Kennings — Þjóðólfr Arnórsson

ÞjóðA Frag 1^II

víðis valmeiðr
‘stallion-beams of the ocean’ = SEAFARERS
the stallion of the ocean → SHIP
the beams of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

seafarer
1.2. tree of the ship

ÞjóðA Frag 1^II

víðis valr
‘of the stallion of the ocean’ = SHIP
the stallion of the ocean → SHIP

ship, boat
1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

ÞjóðA Frag 1^II

hlunngoti
‘roller-steeds’ = SHIPS
roller-steeds → SHIPS

ship, boat
1.2.1.1. horse of the ship

ÞjóðA Frag 1^II

ǫnnur unnvigg
‘other wave-horses’ = SHIPS
other wave-horses → SHIPS

ship, boat
1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

ÞjóðA Frag 2^II

optherðir skúrar odda
‘frequent hardener of the shower of barbs’ = WARRIOR
the shower of barbs, → BATTLE
frequent hardener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

warrior
2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

ÞjóðA Frag 2^II

skúr odda
‘of the shower of barbs’ = BATTLE
the shower of barbs, → BATTLE

battle
1.2.1. shower of weapons

ÞjóðA Frag 2^II

hǫrð él hrings
‘harsh storms of the sword’ = BATTLES
harsh storms of the sword → BATTLES

battle
1.2.1.1. shower of swords

ÞjóðA Frag 3^II

él skips Ullar
‘the storms of Ullr’s ship’ = BATTLES
Ullr’s ship → SHIELD
The storms of the SHIELD → BATTLES

battle
1.2.1.2. shower of shields

ÞjóðA Frag 3^II

skip Ullar
‘of Ullr’s ship’ = SHIELD
Ullr’s ship → SHIELD

shield
13.1. ship of Ullr

ÞjóðA Frag 3^II

slíðrdúkaðar sigla samnagla
‘sheath-covered masts of the rivet’ = SWORDS
sheath-covered masts of the rivet → SWORDS

sword

ÞjóðA Frag 5^II

glǫðuðr hersa
‘the gladdener of hersar’ = RULER
The gladdener of hersar → RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
. gladdener of people

ÞjóðA Frag 5^II

hreins elgver
‘of the pure elk-sea’ = LAND
the pure elk-sea, → LAND

earth, land
1.1. sea of the deer

ÞjóðA Har 2^II

lið-Baldr
‘the troop-Baldr’ = RULER
The troop-Baldr → RULER

warrior
4.1. god of the army

ÞjóðA Har 6^II

hôvan hryngarðr Hléseyjar
‘the high roaring enclosure of Læsø’ = SEA
the high roaring enclosure of Læsø → SEA

sea
1.5. enclosure of the land

ÞjóðA Har 6^II

skaði lindis
‘the harmer of the lime-tree’ = WIND
the harmer of the lime-tree → WIND

storm, wind
1.2. harm of the tree

ÞjóðA Har 7^II

dróttinn Nóregs
‘the lord of Norway’ = Haraldr
the lord of Norway → Haraldr

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.2. ruler of Norway

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

[Baldr] brynþings
‘[The Baldr] of the byrnie-assembly’ = WARRIOR = Sveinn
the byrnie-assembly → BATTLE
[The Baldr] of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Sveinn

warrior
2.3.1.5. Baldr of battle

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

brynþing
‘of the byrnie-assembly’ = BATTLE
the byrnie-assembly → BATTLE

battle
3.2.1. meeting of mail-coats

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

Baldr] fetilstinga
‘the Baldr] of sword-belt stabbers’ = WARRIOR = Haraldr
sword-belt stabbers, → SWORDS
the Baldr] of SWORDS → WARRIOR = Haraldr

warrior
1.4.1.02. Baldr of the weapon

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

fetilstingr
‘of sword-belt stabbers’ = SWORDS
sword-belt stabbers, → SWORDS

sword
10.1. tool of the sword

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

linns láðbrjótr
‘snake’s land-breaker’ = GENEROUS MAN = Sveinn
the land of the snake → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Sveinn

generous man
1.02.1. breaker of gold

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

linns láð
‘of the land of the snake’ = GOLD
the land of the snake → GOLD

gold
3.1.1. land of the serpent (A3)

