HSt Rst 32I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 32’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 934.
Hring ‘mail-shirt’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringskóð (noun n.)
[1] Hring‑: þing‑ Bb
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hringskóðs ‘mail-shirt-harmer [SWORD]’: The alliteration in l. 1 is flawed and, as in previous eds, ms. þing is here emended to hring- since a word with the stave h is needed. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) and LP: hringskóð explain that hringr must refer by metonymy to a mail-shirt of metal rings, as it does in SnH Lv 1/3II and SnSt Ht 2/3III (and see Notes ad loc.), although in these contexts hring- is in the pl. Sword-kennings with skóð ‘harm, harmer’ and similar as base-word are standard (see Meissner 156).
Hring ‘mail-shirt’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringskóð (noun n.)
[1] Hring‑: þing‑ Bb
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hringskóðs ‘mail-shirt-harmer [SWORD]’: The alliteration in l. 1 is flawed and, as in previous eds, ms. þing is here emended to hring- since a word with the stave h is needed. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) and LP: hringskóð explain that hringr must refer by metonymy to a mail-shirt of metal rings, as it does in SnH Lv 1/3II and SnSt Ht 2/3III (and see Notes ad loc.), although in these contexts hring- is in the pl. Sword-kennings with skóð ‘harm, harmer’ and similar as base-word are standard (see Meissner 156).
skóðs ‘harmer’
(not checked:)
2. skóð (noun n.): harmer, scathe < hringskóð (noun n.)
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hringskóðs ‘mail-shirt-harmer [SWORD]’: The alliteration in l. 1 is flawed and, as in previous eds, ms. þing is here emended to hring- since a word with the stave h is needed. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) and LP: hringskóð explain that hringr must refer by metonymy to a mail-shirt of metal rings, as it does in SnH Lv 1/3II and SnSt Ht 2/3III (and see Notes ad loc.), although in these contexts hring- is in the pl. Sword-kennings with skóð ‘harm, harmer’ and similar as base-word are standard (see Meissner 156).
skóðs ‘harmer’
(not checked:)
2. skóð (noun n.): harmer, scathe < hringskóð (noun n.)
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hringskóðs ‘mail-shirt-harmer [SWORD]’: The alliteration in l. 1 is flawed and, as in previous eds, ms. þing is here emended to hring- since a word with the stave h is needed. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) and LP: hringskóð explain that hringr must refer by metonymy to a mail-shirt of metal rings, as it does in SnH Lv 1/3II and SnSt Ht 2/3III (and see Notes ad loc.), although in these contexts hring- is in the pl. Sword-kennings with skóð ‘harm, harmer’ and similar as base-word are standard (see Meissner 156).
herði ‘hardening’
(not checked:)
2. herða (verb): strengthen < 1. herðimeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
meiðar ‘trees’
(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < 1. herðimeiðr (noun m.)
[1] ‑meiðar: ‑meiða Bb
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
hvar ‘Where would’
(not checked:)
hvar (adv.): where
es ‘very’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
anni ‘is able to perform’
eld ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < eldveldr (adj.)
[3] eld‑: ‘ell’ Bb
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[3] eldvellds ‘fire-forged’: A unique adj. containing the p. p. from vella ‘boil, cook’. The reading eld- may be deemed a normalisation rather than an emendation since <ll> in the ms. can be an assimilated form of <ld>; cf. ms. ‘siall’ for sjald- in st. 35/6.
eld ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < eldveldr (adj.)
[3] eld‑: ‘ell’ Bb
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[3] eldvellds ‘fire-forged’: A unique adj. containing the p. p. from vella ‘boil, cook’. The reading eld- may be deemed a normalisation rather than an emendation since <ll> in the ms. can be an assimilated form of <ld>; cf. ms. ‘siall’ for sjald- in st. 35/6.
vellds ‘forged’
(not checked:)
-veldr (adj.): [forged] < eldveldr (adj.)
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[3] eldvellds ‘fire-forged’: A unique adj. containing the p. p. from vella ‘boil, cook’. The reading eld- may be deemed a normalisation rather than an emendation since <ll> in the ms. can be an assimilated form of <ld>; cf. ms. ‘siall’ for sjald- in st. 35/6.
vellds ‘forged’
(not checked:)
-veldr (adj.): [forged] < eldveldr (adj.)
kennings
herðimeiðar eldvellds hringskóðs‘hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer ’
= WARRIORS
the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer → SWORD
hardening trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[3] eldvellds ‘fire-forged’: A unique adj. containing the p. p. from vella ‘boil, cook’. The reading eld- may be deemed a normalisation rather than an emendation since <ll> in the ms. can be an assimilated form of <ld>; cf. ms. ‘siall’ for sjald- in st. 35/6.
