hróðmǫgr Haralds ins grenska
‘the glory-son of Haraldr inn grenski (‘the one from grenland’)’ = Óláfr
The glory-son of Haraldr inn grenski (‘the one from Grenland’) → Óláfr
arfi Haralds
‘Haraldr’s heir’ = Óláfr
Haraldr’s heir. → Óláfr
faðir Magnúss
‘Magnús’s father’ = Óláfr
Magnús’s father → Óláfr
þess sonr Magnúss
‘that son of Magnús’ = Óláfr
that son of Magnús → Óláfr
þreklynds þegn Krists
‘of the strong-minded thane of Christ’ = Óláfr
the strong-minded thane of Christ; → Óláfr
þengill mœra
‘of the lord of the mœrir’ = Óláfr
the lord of the Mœrir; → Óláfr
helgum jǫfurr fira
‘to the holy king of men’ = Óláfr
to the holy king of men. → Óláfr
liðgegn lofðungr þrœnda
‘the prince of the þrœndir, fair with men’ = Óláfr
The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr
fullhugaðr folkvaldr
‘the very wise army-ruler’ = Óláfr
the very wise army-ruler → Óláfr
konungr rauma
‘the king of the raumar’ = Óláfr
the king of the Raumar → Óláfr
gramr hǫrða
‘the king of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
The king of the Hǫrðar, → Óláfr
dróttinn hǫrða
‘of the lord of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
the lord of the Hǫrðar → Óláfr
dróttinn sygna
‘the lord of the sygnir’ = Óláfr
the lord of the Sygnir, → Óláfr
folksterks fylkir egða
‘of the army-strong leader of the egðir’ = Óláfr
the army-strong leader of the Egðir → Óláfr
faðir Magnúss ins góða
‘to the father of Magnús the good’ = Óláfr
to the father of Magnús the Good; → Óláfr
vald foldar
‘the strength of the land’ = Óláfr
the strength of the land → Óláfr
snjallr spjalli lausnara
‘the brave confidant of the saviour’ = Óláfr
the brave confidant of the Saviour → Óláfr
hlýri móður
‘the brother of [his] mother’ = Óláfr
the brother of [his] mother → Óláfr
mildingr hǫrða
‘of the king of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
the king of the Hǫrðar → Óláfr
þengill rauma
‘the king of the raumar’ = Óláfr
the king of the Raumar → Óláfr
inn frœkni kundr fylkis
‘the brave descendant of a king’ = Óláfr
the brave descendant of a king → Óláfr
jǫfurr fyrða
‘the prince of men’ = Óláfr
the prince of men, → Óláfr
ríkr, þjóðnýtr bróðir Haralds
‘the powerful, very bountiful brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The powerful, very bountiful brother of Haraldr → Óláfr
Haralds margþarfr arfi
‘Haraldr’s very useful heir’ = Óláfr
Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr
siklingr bóls heiðbjartrar sólar
‘of the lord of the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun’ = Óláfr
the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun, → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → Óláfr
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara
‘the well-known old friend of the saviour’ = Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
gǫfgan geisli guðs hallar
‘the splendid light-beam of god’s hall’ = Óláfr
God’s hall, → HEAVEN
the splendid light-beam of the HEAVEN → Óláfr
fagran vinr tyggja rǫðuls
‘the beautiful friend of the king of the sun’ = Óláfr
the king of the sun; → God
the beautiful friend of GOD → Óláfr
þrályndr œgir Engla
‘the obstinate-minded intimidator of the English’ = Óláfr
the obstinate-minded intimidator of the English → Óláfr
nenninn konungr Nóregs
‘The enterprising king of Norway’ = Óláfr
The enterprising king of Norway → Óláfr
þverrir Engla
‘the diminisher of the English’ = Óláfr
the diminisher of the English → Óláfr
ótvínn þrýstir Engla
‘The unwavering oppressor of the English’ = Óláfr
The unwavering oppressor of the English, → Óláfr
nýtr vǫrðr Nóregs
‘the able guardian of Norway’ = Óláfr
the able guardian of Norway → Óláfr
inn vitri, móðrakkr bróðir Haralds
‘the wise, mind-bold brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The wise, mind-bold brother of Haraldr → Óláfr
sókndjarfr arfi Haralds
‘the attack-brave heir of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The attack-brave heir of Haraldr → Óláfr
sonr Haralds
‘the son of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The son of Haraldr → Óláfr
myrðir Vinða
‘the murderer of Wends’ = Óláfr
the murderer of Wends → Óláfr
ǫrvan, hugdyggvan sonr Tryggva
‘the swift, steadfast son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the swift, steadfast son of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
gramr lofða
‘the ruler of warriors’ = Óláfr
the ruler of warriors → Óláfr
læstyggs burr Tryggva
‘of the deceit-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the deceit-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
nenninn dróttinn Norðmanna
‘the energetic lord of Norwegians’ = Óláfr
the energetic lord of Norwegians → Óláfr
flugstyggs sonr Tryggva
‘of the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
flugstyggs sonr Tryggva
‘of the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘Tryggvi’s son’ = Óláfr
Tryggvi’s son, → Óláfr
snjǫllum sonr Tryggva
‘of the valiant son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the valiant son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi → Óláfr
nýtum niðr Norðmanna
‘the able son of Norwegians’ = Óláfr
the able son of Norwegians; → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi, → Óláfr
niðjungr Haralds
‘descendant of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
descendant of Haraldr, → Óláfr
ætt Haralds
‘the descendant of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
the descendant of Haraldr → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
The son of Tryggvi → Óláfr
vápndjarfr arfi Haralds
‘the weapon-bold heir of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
the weapon-bold heir of Haraldr → Óláfr
vígmóðr bróðir Haralds
‘the battle-weary brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
the battle-weary brother of Haraldr → Óláfr
inn unga kundr jǫfra
‘the young descendant of princes’ = Óláfr
the young descendant of princes → Óláfr
niðr fylkis
‘of the descendant of the ruler’ = Óláfr
the descendant of the ruler → Óláfr
arfrvǫrðr Haralds
‘the guardian of Haraldr’s inheritance’ = Óláfr
the guardian of Haraldr’s inheritance → Óláfr
aldyggr arfi Tryggva
‘the most excellent heir of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
The most excellent heir of Tryggvi, → Óláfr
arfr-þegi Tryggva
‘concerning the heir of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
concerning the heir of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
sonr hugdyggs Tryggva
‘the son of the mind-brave Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of the mind-brave Tryggvi → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi → Óláfr
mildr faðir Magnúss
‘the gracious father of Magnús’ = Óláfr
The gracious father of Magnús → Óláfr
stríðir Engla
‘the opponent of the English’ = Óláfr
the opponent of the English, → Óláfr
flóttskjǫrrum feðr Magnúss
‘the flight-shy father of Magnús’ = Óláfr
the flight-shy father of Magnús. → Óláfr
gramr Svía
‘the ruler of the Swedes’ = Óláfr
the ruler of the Swedes → Óláfr
This view lists all kennings with the selected referent. It analyses extended kennings to show the stages by which one arrives at the particular referent; these may form part of larger kennings but this is not shown here.
For more information on a particular kenning, select the stanza in which it occurs and click on the kenning in the interactive text to see the full analysis of the kenning.