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

sjá inn nørðri Njǫrðr glymhríðar borða
‘that, the more northerly, Njǫrðr of the clashing storm of shields’ = WARRIOR = Haraldr
the clashing storm of shields → BATTLE
That, the more northerly, Njǫrðr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Haraldr

warrior
2.3.1.2. Njǫrðr of battle

ÞjóðA Lv 3^II

glymhríð borða
‘of the clashing storm of shields’ = BATTLE
the clashing storm of shields → BATTLE

battle
1.2.1.2. shower of shields

ÞjóðA Lv 4^II

móða spjóta
‘the river of spears’ = BLOOD
the river of spears; → BLOOD

blood
1.2. liquid of the weapon (A2)

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

Þórr stórra smiðbelgja
‘The Þórr of huge forge-bellows’ = SMITH
The Þórr of huge forge-bellows → SMITH

smith
1. man of the forging tool

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

hvaptelding
‘jaw-lightnings’ = INSULTS
jaw-lightnings → INSULTS

insult
. lightning of the mouth

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

þorp þrætu
‘quarrel hamlet’ = MOUTH
quarrel hamlet → MOUTH

mouth
1.1. place of speech (A3)

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

hǫldnum jǫtunn kjǫts hafra
‘the proud giant of goats’ flesh’ = TANNER
the proud giant of goats’ flesh. → TANNER

tanner

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

glaðr Geirrøðr hrøkkviskafls húða
‘the cheerful Geirrøðr of the curving scraper of hides’ = TANNER
The cheerful Geirrøðr of the curving scraper of hides → TANNER

tanner

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

hljóðgreip
‘with his sound-grabbers’ = EARS
with his sound-grabbers → EARS

ears
1. grips of hearing (A1a)

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

þeiri sía smiðju galdra
‘that molten substance of the smithy of spells’ = INSULTS
the smithy of spells, → MOUTH
that molten substance of the MOUTH → INSULTS

insult
. spark of the mouth

ÞjóðA Lv 5^II

smiðja galdra
‘of the smithy of spells’ = MOUTH
the smithy of spells, → MOUTH

mouth
1.1. place of speech (A3)

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

Sigurðr sleggju
‘The Sigurðr of the sledge-hammer’ = SMITH
The Sigurðr of the sledge-hammer → SMITH

smith
1. man of the forging tool

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

snákr váligrar brákar
‘the snake of the dangerous tanning tool’ = TANNER
the snake of the dangerous tanning tool, → TANNER

tanner

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

skafdreki skinna
‘the scraping-dragon of skins’ = TANNER
the scraping-dragon of skins → TANNER

tanner

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

heiðr leista
‘the heath of feet’ = FLOOR
the heath of feet. → FLOOR

floor, ground
1. land of feet

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

kilja ilvegs
‘in the covering of the sole-path’ = SHOE
the sole-path, → FOOT
in the covering of the FOOT → SHOE

shoe
2. covering of the foot

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

ilvegr
‘of the sole-path’ = FOOT
the sole-path, → FOOT

foot
2. path of the sole (A3)

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

neflangr konungr tangar
‘the long-nosed king of tongs’ = SMITH
the long-nosed king of tongs → SMITH

smith
1. man of the forging tool

ÞjóðA Lv 6^II

naðr nautaleðrs
‘the serpent of ox-leather’ = TANNER
the serpent of ox-leather. → TANNER

tanner

ÞjóðA Lv 8^II

ilfat
‘a sole-vessel’ = SHOE/FOOT
A sole-vessel → SHOE/FOOT

shoe
3. vessel of the foot

ÞjóðA Lv 10^II

hefnandi snarráðs Haralds
‘the avengers of swift-counselled Haraldr’ = Magnús and Óláfr
the avengers of swift-counselled Haraldr → Magnús and Óláfr

