RvHbreiðm Hl 34III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 34’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1043.
Hjartat ‘The heart’
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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart
notes
[1] hjartat ‘the heart’: Note the suffixed def. art. on this noun.
dugði ‘helped’
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duga (verb; °dugir; dugði; dugat): help, befit
jǫfri ‘prince’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
ǫrum ‘the liberal’
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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave
ýtar ‘men’
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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
fylgðu ‘followed’
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2. fylgja (verb): follow, accompany
[2] fylgðu: so R683ˣ, ‘fijldo’ papp25ˣ
hilmi ‘ruler’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
snǫrum ‘the bold’
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold
segja ‘tell’
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segja (verb): say, tell
kannk ‘I can’
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3. kanna (verb): know, be able
frá ‘about’
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frá (prep.): from
fylkis ‘the leader’s’
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
fǫrum ‘expeditions’
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fǫr (noun f.): journey, fate; movement
fyrða ‘of men’
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2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man
beitti ‘he killed’
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bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite
[4] beitti: beitti hann papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
notes
[4] beitti ‘he killed’: Both mss add the pron. hann ‘he’, which makes the line hypermetrical and has been deleted as part of the process of normalisation in the present edn (it is retained in earlier eds). The verb beita lit. ‘be bitten by’ (beitti 3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) is taken in the meaning ‘kill, hunt, overcome sby’ here (see LP: 2. beita; Fritzner: beita 3; Heggstad et al. 2008: beita 4).
lið ‘the troop’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
ǫrum ‘arrows’
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ǫr (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; ǫrvar/ǫrar): arrow
[4] ǫrum: so R683ˣ, árum papp25ˣ
Harðir ‘Hardened’
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
ôttu ‘joined’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
notes
[5] ôttu saman ‘joined [battle] against one another’: Lit. ‘had [battle] against one another’. Eiga ‘have’ (ôttu 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) with a suppressed object. See Fritzner: eiga saman 4 for this meaning of the verb-adv. collocation.
hermenn ‘warriors’
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hermaðr (noun m.): warrior
saman ‘against one another’
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saman (adv.): together
notes
[5] ôttu saman ‘joined [battle] against one another’: Lit. ‘had [battle] against one another’. Eiga ‘have’ (ôttu 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) with a suppressed object. See Fritzner: eiga saman 4 for this meaning of the verb-adv. collocation.
hilding ‘the lord’
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hildingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
frák ‘I heard that’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
við ‘in’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
gunni ‘warfare’
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gunnr (noun f.): battle
taman ‘was trained’
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temja (verb): tame
hônum ‘he’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
notes
[7] hônum þótti ... gaman ‘he took pleasure’: Lit. ‘it seemed pleasurable to him’.
þótti ‘took’
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2. þykkja (verb): seem, think
notes
[7] hônum þótti ... gaman ‘he took pleasure’: Lit. ‘it seemed pleasurable to him’.
at ‘in’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
geir ‘spear’
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geirr (noun m.): spear < geirleikr (noun m.): spear-play
kennings
geirleik;‘spear-play; ’
= BATTLE
spear-play; → BATTLE
leik ‘play’
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1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play < geirleikr (noun m.): spear-play
[7] ‑leik: ‘‑læc’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
geirleik;‘spear-play; ’
= BATTLE
spear-play; → BATTLE
gaman ‘pleasure’
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gaman (noun n.): joy, pleasure
notes
[7] hônum þótti ... gaman ‘he took pleasure’: Lit. ‘it seemed pleasurable to him’.
greppar ‘poets’
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greppr (noun m.; °; -ar): poet, man
leyfðu ‘praised’
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leyfa (verb): permit; praise
vísa ‘leader’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
framan ‘the outstanding’
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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The heart helped the liberal prince; men followed the bold ruler; I can tell about the leader’s expeditions; he killed the troop of men with arrows. Hardened warriors joined [battle] against one another; I heard that the lord was trained in warfare; he took pleasure in spear-play [BATTLE]; poets praised the outstanding leader.
As st. 33 above.
[1-4]: Cf. the similar rhymes in SnSt Ht 80.
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