Ólhv Hryn 4II
Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 661-2.
Snœfrir ‘Skilful’
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snœfr (adj.): vigorous, skilful, strong
notes
[1, 4] snœfrir vinir hvárskis ‘skilful friends of neither [prince]’: I.e. the liegemen of Hákon and Skúli, whose backbiting frequently brought the two into conflict.
drógu ‘aroused’
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2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw
meðal ‘between’
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meðal (prep.): between
jǫfra ‘the princes’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
aldir ‘people’
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
kóðu ‘said’
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kveða (verb; kveð, kvað, kveðinn): (str.) say, recite, sing
[2] kóðu: kóðusk 304ˣ, 325VIII 5 b, Flat
varla ‘hardly’
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varla (adv.): hardly
[2] varla: so F, 42ˣ, 81a, 304ˣ, Flat, ‘uallḍa’ E, valda 325VIII 5 b
ǫðlings ‘the chieftain’s’
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ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
[3] ǫðlings heit: ǫðling sleit 304ˣ
heit ‘promises’
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2. heita (verb): be called, promise
[3] ǫðlings heit: ǫðling sleit 304ˣ; heit: so F, 42ˣ, 81a, ‘hæitt’ E, ‘hǽst’ 325VIII 5 b, hest Flat
við ‘to’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
all ‘mighty ruler’
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all- ((prefix)): very < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler
[3] all‑: ‘alld‑’ F
vald ‘’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler
mætan ‘the excellent’
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mætr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): honoured, respected
árskapðan ‘the long-standing’
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árskapaðr (adj.): [long-standing]
grun ‘mistrust’
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grunr (noun m.): suspicion, deceit
vinir ‘friends’
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
notes
[1, 4] snœfrir vinir hvárskis ‘skilful friends of neither [prince]’: I.e. the liegemen of Hákon and Skúli, whose backbiting frequently brought the two into conflict.
hvárskis ‘of neither’
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hvárki (conj.): neither
notes
[1, 4] snœfrir vinir hvárskis ‘skilful friends of neither [prince]’: I.e. the liegemen of Hákon and Skúli, whose backbiting frequently brought the two into conflict.
Minnigr ‘The mindful’
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minnigr (adj.; °compar. minngari, superl. -astr/minngastr): mindful
bjoggi ‘steered’
[5] bjoggi: so F, 42ˣ, bjó E, 81a, ‘biuggi’ 304ˣ, ‘bjuggi’ 325VIII 5 b, bygði Flat
siklingr ‘king’
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siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
[5] siklingr: siklings 42ˣ, 304ˣ, sikling 81a
sunnan ‘from the south’
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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south
sunda ‘of the seas’
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
kennings
vigg sunda‘steeds of the seas ’
= SHIPS
steeds of the seas → SHIPS
vigg ‘steeds’
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vigg (noun n.): steed
kennings
vigg sunda‘steeds of the seas ’
= SHIPS
steeds of the seas → SHIPS
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
jarl ‘the jarl’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
stǫkk ‘fled’
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1. støkkva (verb): (str.) leap, spring; scatter
undan ‘’
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undan (adv.): away, away from
brugðusk ‘abandoned’
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bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change
[7] brugðusk: so 42ˣ, 81a, Flat, ‘rygduz’ E, ‘brugd og’ 304ˣ, ‘brygduz’ 325VIII 5 b
jǫfri ‘prince’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
nýtum ‘the able’
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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able
[7] nýtum: mætu 42ˣ, mætum Flat
austr ‘east’
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2. austr (noun n.; °-s): the east
of ‘across’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
fjall ‘the mountains’
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1. fjall (noun n.): mountain
notes
[8] með snjalla drengi ‘with brave men’: This phrase could be construed with either the first cl. of the second helmingr (minnigr siklingr bjoggi vigg sunda sunnan ‘the mindful king steered steeds of the seas from the south’; so Skj B) or with the second cl. (en jarl stǫkk undan austr of fjall ‘and the jarl fled east across the mountains’; so NN §1344). While the first option is syntactically simpler, the second is contextually preferable, since the prose text, l. 7 of the st. and Anon (Hák) 3 indicate that Skúli was abandoned by many of his men.
drengi ‘men’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
notes
[8] drengi (m. acc. pl.) ‘men’: Used as an acc. of accompaniment with the preposition með ‘with’ (l. 8). The origin and meaning of the word drengr (m. nom. sg.) are much debated by scholars. The most basic meaning of the term in skaldic poetry, as in the present st., is ‘(youthful) man’, which often carried the connotation ‘warrior’ by hyponymy (see Goetting 2006). — [8] með snjalla drengi ‘with brave men’: This phrase could be construed with either the first cl. of the second helmingr (minnigr siklingr bjoggi vigg sunda sunnan ‘the mindful king steered steeds of the seas from the south’; so Skj B) or with the second cl. (en jarl stǫkk undan austr of fjall ‘and the jarl fled east across the mountains’; so NN §1344). While the first option is syntactically simpler, the second is contextually preferable, since the prose text, l. 7 of the st. and Anon (Hák) 3 indicate that Skúli was abandoned by many of his men.
drengi ‘men’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
notes
[8] drengi (m. acc. pl.) ‘men’: Used as an acc. of accompaniment with the preposition með ‘with’ (l. 8). The origin and meaning of the word drengr (m. nom. sg.) are much debated by scholars. The most basic meaning of the term in skaldic poetry, as in the present st., is ‘(youthful) man’, which often carried the connotation ‘warrior’ by hyponymy (see Goetting 2006). — [8] með snjalla drengi ‘with brave men’: This phrase could be construed with either the first cl. of the second helmingr (minnigr siklingr bjoggi vigg sunda sunnan ‘the mindful king steered steeds of the seas from the south’; so Skj B) or with the second cl. (en jarl stǫkk undan austr of fjall ‘and the jarl fled east across the mountains’; so NN §1344). While the first option is syntactically simpler, the second is contextually preferable, since the prose text, l. 7 of the st. and Anon (Hák) 3 indicate that Skúli was abandoned by many of his men.
snjalla ‘brave’
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
notes
[8] með snjalla drengi ‘with brave men’: This phrase could be construed with either the first cl. of the second helmingr (minnigr siklingr bjoggi vigg sunda sunnan ‘the mindful king steered steeds of the seas from the south’; so Skj B) or with the second cl. (en jarl stǫkk undan austr of fjall ‘and the jarl fled east across the mountains’; so NN §1344). While the first option is syntactically simpler, the second is contextually preferable, since the prose text, l. 7 of the st. and Anon (Hák) 3 indicate that Skúli was abandoned by many of his men.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Skilful friends of neither [prince] again aroused the long-standing mistrust between the princes; people said the chieftain’s promises to the excellent mighty ruler were hardly kept. The mindful king steered steeds of the seas [SHIPS] from the south with brave men, and the jarl fled east across the mountains; men abandoned the able prince.
In 1236 Hákon sailed with his fleet from Bergen to Trondheim to meet with Skúli and reconcile their differences. Not daring to meet him there, Skúli fled south over the mountains with his men, many of whom deserted him.
See also Anon (Hák) 3. — [2-4] aldir kóðu heit ǫðlings varla haldask við mætan allvald ‘people said the chieftain’s promises to the excellent mighty ruler were hardly kept’: I.e. the pledges Skúli made to Hákon at the assembly in Bergen in 1233 (see st. 3/7 above).
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