Magnús II Haraldsson and Óláfr III kyrri Haraldsson
1. avengers of Haraldr harðráði

ÞjóðA Magn 1^II

mǫgr Ôleifs ins digra
‘the son of Óláfr inn digri (‘the stout’)’ = Magnús
The son of Óláfr inn digri (‘the Stout’) → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.1. son of Óláfr Haraldsson

ÞjóðA Magn 2^II

sverð-Gautr
‘sword-Gautr’ = WARRIOR
sword-Gautr; → WARRIOR

warrior
1.4.1.01. Óðinn of the weapon

ÞjóðA Magn 2^II

árr auðs
‘the envoys of wealth’ = GENEROUS MEN
the envoys of wealth. → GENEROUS MEN

generous man
2.7. envoy of wealth

ÞjóðA Magn 4^II

auðtróða
‘for the wealth-pole’ = WOMAN
For the wealth-pole → WOMAN

female, woman
1.2. tree, wood of riches, wealth (B2c)

ÞjóðA Magn 5^II

snarr harri Skônunga
‘the valiant ruler of the Skánungar’ = Magnús
The valiant ruler of the Skánungar → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
4.1. lord of Danish people

ÞjóðA Magn 5^II

aldrprúðr allvaldr Lundar
‘the life-splendid overlord of Lund’ = Magnús
the life-splendid overlord of Lund → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
4.2. lord of Denmark

ÞjóðA Magn 6^II

land hróka
‘the land of cormorants’ = SEA
the land of cormorants → SEA

sea
6.1. land of the aquatic bird

ÞjóðA Magn 7^II

Freyr víga
‘Freyr of battles’ = WARRIOR
Freyr of battles, → WARRIOR

warrior
2.3.1.3. Freyr of battle

ÞjóðA Magn 7^II

vef-Gefn
‘the weaving-Gefn’ = WOMAN
the weaving-Gefn → WOMAN

female, woman
5.1. female mythical being of cloth (B2b)

ÞjóðA Magn 7^II

glam vápna
‘the tumult of weapons’ = BATTLE
the tumult of weapons. → BATTLE

battle
2.1. din of weapons

ÞjóðA Magn 8^II

ramr sverðdynr
‘a mighty sword-tumult’ = BATTLE
a mighty sword-tumult → BATTLE

battle
2.1.1. din of swords

ÞjóðA Magn 9^II

sonr Ôleifs
‘Óláfr’s son’ = Magnús
Óláfr’s son → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.1. son of Óláfr Haraldsson

ÞjóðA Magnfl 1^II

sonr Ôleifs
‘Óláfr’s son’ = Magnús
Óláfr’s son, → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.1. son of Óláfr Haraldsson

ÞjóðA Magnfl 2^II

húnskrift
‘the decorated clothof the mast-top ’ = SAIL
the decorated cloth of the mast-top → SAIL

sail
1.1. cloth of the mast-top

ÞjóðA Magnfl 3^II

ilrjóðr arnar
‘sole-reddener of the eagle’ = WARRIOR
sole-reddener of the eagle, → WARRIOR

warrior
3.1.03. stainer of the bird of battlefield

ÞjóðA Magnfl 3^II

sonr Alfífu
‘Ælfgifu’s son’ = Sveinn
Ælfgifu’s son → Sveinn

Sveinn Álfífuson (r. 1030-1035)
2. son of Ælfgifu

ÞjóðA Magnfl 5^II

mǫgr Ulfs
‘Úlfr’s kinsman’ = Sveinn Úlfsson
Úlfr’s kinsman → Sveinn Úlfsson

Sveinn Úlfsson (r. 1047-1076)
1.1. son of Úlfr Þorgilsson

ÞjóðA Magnfl 5^II

sonr Ôleifs
‘Óláfr’s son’ = Magnús
Óláfr’s son, → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.1. son of Óláfr Haraldsson

