfr
The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr
gegn ‘fair with men’
(not checked:)
1. gegn (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-str): reliable < liðgegn (adj.)
kennings
Liðgegn lofðungr Þrœnda‘The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, ’
= Óláfr
The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr
snara ‘from able’
(not checked:)
snarr (adj.): gallant, bold
þegna ‘thanes’
(not checked:)
þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin
fæstr ‘’
(not checked:)
3. fár (adj.; °compar. fǽrri/fárri(Mág² 11), superl. fǽstr): few
fár ‘not many’
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3. fár (adj.; °compar. fǽrri/fárri(Mág² 11), superl. fǽstr): few
[7] fár: fæstr Bb
gramr ‘a king’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
hefir ‘has’
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hafa (verb): have
frægri ‘’
(not checked:)
frægr (adj.; °-jan/-an; compar. -ri, superl. -jastr/-astr/-str): famous, renowned
fremri ‘more distinguished’
(not checked:)
framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
[7] fremri: so Bb, frægri Flat
notes
[7] fremri ‘more distinguished’: Completes the rhyme scheme (skothending) of the l. and hence is a better reading than Flat’s frægri ‘more celebrated’.
fœzk ‘been born’
(not checked:)
2. fœða (verb): to feed, give food to, bring up, bear, give birth to
[8] fœzk (‘fæz’): ‘fest’ Bb
leitri ‘sublime’
gœzku ‘goodness’
(not checked:)
gœzka (noun f.): goodness
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Móðr vann margar dáðir |
The brave mouth-reddener of Huginn <raven> [WARRIOR] accomplished many deeds of battles; it was true that the king made atonement for his wrongdoing to God alone. The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men [= Óláfr], concealed sublime goodness from able thanes; not many a king has been born more distinguished.
In Bb st. 14 precedes 13.
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