ÞKolb Eirdr 11I
Jayne Carroll (ed.) 2012, ‘Þórðr Kolbeinsson, Eiríksdrápa 11’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 504.
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
ek ‘’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
Enn ‘Again’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
[1] Enn: en R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 53, 54, ek 325V, 325VII, Tóm, Flat
hefs ‘’
hefu ‘’
hefir ‘’
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hafa (verb): have
hefk ‘’
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hafa (verb): have
hefi ‘’
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hafa (verb): have
hefsk ‘is beginning’
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hefja (verb): lift, start
[1] hefsk: hefk Holm2, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 75c, 325V, 61(71vb), 53, 54, Bb(106rb), ‘hefv’ R686ˣ, hefi 972ˣ, 325VII, Tóm, Flat, hefir 73aˣ, 78aˣ, ‘hefs’ Bb(127vb)
notes
[1] hefsk ‘is beginning’: Hefk ‘I begin’, the reading of a number of mss across the stemmata, is an acceptable alternative, and is adopted by Finnur Jónsson in Hkr 1893-1901 (but not Skj B).
læyfs ‘’
leyfk ‘’
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leyfa (verb): permit; praise
leyfðr ‘’
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leyfa (verb): permit; praise
leyfs ‘’
leyfð ‘praise’
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leyfð (noun f.): praise
[1] leyfð: leyfðr 61(81ra), ‘læyfs’ 325VII, ‘leyfs’ Tóm, Flat, ‘leyfk’ 54, Bb(106rb)
leyfða ‘’
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leyfa (verb): permit; praise
lofka ‘’
lofðar ‘’
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lofði (noun m.; °; -ar): man
lofða ‘men’
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lofði (noun m.; °; -ar): man
[1] lofða: lofðar 61(81ra), leyfða Tóm, lofka 54, Bb(106rb)
notes
[1-2] lofkennda lofða (m. acc. pl.) ‘praise-renowned men’: It is possible that this has sg. reference, denoting Knútr. In Hkr 1893-1901, IV, Skj B and NN §581, dróttna ‘lords’, the pl. object of frák in the interpretations offered there, is understood thus (see Note to ll. 1-4, NN §266 and cf. Arn Hryn 19/1II, Arn Hardr 16/6II and Notes). However, given the uncertainty surrounding the circumstances of the English campaign, a literal translation is preferable. ÍF 27 suggests that Knútr and possibly his brother Haraldr are meant (see also A. Campbell 1971, 14).
lof ‘praise’
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lof (noun n.; °-s; -): praise, leave, permission < lofkenndr (adj./verb p.p.): [praise-renowned]
notes
[1-2] lofkennda lofða (m. acc. pl.) ‘praise-renowned men’: It is possible that this has sg. reference, denoting Knútr. In Hkr 1893-1901, IV, Skj B and NN §581, dróttna ‘lords’, the pl. object of frák in the interpretations offered there, is understood thus (see Note to ll. 1-4, NN §266 and cf. Arn Hryn 19/1II, Arn Hardr 16/6II and Notes). However, given the uncertainty surrounding the circumstances of the English campaign, a literal translation is preferable. ÍF 27 suggests that Knútr and possibly his brother Haraldr are meant (see also A. Campbell 1971, 14).
kennda ‘renowned’
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kenna (verb): know, teach < lofkenndr (adj./verb p.p.): [praise-renowned]
notes
[1-2] lofkennda lofða (m. acc. pl.) ‘praise-renowned men’: It is possible that this has sg. reference, denoting Knútr. In Hkr 1893-1901, IV, Skj B and NN §581, dróttna ‘lords’, the pl. object of frák in the interpretations offered there, is understood thus (see Note to ll. 1-4, NN §266 and cf. Arn Hryn 19/1II, Arn Hardr 16/6II and Notes). However, given the uncertainty surrounding the circumstances of the English campaign, a literal translation is preferable. ÍF 27 suggests that Knútr and possibly his brother Haraldr are meant (see also A. Campbell 1971, 14).