ÞjóðA Magnfl 5^II

gramr Skônunga
‘the lord of the Skánungar’ = Magnús
the lord of the Skánungar, → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
4.1. lord of Danish people

ÞjóðA Magnfl 6^II

konr Ellu
‘the descendant of Ella’ = Magnús
The descendant of Ella → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.4. descendant of a legendary king

ÞjóðA Magnfl 6^II

meiri geirhríð
‘a greater spear-storm’ = BATTLE
a greater spear-storm → BATTLE

battle
1.2.1.3. shower of spears

ÞjóðA Magnfl 7^II

bróðursonr Haralds
‘the brother’s son of Haraldr’ = Magnús
the brother’s son of Haraldr → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.2. nephew of Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

bitr brandleikr
‘biting sword-sport’ = BATTLE
biting sword-sport → BATTLE

battle
4.1.1. play of swords

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

bǫrr glóða grœðis
‘the trees of the embers of the ocean’ = MEN
the embers of the ocean, → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN

male, man
1.1. tree of gold

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

glóð grœðis
‘of the embers of the ocean’ = GOLD
the embers of the ocean, → GOLD

gold
1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1)

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

Heðins manþinga serkjar merkjandi
‘of Heðinn’s maiden-assembly’ = WARRIORS
Heðinn’s maiden → Hildr
the assembly of HILDR → BATTLE
the shirt of the BATTLE → ARMOUR
stainers of the ARMOUR → WARRIORS

warrior
1.8.1. stainer of armour

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

Heðins manþinga serkr
‘of the shirt of the assembly of Heðinn’s maiden’ = ARMOUR
Heðinn’s maiden → Hildr
the assembly of HILDR → BATTLE
the shirt of the BATTLE → ARMOUR

mail-coat
1.1. garment of battle

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

Heðins manþing
‘of the assembly of Heðinn’s maiden’ = BATTLE
Heðinn’s maiden → Hildr
the assembly of HILDR → BATTLE

battle
3.4. meeting of the valkyrie

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

Heðins man
‘of Heðinn’s maiden’ = Hildr
Heðinn’s maiden → Hildr

Hildr
1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)

ÞjóðA Magnfl 8^II

gnýr geirs
‘tumult of the spear’ = BATTLE
tumult of the spear. → BATTLE

battle
2.1.2. din of spears

ÞjóðA Magnfl 9^II

senna vápna
‘the slander-match of weapons’ = BATTLE
the slander-match of weapons, → BATTLE

battle
5.1. strife of weapons

ÞjóðA Magnfl 9^II

bǫrr baugs
‘trees of the ring’ = MEN
trees of the ring → MEN

male, man
1.3. tree of rings

ÞjóðA Magnfl 11^II

bǫðský
‘battle-clouds’ = SHIELDS
battle-clouds → SHIELDS

shield
2.1.1. cloud of battle

ÞjóðA Magnfl 12^II

vǫrðr vagna kjalar
‘the guardian of waggons of the keel’ = SEAFARER
waggons of the keel, → SHIPS
The guardian of SHIPS → SEAFARER

seafarer
1.1.03. guardian of the ship

ÞjóðA Magnfl 12^II

vagn kjalar
‘of waggons of the keel’ = SHIPS
waggons of the keel, → SHIPS

ship, boat
4.2. chariot of the ship

ÞjóðA Magnfl 12^II

Hrafn varar
‘of the Hrafn of the landing-stage’ = SHIP
the Hrafn of the landing-stage; → SHIP

ship, boat
1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

ÞjóðA Magnfl 13^II

inn dýri svanfoldar sólrýrandi
‘sun-diminisher of the swan-land’ = GENEROUS MAN
the swan-land → SEA
the sun of the SEA → GOLD
the excellent diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

generous man
1.03.1. diminisher of gold

ÞjóðA Magnfl 13^II

svanfoldar sól
‘of the sun of the swan-land’ = GOLD
the swan-land → SEA
the sun of the SEA → GOLD

gold
1.3. heavenly body of waters (A1)

