RvHbreiðm Hl 33III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 33’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1042.
Óli ‘Óli’
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Óli (noun m.): Óli
notes
[1] Óli: A variant form of Áli (see Hl 1941). The line is peculiar because it has three alliterating staves, but that occurs occasionally in regular hrynhent as well.
fœddi ‘fed’
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2. fœða (verb): to feed, give food to, bring up, bear, give birth to
notes
[1] aldinn ‘the ancient’: For <n> possibly representing <nn>, see Note to st. 5/4.
ara ‘eagle’
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1. ari (noun m.; °-a; -ar): eagle
kveðk ‘I say that’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
hans ‘his’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
snilli ‘prowess’
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snilli (noun f.): eloquence
fara ‘travels’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
eigi ‘not’
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3. eigi (adv.): not
frák ‘hear’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
hann ‘that he’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
arm ‘the arm’
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1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm < armlog (noun n.): [arm-flame]
kennings
armlog;‘the arm-flame; ’
= GOLD
the arm-flame; → GOLD
log ‘flame’
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log (noun n.; °; -): flame < armlog (noun n.): [arm-flame]
kennings
armlog;‘the arm-flame; ’
= GOLD
the arm-flame; → GOLD
spara ‘spared’
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2. spara (verb): spare, withhold
auði ‘with wealth’
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1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth
notes
[4, 8] gœddi; kunni ‘he enriched; he knew’: In both lines, the pers. pron. hann ‘he’, which makes the lines hypermetrical, has been omitted in keeping with the standard process of normalisation in the present edn.
drengi ‘warriors’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
[4] drengi: so R683ˣ, ‘deinge’ papp25ˣ
snara ‘valiant’
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold
Víða ‘Far and wide’
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1. víða (adv.): widely
hygg ‘believe’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
bragna ‘men’
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bragnar (noun m.): men, warriors
bera ‘carry’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
buðlungs ‘of the hero’
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buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince
nafn ‘the name’
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nafn (noun n.; °-s; *-): name
þess ‘who’
[6] þess’s (‘þess er’): er R683ˣ
saddi ‘sated’
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seðja (verb): satisfy, satiate
Gera ‘Geri’
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Geri (noun m.): Geri
notes
[6] Gera ‘Geri <wolf>’: See Note to st. 31/7.
hraustan ‘courageous’
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
spurðak ‘I heard that’
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spyrja (verb; spurði): ask; hear, find out
[7] spurðak (‘spurda ec’): spurði ek R683ˣ
vísa ‘the ruler’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
vera ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[7] vera ‘was’: Lit. ‘be’ (inf.). Note that earlier [s] (vesa) has been rhotacised here ([r] is secured by the rhyme). See Note to st. 13/1 above.
vôpnum ‘with weapons’
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vápn (noun n.; °-s; -): weapon
kunni ‘he knew how’
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kunna (verb): know, can, be able
[8] kunni: kunni hann papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
notes
[4, 8] gœddi; kunni ‘he enriched; he knew’: In both lines, the pers. pron. hann ‘he’, which makes the lines hypermetrical, has been omitted in keeping with the standard process of normalisation in the present edn.
benjar ‘wounds’
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1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound
skera ‘to cut’
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skera (verb): cut
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Óli fed the ancient eagle; I say that his prowess travels very widely; I did not hear that he spared the arm-flame [GOLD]; he enriched valiant warriors with wealth. Far and wide I believe men carry the name of the hero who sated Geri <wolf>; I heard that the ruler was courageous; he knew how to cut wounds with weapons.
The heading is rekit (‘Rekit’) ‘extended’, which is used by Snorri in Ht as a term for an extended kenning (with more than two determinants) and not for a metre (see SnE 2007, 5). Metrically the stanza is similar to SnSt Ht 90 (in minni runhenda ‘the lesser end-rhyme’), which is a variant of hrynhent ‘flowing-rhymed’ (see sts 31-2 above) except that positions 7-8 are occupied by two short syllables rather than by a long plus a short syllable, and these syllables form end-rhymes with positions 7-8 in the following lines.
This metre is also used in Anon Mhkv, possibly composed by the Orcadian bishop Bjarni Kolbeinsson. — Óli is most likely Áli inn frœkni ‘the Brave’ Friðleifsson, a son of Friðleifr Fróðason (see sts 31-2 above; ÍF 26, 48-9; ÍF 35, 16-21; Saxo 2005, I, 6, 4, 10-12, pp. 376-9). According to Skjǫldunga saga (ÍF 35, 17-19), Áli was killed by Starkaðr inn gamli ‘the Old’ Stórvirksson at the instigation of his own half-brother, Fróði. Hkr (ÍF 26, 49) also mentions that Áli was killed by Starkaðr. Saxo gives his name as Olauus (Óláfr) and does not mention his death.
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