fæk ‘’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
kenndu ‘’
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kenna (verb): know, teach
senda ‘’
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senda (verb): send
sendu ‘sent’
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senda (verb): send
[2] sendu: senda 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61(81ra), 325V, kenndu Bb(127vb)
af ‘’
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af (prep.): from
skvínum ‘’
saunum ‘’
sǫmum ‘adorned’
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samr (adj.; °compar. -ari): same < hjalmsamr (adj.): [helmet-adorned]
[3] ‑sǫmum: ‘saunum’ J1ˣ, ‘scuínvm’ Bb(127vb), ‑sonum 53
hilmi ‘ruler’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
notes
[3-4] hilmi hjarls dróttna ‘ruler of the land of lords’: Alternatively, ‘ruler of the lords of the land’. The former is preferred here as an appropriate description for Eiríkr, who acted as regent of Norway after the battle of Svǫlðr under King Sveinn tjúguskegg of Denmark and, for a time, King Óláfr sœnski.
hjartt ‘’
hjarl ‘’
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hjarl (noun n.): land
hjaldr ‘’
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle
hjarls ‘of the land’
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hjarl (noun n.): land
[4] hjarls: hjaldr 61(81ra), hjarl 325VII, ‘hiartt’ Tóm, hjallr Flat
notes
[3-4] hilmi hjarls dróttna ‘ruler of the land of lords’: Alternatively, ‘ruler of the lords of the land’. The former is preferred here as an appropriate description for Eiríkr, who acted as regent of Norway after the battle of Svǫlðr under King Sveinn tjúguskegg of Denmark and, for a time, King Óláfr sœnski.
dróttins ‘’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
drýgjanda ‘’
dróttna ‘of lords’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
[4] dróttna: drýgjanda 61(81ra), dróttins 54, Bb(106rb)
notes
[3-4] hilmi hjarls dróttna ‘ruler of the land of lords’: Alternatively, ‘ruler of the lords of the land’. The former is preferred here as an appropriate description for Eiríkr, who acted as regent of Norway after the battle of Svǫlðr under King Sveinn tjúguskegg of Denmark and, for a time, King Óláfr sœnski.
boð ‘an invitation’
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boð (noun n.; °-s; -): command, offer, feast
[4] boð: bǫð Bb(127vb)
jarli ‘to the jarl [Eiríkr]’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
skylligast ‘’
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skyldliga (adv.)
skylligaz ‘’
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skyldliga (adv.)
skylligazst ‘’
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skyldliga (adv.)
skylldílígast ‘’
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skyldiligr (adj.)
skyldliga ‘’
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skyldliga (adv.)
skyllugaz ‘’
skylligast ‘’
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skyldliga (adv.)
skulldugaz ‘’
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skuldugaðr (adj./verb p.p.)
skylldugaz ‘’
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skyldugr (adj.): [due]
skulldligaz ‘’
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skyldiligr (adj.)
tjalda ‘’
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tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
sko᷎gl ‘’
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
skylligast ‘’
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skyldliga (adv.)
skyldiliga ‘’
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skyldiliga (adv.)
skyldligast ‘most dutifully’
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skyldligr (adj.): [most dutifully]
[5] skyldligast: ‘scylligast’ Holm2, R686ˣ, ‘skylligast’ 972ˣ, ‘skylligazst’ J1ˣ, ‘skylligaz’ J2ˣ, ‘sko᷎gl tiallda’ 61(81ra), ‘skylligast’ 75c, ‘skyllogaz’ 325V, skyldliga 325VII, ‘skylldílígast’ Tóm, ‘skulldligaz’ 61(71vb), 53, ‘skylldugaz’ 54, ‘skulldugaz’ Bb(106rb), ‘skylldeliga’ Flat
skyldi ‘should’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
skilk ‘I understand’
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1. skilja (verb): separate, understand
[6] skilk (‘skil ec’): skil J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 68, skil ok Bb(106rb)
hvert ‘’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
hvárt ‘’
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hvárt (adv.): whether
Gormr ‘’
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Gormr (noun m.): [Gormr, Gorms]
læzk ‘’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
man ‘’
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1. muna (verb): remember
mun ‘’
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munu (verb): will, must
lézk ‘declared’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
[6] lézk: man 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 61(71vb), læzk 325V, mun Bb(127vb), 53, 54, Bb(106rb)
vilja ‘he wanted’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
endi ‘’
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endi (noun m.): end
notes
[7] endr ‘again’: The sense is uncertain. Endr could alternatively mean ‘formerly, in the past’ (from the poet’s perspective), cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV.