ÞjóðA Magnfl 13^II

svanfold
‘of the swan-land’ = SEA
the swan-land → SEA

sea
6.1. land of the aquatic bird

ÞjóðA Magnfl 13^II

stafr hjǫrva
‘to the staves of swords’ = WARRIORS
to the staves of swords; → WARRIORS

warrior
1.3. stave/pole of the weapon

ÞjóðA Magnfl 14^II

viðr harðéls Hramma
‘trees of the harsh storm of Hrammi’ = WARRIORS
the harsh storm of Hrammi → BATTLE
trees of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

warrior
2.1. tree of battle

ÞjóðA Magnfl 14^II

harðél Hramma
‘of the harsh storm of Hrammi’ = BATTLE
the harsh storm of Hrammi → BATTLE

battle
1.2.3. shower of Óðinn

ÞjóðA Magnfl 14^II

feigir hjǫrva gnýstafr
‘din-staves of swords’ = WARRIORS
the din of swords → BATTLE
the doomed staves of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

warrior
2.2. stave of battle

ÞjóðA Magnfl 14^II

hjǫrva gnýr
‘of the din of swords’ = BATTLE
the din of swords → BATTLE

battle
2.1.1. din of swords

ÞjóðA Magnfl 15^II

nýtum nefi Knúts
‘for the capable nephew of Knútr’ = Sveinn
for the capable nephew of Knútr → Sveinn

Sveinn Úlfsson (r. 1047-1076)
2. nephew of Knútr inn ríki Sveinsson (r. 1014-1035)

ÞjóðA Magnfl 16^II

ræsir þrœnda
‘ruler of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
ruler of the Þrœndir; → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

ÞjóðA Magnfl 16^II

vinr gœðinga
‘friend of nobles’ = RULER
Friend of nobles, → RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
1.2. friend of people

ÞjóðA Magnfl 17^II

mætr gramr mœra
‘the excellent lord of the mœrir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
The excellent lord of the Mœrir → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

ÞjóðA Magnfl 19^II

sóknstœrir
‘the onslaught-sweller’ = WARRIOR
the onslaught-sweller → WARRIOR

warrior
2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

ÞjóðA Magnfl 19^II

buðlungr þrœnda
‘the prince of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
The prince of the Þrœndir → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

ÞjóðA Run 2^II

veðr járnsǫxu
‘his gale of járnsaxa’ = MIND
His gale of Járnsaxa → MIND

mind, thought
1.1. storm, wind of the giantess

ÞjóðA Run 2^II

faðir Ôleifs
‘for Óláfr’s father’ = Haraldr
for Óláfr’s father, → Haraldr

Haraldr III harðráði Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66)
1.3. father of Óláfr kyrri Haraldsson

ÞjóðA Run 3^II

hlýri ins helga, frams grams
‘the brother of the holy, outstanding king’ = Óláfr > = Haraldr
the brother of the holy, outstanding king → Óláfr > = Haraldr

ÞjóðA Run 4^II

sá konr haukstalda
‘the descendant of princes’ = RULER = Magnús
The descendant of princes, → RULER = Magnús

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
2.1. descendant of a ruler

ÞjóðA Run 4^II

bróðursonr Haralds
‘the brother’s son of Haraldr’ = Magnús
the brother’s son of Haraldr. → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.2. nephew of Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson

ÞjóðA Sex 1^II

hlífél
‘a shield-storm’ = BATTLE
a shield-storm → BATTLE

battle
1.2.1.2. shower of shields

ÞjóðA Sex 1^II

brennir Bolgara
‘the burner of Bulgars’ = Haraldr
the burner of Bulgars → Haraldr

