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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Óldr 25^I

Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 25’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1056.

Anonymous Poems Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar

Náði ‘gained’

(not checked:)
1. ná (verb): reach, get, manage

jǫrð ‘the land’

(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth

ept ‘after’

(not checked:)
eptir (prep.): after, behind

orðna ‘was done’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

Eirekr ‘Eiríkr’

(not checked:)
Eiríkr (noun m.): Eiríkr

þrimu ‘the uproar’

(not checked:)
þrima (noun f.): battle, din

kennings

þrimu geira;
‘the uproar of spears ’
= BATTLE
the uproar of spears → BATTLE

geira ‘of spears’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear

kennings

þrimu geira;
‘the uproar of spears ’
= BATTLE
the uproar of spears → BATTLE

hans ‘his’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

rôðum ‘heed’

(not checked:)
ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power

varð ‘had to’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

hlýða ‘advice’

(not checked:)
2. hlýða (verb): hear, listen; be able

hverr ‘every’

(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

kennings

hverr þverrir brimrǫðuls
‘every diminisher of the surf-sun ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the surf-sun → GOLD
every diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

brim ‘of the surf’

(not checked:)
brim (noun n.): surf < brimrǫðull (noun m.): [surf-sun]

kennings

hverr þverrir brimrǫðuls
‘every diminisher of the surf-sun ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the surf-sun → GOLD
every diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

brim ‘of the surf’

(not checked:)
brim (noun n.): surf < brimrǫðull (noun m.): [surf-sun]

kennings

hverr þverrir brimrǫðuls
‘every diminisher of the surf-sun ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the surf-sun → GOLD
every diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

rǫðuls ‘sun’

(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < brimrǫðull (noun m.): [surf-sun]

kennings

hverr þverrir brimrǫðuls
‘every diminisher of the surf-sun ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the surf-sun → GOLD
every diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

rǫðuls ‘sun’

(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < brimrǫðull (noun m.): [surf-sun]

kennings

hverr þverrir brimrǫðuls
‘every diminisher of the surf-sun ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the surf-sun → GOLD
every diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

þverrir ‘diminisher’

(not checked:)
þverrir (noun m.): diminisher

kennings

hverr þverrir brimrǫðuls
‘every diminisher of the surf-sun ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the surf-sun → GOLD
every diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

Hnípði ‘was dejected’

(not checked:)
hnípa (verb): droop

drótt ‘The retinue’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

drúpði ‘drooped’

(not checked:)
drúpa (verb; °-pð-): droop

notes

[5, 7] fold drúpði ‘the land drooped’: Personification of the land as mourning for its dead ruler, often described by the verb drúpa ‘to droop, bow the head’, is a common topos in skaldic depictions of bereavement: cf. Þjóð Yt 22/12, Hallst Lv 1/1^IV.

dǫpr ‘downcast’

(not checked:)
dapr (adj.): gloomy

þjóð ‘the people’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people

vas ‘were’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

þar ‘there’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

Fróða ‘of Fróði’

(not checked:)
Fróði (noun m.): Fróði

kennings

flest fagrbygg Fróða;
‘most beautiful barley of Fróði; ’
= GOLD
most beautiful barley of Fróði; → GOLD

fold ‘the land’

(not checked:)
fold (noun f.): land

notes

[5, 7] fold drúpði ‘the land drooped’: Personification of the land as mourning for its dead ruler, often described by the verb drúpa ‘to droop, bow the head’, is a common topos in skaldic depictions of bereavement: cf. Þjóð Yt 22/12, Hallst Lv 1/1^IV.

þanns ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

flest ‘most’

(not checked:)
fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most

kennings

flest fagrbygg Fróða;
‘most beautiful barley of Fróði; ’
= GOLD
most beautiful barley of Fróði; → GOLD

gaf ‘gave’

(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give

hauldum ‘men’

(not checked:)
hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man

fagr ‘beautiful’

(not checked:)
fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful < fagrbygg (noun n.): [beautiful barley]

kennings

flest fagrbygg Fróða;
‘most beautiful barley of Fróði; ’
= GOLD
most beautiful barley of Fróði; → GOLD

bygg ‘barley’

(not checked:)
bygg (noun n.; °-s): barley < fagrbygg (noun n.): [beautiful barley]

kennings

flest fagrbygg Fróða;
‘most beautiful barley of Fróði; ’
= GOLD
most beautiful barley of Fróði; → GOLD

ok ‘’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

of ‘over’

(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too

[8] of: ok Bb

notes

[8] of ‘over’: That is, for Óláfr’s death. The ms. has the abbreviation sign for ok ‘and’, which is not syntactically plausible. Either of ‘for’ (Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 17; Gullberg 1875) or at ‘after’ (Skj B; Skald) is a possible emendation; the former has been preferred here as being closer to the ms. reading.

son ‘the son’

(not checked:)
sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son

kennings

son Tryggva,
‘the son of Tryggvi, ’
= Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi, → Óláfr

Tryggva ‘of Tryggvi’

(not checked:)
Tryggvi (noun m.): Tryggvi

kennings

son Tryggva,
‘the son of Tryggvi, ’
= Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi, → Óláfr

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