annan ‘of any other’
(not checked:)
1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
stilli ‘ruler’
(not checked:)
stillir (noun m.): ruler
frama ‘deeds’
(not checked:)
frami (noun m.): success
slíkum ‘such splendid’
(not checked:)
2. slíkr (adj.): such
gunn ‘of the battle’
(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame
kennings
geymirunnum gunnelds‘to the keeping trees of the battle-fire ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-fire → SWORD
to the keeping trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
gunn ‘of the battle’
(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame
kennings
geymirunnum gunnelds‘to the keeping trees of the battle-fire ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-fire → SWORD
to the keeping trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
elds ‘fire’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame
kennings
geymirunnum gunnelds‘to the keeping trees of the battle-fire ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-fire → SWORD
to the keeping trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
elds ‘fire’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame
kennings
geymirunnum gunnelds‘to the keeping trees of the battle-fire ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-fire → SWORD
to the keeping trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
geymi ‘to the keeping’
(not checked:)
geyma (verb): heed, guard < geymirunnr (noun m.): keeping trees
kennings
geymirunnum gunnelds‘to the keeping trees of the battle-fire ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-fire → SWORD
to the keeping trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
runnum ‘trees’
(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree < geymirunnr (noun m.): keeping trees
kennings
geymirunnum gunnelds‘to the keeping trees of the battle-fire ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-fire → SWORD
to the keeping trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[6] gǫndlar ‘for battle’: The word is also a valkyrie-name, as in st. 18/5.
sem ‘as’
(not checked:)
sem (conj.): as, which
lýstak ‘I have described’
(not checked:)
2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show
hirð ‘the retinue’
(not checked:)
hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
hans ‘his’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
at ‘at’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
morði ‘killing’
(not checked:)
1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle
hrygg ‘desolate’
(not checked:)
2. hryggr (adj.; °-van/-jan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri; superl. -astr): sorrowful, sad
arf ‘’
(not checked:)
arfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(Frost 215¹²); -ar): inheritance < arfþegi (noun m.): heir
kennings
arfþega Tryggva;‘concerning the heir of Tryggvi; ’
= Óláfr
concerning the heir of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
þega ‘concerning the heir’
(not checked:)
-þegi (noun m.): [heir, tainers] < arfþegi (noun m.): heir
[8] ‑þega: ‘degi’ Bb
kennings
arfþega Tryggva;‘concerning the heir of Tryggvi; ’
= Óláfr
concerning the heir of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
Tryggva ‘of Tryggvi’
(not checked:)
Tryggvi (noun m.): Tryggvi
kennings
arfþega Tryggva;‘concerning the heir of Tryggvi; ’
= Óláfr
concerning the heir of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hringskóðs herðimeiðar |
Where would hardening trees of the fire-forged mail-shirt-harmer [SWORD > WARRIORS] know of any other ruler, who, very mighty, is able to perform such splendid deeds as I have described to the keeping trees of the battle-fire [SWORD > WARRIORS] concerning the heir of Tryggvi [= Óláfr]; the retinue eager for battle was desolate at his killing.
There may be influence from Steinn ÓldrII here; see Note to st. 12 [All]. It is also noticeable that, as in Hfr ErfÓl 27 (see Note to st. 27 [All]), the two helmingar are syntactically linked in order to convey the idea that Óláfr’s greatness is unmatched. — [3] eldvellds : stilli: The rhyme could be formed by eld- or -vellds with stilli, and cf. st. 33/3 tjalds : stilli. These could be rhymes involving first consonant only, i.e. of l and not ld (cf. Kuhn 1983, 77), or it could be that d has been assimilated in consonant clusters such as lds: see following Note. — [5-8]: The helmingr is apparently corrupt and emendations unavoidable. (a) The text and translation above adopt the minor emendations of ms. fýstr (m. nom. sg.) to fýst (f. nom. sg.) ‘eager’ and of arfþegi (m. nom. sg.) to arfþega (m. gen./dat. sg.) ‘heir’ as in Skj B. (b) A solution retaining the grammatical concord of fýstr arfþegi ‘eager heir’ and avoiding emendations to those two words is possible if it is assumed that vas ‘was’ (emended from ms. ‘va’ by all eds) in l. 7 functions in two clauses, hirð vas hrygg at morði hans ‘the retinue was desolate at his killing’ and arfþegi Tryggva vas fýstr gǫndlar ‘the heir of Tryggvi was eager for battle’. An understood vas ‘was’ would be paralleled in st. 17/7. (c) Kock (NN §1186) also retains fýstr, assuming that it qualifies the ek ‘I’ of lýstak ‘I described’, referring to the skald, but it would be exceptional for Hallar-Steinn to refer to his own valour in this way.
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