Haraldr III harðráði Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66)
2. defeater of foreign people

ÞjóðA Sex 1^II

hjalmsetr
‘helmet-stand’ = HEAD
helmet-stand. → HEAD

head
2.2. rest or support of headgear (A1b and A3)

ÞjóðA Sex 2^II

—ungr hǫtuðr tandrauðs ormtorgs
‘—the young hater of the flame-red dragon-square’ = RULER
the flame-red dragon-square → GOLD
—the young hater of the GOLD → RULER

generous man
1.06. hater of wealth

ÞjóðA Sex 2^II

tandrauðs ormtorg
‘of the flame-red dragon-square’ = GOLD
the flame-red dragon-square → GOLD

gold
3.1.3. path of the serpent (A3)

ÞjóðA Sex 2^II

herskorðuðr
‘the troop-supporter’ = WARRIOR
the troop-supporter, → WARRIOR

warrior
4.3.4. supporter of the army

ÞjóðA Sex 2^II

harðan leikr Hildar
‘the harsh sport of Hildr’ = BATTLE
the harsh sport of Hildr → BATTLE

battle
4.2. play of Hildr

ÞjóðA Sex 3^II

skyndir dolgljóss
‘the speeder of battle-light’ = WARRIOR
battle-light → SWORD
the speeder of the SWORD → WARRIOR

warrior
1.7.01.4. hastener of the weapon

ÞjóðA Sex 3^II

dolgljós
‘of battle-light’ = SWORD
battle-light → SWORD

sword
1.2.1. light of battle

ÞjóðA Sex 3^II

ómynda elja Rindar
‘the rival of Rindr lacking bride-payment’ = Jǫrð
the rival of Rindr lacking bride-payment. → Jǫrð

Jǫrð
3. rival of Rindr (C3a)

ÞjóðA Sex 3^II

haglfaldinni mær Ánars
‘the hail-coifed maiden of Ánarr’ = Jǫrð
the hail-coifed maiden of Ánarr → Jǫrð

Jǫrð
2. woman of Ánarr/Ónarr (C3a or C4a)

ÞjóðA Sex 7^II

eyðir sútar heiðingja
‘the destroyer of the care of the wolf [lit. heath-goer]’ = WARRIOR
The destroyer of the care of the wolf [lit. heath-goer] → WARRIOR

warrior
3.2.2. gladdener of the wolf

ÞjóðA Sex 7^II

eyðir sútar
‘the destroyer of the care’ = GLADDENER
The destroyer of the care → GLADDENER

gladdener
1. destroyer of the sorrow

ÞjóðA Sex 7^II

allvaldr egða
‘the overlord of the egðir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
The overlord of the Egðir → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

ÞjóðA Sex 7^II

stillir Girkja
‘the ruler of the Greeks’ = Michael
the ruler of the Greeks → Michael

Michael V Kalaphates
2. lord of the Greeks

ÞjóðA Sex 8^II

hneykir hertoga
‘the confounder of war-leaders’ = RULER
the confounder of war-leaders → RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
1.4. defeater of people

ÞjóðA Sex 8^II

herfingnum skunduðr haugs
‘the war-captured impeller of the mound’ = GENEROUS RULER
the war-captured impeller of the mound; → GENEROUS RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

ÞjóðA Sex 10^II

sonr Ôleifs
‘Óláfr’s son’ = Magnús
Óláfr’s son → Magnús

Magnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.1. son of Óláfr Haraldsson

ÞjóðA Sex 11^II

hjaldr-vitjuðr
‘of the battle-frequenter’ = WARRIOR
the battle-frequenter → WARRIOR

warrior

ÞjóðA Sex 11^II

dýrum dolgstœrandi
‘the excellent war-sweller’ = WARRIOR
the excellent war-sweller. → WARRIOR

warrior
2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

ÞjóðA Sex 11^II

feitir folkstara
‘to the fattener of the war-starling’ = WARRIOR
the war-starling; → RAVEN
to the fattener of the RAVEN → WARRIOR

warrior
3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

ÞjóðA Sex 11^II

folkstari
‘of the war-starling’ = RAVEN
the war-starling; → RAVEN

raven/eagle
1.1. bird of battle (A2)

