Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 63’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1175.
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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
[1] kendi ‘taught’: In R ‘kend’ has been altered to ‘kendi’ (R*).
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1. støkkva (verb): (str.) leap, spring; scatter < støkkvilundr (noun m.)
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1. lundr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar): grove, tree < støkkvilundr (noun m.)
[1] ‑lundum: lundu 81a
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
[2] falda rauðu ‘to hood themselves in red’: I.e. ‘die’. Cf. Sturl Hákkv 21/1II.
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2. falda (verb): cover, clothe
[2] falda rauðu ‘to hood themselves in red’: I.e. ‘die’. Cf. Sturl Hákkv 21/1II.
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rekkr (noun m.; °; -ar): man, champion
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stýra (verb): steer, control
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3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct
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til (prep.): to
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
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rjóða (verb): to redden
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barð (noun n.): prow, stern (of a ship)
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austan (adv.): from the east
[4] austan fjarðar ‘east of the fjord’: I.e. east of Oslofjorden. According to Hák, this battle took place near the farmstead Apelsäter (ON Apaldrssetr) in Tanum parish, Bohuslän.
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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord
[4] austan fjarðar ‘east of the fjord’: I.e. east of Oslofjorden. According to Hák, this battle took place near the farmstead Apelsäter (ON Apaldrssetr) in Tanum parish, Bohuslän.
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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
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3. renna (verb): let run (weak)
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eljun (noun f.; °eljunar): energy < eljunstrǫnd (noun f.)
[5] eljun‑: elju 81a
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strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore < eljunstrǫnd (noun f.)
[5] ‑strandir: straddir E, standir 42ˣ, strandi 81a
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword
[6] hringa: hingat 42ˣ
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skerðir (noun m.): diminisher
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
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stœra (verb): increase, strengthen
[7] stœrði: stœrðir 42ˣ, stýrði 81a, ‘sterdi’ 8
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
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1. heili (noun m.; °-a): brain
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grund (noun f.): earth, land
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meginund (noun f.): [mighty wounds]
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The ruler of battle [WARRIOR = Skúli] taught impelling trees of swords [WARRIORS] to hood themselves in red east of the fjord; warriors steered the reddened prow straight to the shore. The notcher of rings [GENEROUS MAN] ran the energy-shores [CHESTS] of the troop of men through with sword-points; the leader increased mighty wounds of the ground of the brain [HEAD] with the sharp sword.
This hrynhent variant is called trollsháttr ‘troll’s verse-form’. In all lines, the first internal rhyme falls in position 3, which causes a trochaic rhythm (see draugsháttr ‘ghost’s verse-form’, st. 30 above). The stanza is cited in Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (Hák) to document events that took place in 1221, when Skúli fought a battle against one of the Ribbung chieftains, Gunnarr Ásuson, in Bohuslän (now Sweden), east of Oslofjorden. Gunnarr and ninety of his men fell in that battle.
In Hák the stanza is attributed to Snorri Sturluson (81a has ‘Sverri Sturluson’), and in 81a, 8 and Flat it is assigned to Ht. — For this metre, see also RvHbreiðm Hl 73-4.
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