til ‘’
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til (prep.): to
notes
[7] at ástafundi ‘to a friendly meeting’: This is the reading of all mss except Kˣ, albeit occasionally in garbled form. Ásta fundr is written as two separate words in the mss, but is printed as a cpd here, as in LP: ástafundr, and see LP for other compounds in ástar-. The Kˣ reading til ásta fundar gives the same meaning and is adopted by Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) and Kock (Skald).
esfta ‘’
esta ‘’
ásta ‘friendly’
[7] ásta‑: ‘esfta’ 73aˣ, 78aˣ, ‘esta’ Bb(106rb)
notes
[7] at ástafundi ‘to a friendly meeting’: This is the reading of all mss except Kˣ, albeit occasionally in garbled form. Ásta fundr is written as two separate words in the mss, but is printed as a cpd here, as in LP: ástafundr, and see LP for other compounds in ástar-. The Kˣ reading til ásta fundar gives the same meaning and is adopted by Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) and Kock (Skald).
funda ‘’
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fundr (noun m.): discovery, meeting
fundu ‘’
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2. finna (verb): find, meet
fundar ‘’
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fundr (noun m.): discovery, meeting
fundi ‘meeting’
[7] ‑fundi: so Holm2, 972ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, 61(81ra), 75c, 325V, Bb(127vb), Tóm, 61(71vb), 53, 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, fundar Kˣ, fundu R686ˣ, funda 78aˣ
notes
[7] at ástafundi ‘to a friendly meeting’: This is the reading of all mss except Kˣ, albeit occasionally in garbled form. Ásta fundr is written as two separate words in the mss, but is printed as a cpd here, as in LP: ástafundr, and see LP for other compounds in ástar-. The Kˣ reading til ásta fundar gives the same meaning and is adopted by Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) and Kock (Skald).
Eireks ‘’
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Eiríkr (noun m.): Eiríkr
Eirekr ‘Eiríkr’
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Eiríkr (noun m.): Eiríkr
[8] Eirekr: ‘eir̄’ 68, 61(81ra), 75c, 61(71vb), Eireks 54, Bb(106rb), ‘œīr’ Flat
kom ‘’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
kómu ‘’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
koma ‘come’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
[8] koma: kómu R686ˣ, ‘ko[…]’ 75c, kom 61(71vb)
þeira ‘with them’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[8] þeira: þeiri J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 78aˣ, ‘þ[…]’ 75c
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Knútr inn ríki (Cnut the Great), having heard of his brother-in-law Eiríkr’s successes in battle, asks him to accompany him on a campaign in England.
[1-4]: All interpretations share the acc. with inf. construction (frák) lofkennda lofða sendu ... ‘(I have heard) that praise-renowned men sent ...’, where sendu is a past inf., lit. ‘to have sent’ (cf. Note to st. 6/8). However, they vary as to the allocation and construal of the objects and adjunct phrases. (a) The interpretation followed here, which is similar to that of Kock in NN §2922, is syntactically the simplest. Lofkennda lofða (m. acc. pl.) ‘glorious men’ functions as the object of frák ‘I have heard’, and hjarls dróttna ‘of the land of lords’ qualifies hjalmsǫmum hilmi ‘helmet-adorned ruler’, which stands in apposition with jarli ‘jarl’ (cf. NN §§581, 1853C). Possible instances of apposition are rare but not unknown in early skaldic poetry (see, e.g., st. 13/2 below, Eyv Hál 7/1-4 and Notes to these). It could be avoided by taking leyfð jarli together as ‘praise(-poem) for the jarl’. (b) Kock, in NN §581, proposed lofða lofken(n)da hjarls dróttna, translated männens prisade landsherre ‘men’s praised lords of the land’ (with sg. referent, Knútr) as the object of frák ‘I have heard’, but he retracted this in NN §2922. (c) ÍF 27 takes dróttna hjarls ‘lords of the land’ in apposition with lofða lofkennda ‘glorious men’ as the object of frák, in addition to the apposition of hilmi and jarli. (d) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B) offers a syntactically counter-intuitive solution with hilmi ‘ruler’ (l. 3) qualified by lofða (m. gen. pl.) ‘of men’ (l. 1), as an adjunct of leyfð ‘praise(-poem)’, hence ‘praise-poem for the ruler of men’. Lofken(n)da ‘praise-renowned’ (l. 2) qualifies dróttna hjarls ‘lords of the land’ (l. 4) as the object of frák ‘I have heard’ and subject of sendu ‘sent’. This is rejected in NN §581 .
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