ÞjóðA Sex 13^II

lystr, varghollr veitir vingjafa
‘the eager, wolf-gracious bestower of friendly gifts’ = GENEROUS RULER
The eager, wolf-gracious bestower of friendly gifts → GENEROUS RULER

generous man

ÞjóðA Sex 14^II

nýtr ráðandi manndáða
‘the excellent performer of manly deeds’ = RULER
The excellent performer of manly deeds → RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

ÞjóðA Sex 15^II

gjald Finna
‘the tribute of the Saami’ = ARROWS
the tribute of the Saami → ARROWS

arrow
4.2. payment of the Saami

ÞjóðA Sex 16^II

hraustum fœðir døkks hrafns
‘the bold feeder of the dark raven’ = WARRIOR = Sveinn
the bold feeder of the dark raven → WARRIOR = Sveinn

warrior
3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

ÞjóðA Sex 16^II

konungr Jóta
‘of the king of the Jótar’ = DANISH KING = Sveinn
the king of the Jótar → DANISH KING = Sveinn

Danish king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Danes

ÞjóðA Sex 16^II

snjǫllum skerðir hrings
‘for the valiant damager of the ring’ = GENEROUS MAN
for the valiant damager of the ring → GENEROUS MAN

generous man
1.01.2. destroyer of rings

ÞjóðA Sex 17^II

gegnan gramr Sogns
‘the upright lord of Sogn’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
the upright lord of Sogn → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.2. ruler of Norway

ÞjóðA Sex 20^II

hleypikjóll hæls
‘the speeding ships of the heel’ = SHOES
the speeding ships of the heel → SHOES

shoe
1. ship of the foot

ÞjóðA Sex 21^II

hneykir Holmbúa
‘the confounder of the Island-dwellers’ = Haraldr
The confounder of the Island-dwellers → Haraldr

Haraldr III harðráði Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66)
2. defeater of foreign people

ÞjóðA Sex 21^II

hár hrótgarmr
‘the towering roof-hound’ = FIRE
the towering roof-hound → FIRE

fire, flame
2.1. dog of wood

ÞjóðA Sex 22^II

hristir hertoga
‘the shaker of war-leaders’ = RULER
the shaker of war-leaders → RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

ÞjóðA Sex 22^II

galli Hôolfs
‘of the destruction of Hálfr’ = FIRE
the destruction of Hálfr → FIRE

fire, flame
5. harm of Hálfr

ÞjóðA Sex 23^II

fylkir hǫrða
‘the ruler of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
The ruler of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

ÞjóðA Sex 24^II

aldyggr eyðir Selundbyggva
‘the most excellent destroyer of Sjælland-dwellers’ = Haraldr
The most excellent destroyer of Sjælland-dwellers → Haraldr

Haraldr III harðráði Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66)
2. defeater of foreign people

ÞjóðA Sex 25^II

hljótandi sverðs
‘the possessors of the sword’ = WARRIORS
The possessors of the sword → WARRIORS

warrior
1.7.20. possessor of the weapon

ÞjóðA Sex 26^II

vekjandi hjaldrs snekkju
‘the rouser of the warship’s battle’ = WARRIOR
The rouser of the warship’s battle → WARRIOR

warrior
2.5.3.1. awakener of battle

ÞjóðA Sex 27^II

ǫrð burðar Yrsu
‘with the grain of the offspring of Yrsa’ = GOLD
the offspring of Yrsa → Hrólfr kraki
with the grain of HRÓLFR KRAKI → GOLD

gold
9.3.1. grain of Hrólfr kraki (A1)

