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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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ESk Geisl 18VII

Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 18’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 21-2.

Einarr SkúlasonGeisli
171819

emk ‘I am’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[1] emk (‘em ek’): so Bb, ‘er ek’ Flat

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þvít ‘because’

(not checked:)
þvít (conj.): because, since

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vann ‘attained’

(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work

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vísi ‘’

(not checked:)
vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader

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vísir ‘the prince’

(not checked:)
2. vísir (noun m.): ruler

[1] vísir: vísi Bb

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konungr ‘king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

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flestra ‘among most [rulers]’

(not checked:)
fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most

[2] flestra: flestar Bb

notes

[2] flestra ‘among most [rulers]’: The Bb reading, flestar, allows for smoother syntax. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) construes þvít vísi vann flestar manndýrðir; hann vas mestr konungr ‘because the king was in possession of most splendid qualities; he was the greatest king’.

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drótt ‘the court’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

notes

[3] drótt nemi mærð ‘may the court receive the praise poem’: This cl. may mean ‘may the court receive the poem’ in the sense of giving the poet a hearing, or, more actively, ‘may the court learn the praise poem’.

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nemi ‘receive’

(not checked:)
1. nema (verb): to take

notes

[3] drótt nemi mærð ‘may the court receive the praise poem’: This cl. may mean ‘may the court receive the poem’ in the sense of giving the poet a hearing, or, more actively, ‘may the court learn the praise poem’.

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mærð ‘the praise poem’

(not checked:)
mærð (noun f.): praise

notes

[3] drótt nemi mærð ‘may the court receive the praise poem’: This cl. may mean ‘may the court receive the poem’ in the sense of giving the poet a hearing, or, more actively, ‘may the court learn the praise poem’.

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ef ‘if’

(not checked:)
3. ef (conj.): if

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mættak ‘I can’

(not checked:)
mœta (verb): meet

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stef ‘a refrain’

(not checked:)
stef (noun n.; °; -): refrain

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vanda ‘to compose’

(not checked:)
vanda (verb): fashion, execute

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Greitt ‘alleviate’

(not checked:)
greiða (verb): alleviate

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‘can’

(not checked:)
mega (verb): may, might

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gumnum ‘for men’

(not checked:)
gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man

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guðs ‘God’s’

(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God

kennings

Guðs ríðari
‘God’s knight ’
   = SAINT = Óláfr

God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
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ríðari ‘knight’

(not checked:)
riddari (noun m.; °-a; -ar): knight

[6] ríðari: so Bb, ‘ridadri’ Flat

kennings

Guðs ríðari
‘God’s knight ’
   = SAINT = Óláfr

God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr

notes

[6] ríðari ‘knight’: This is one of the earliest instances of the word in poetry, though see Mberf Lv 2/2II, which is earlier. The kenning Guðs ríðari ‘God’s knight’ also occurs in Árni Gd 32/1IV.

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stríðum ‘afflictions’

(not checked:)
2. stríð (noun n.; °-s; -): affliction

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rǫskr ‘brave’

(not checked:)
rǫskr (adj.): brave

[7] rǫskr: hraustr Bb

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þiggr ‘gets’

(not checked:)
þiggja (verb): receive, get

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allt ‘all’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

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sem ‘’

(not checked:)
sem (conj.): as, which

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æstir ‘’

(not checked:)
æsta (verb): ask, request

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œskir ‘he desires’

(not checked:)
óska (verb): desire

[7] œskir: æstir Bb

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Óláfr ‘Óláfr’

(not checked:)
Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr

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af ‘from’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

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gram ‘the king’

(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

kennings

gram sólar.
‘the king of the sun.’
   = God

the king of the sun. → God

notes

[8] gram sólar ‘king of the sun’: Einarr introduced this image (which has no precise analogues in Scripture or in Lat. hymns) into skaldic poetry, and it was widely imitated (cf. Meissner, 381-2).

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sólar ‘of the sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

kennings

gram sólar.
‘the king of the sun.’
   = God

the king of the sun. → God

notes

[8] gram sólar ‘king of the sun’: Einarr introduced this image (which has no precise analogues in Scripture or in Lat. hymns) into skaldic poetry, and it was widely imitated (cf. Meissner, 381-2).

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

[5-8]: These ll. constitute the drápa’s stef or refrain, and appear again at 21/5-8, 24/5-8, 27/5-8, 30/5-8, 33/5-8, 36/5-8, 39/5-8, 42/5-8 and 45/5-8. The section between sts 18-45 is the stefjabálkr. A small cross symbol appears in the right margin of Flat beside or above each repetition of the stef.

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