ÞjóðA Sex 27^II

burðr Yrsu
‘of the offspring of Yrsa’ = Hrólfr kraki
the offspring of Yrsa → Hrólfr kraki

Hrólfr kraki
. descendant of Yrsa

ÞjóðA Sex 27^II

bjartplógaðan brattakr vǫluspakra bauga
‘the bright-ploughed steep field of joint-calm rings’ = ARM
the bright-ploughed steep field of joint-calm rings → ARM

arm, hand
2.1. place of the ring (A3)

ÞjóðA Sex 27^II

ljósu barr Kraka
‘bright barley of Kraki (‘Pole-ladder’)’ = GOLD
bright barley of Kraki (‘Pole-ladder’) → GOLD

gold
9.3.1. grain of Hrólfr kraki (A1)

ÞjóðA Sex 27^II

kalfa hauks
‘territories of the hawk’ = ARMS
territories of the hawk, → ARMS

arm, hand
1.1.1. land of the bird of prey (A3)

ÞjóðA Sex 28^II

hveiti hræteinn
‘wheat of carrion-twigs’ = SPEARS
wheat of carrion-twigs → SPEARS

spear

ÞjóðA Sex 28^II

Yggjar valbygg
‘Yggr’s falcon-barley’ = CORPSES
the falcon of Yggr → RAVEN
the barley of the RAVEN → CORPSES

corpse, slain
1.1. food of the raven/eagle

ÞjóðA Sex 28^II

Yggjar valr
‘of the falcon of Yggr’ = RAVEN
the falcon of Yggr → RAVEN

raven
1.1. bird of Óðinn (A2)

ÞjóðA Sex 29^II

blóðorri
‘the blood-grouse’ = RAVEN
the blood-grouse → RAVEN

raven/eagle
1.2. bird of blood (A2)

ÞjóðA Sex 29^II

barr ara
‘the eagle’s barley’ = CORPSES
the eagle’s barley; → CORPSES

corpse, slain
1.1. food of the raven/eagle

ÞjóðA Sex 29^II

konungr hǫrða
‘the king of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
the king of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr

Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

ÞjóðA Sex 29^II

sigð Gauts
‘the sickle of Gautr’ = SWORD
the sickle of Gautr → SWORD

sword
10.5. tool of Óðinn

ÞjóðA Sex 29^II

ǫrð svans sveita
‘the corn of the swan of blood’ = CORPSES
the swan of blood. → RAVEN
the corn of the RAVEN → CORPSES

corpse, slain
1.1. food of the raven/eagle

ÞjóðA Sex 29^II

svanr sveita
‘of the swan of blood’ = RAVEN
the swan of blood. → RAVEN

raven/eagle
1.2. bird of blood (A2)

ÞjóðA Sex 30^II

greddir hrægamms sævar ara
‘the feeder of the corpse-vulture of the sea of the eagle’ = WARRIOR
the sea of the eagle → BLOOD
the corpse-vulture of the BLOOD → RAVEN
The feeder of the RAVEN → WARRIOR

warrior
3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

ÞjóðA Sex 30^II

hrægammr sævar ara
‘of the corpse-vulture of the sea of the eagle’ = RAVEN
the sea of the eagle → BLOOD
the corpse-vulture of the BLOOD → RAVEN

raven/eagle
1.2. bird of blood (A2)

ÞjóðA Sex 30^II

sjór ara
‘of the sea of the eagle’ = BLOOD
the sea of the eagle → BLOOD

blood
1.5.1. liquid of the raven/eagle (A2)

ÞjóðA Sex 31^II

sonr Sigvorðar
‘the son of Sigurðr’ = Haraldr
the son of Sigurðr → Haraldr

Haraldr III harðráði Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66)
1.1. son of Sigurðr sýr

ÞjóðA Sex 32^II

hár, hugreifr stjóri hirðar
‘the tall, mind-cheerful commander of the retinue’ = RULER
The tall, mind-cheerful commander of the retinue → RULER

chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
1.1. lord of people