Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 17’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 21.
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4. vaka (verb): awaken
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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stikill (noun m.; °dat. stikli; stiklar): (Stikle-)
[1, 2] Stiklastǫðum ‘Stiklestad’: The battle of Stiklestad, in Verdalen, Trøndelag, at which Óláfr lost his life, took place on 29 July 1030. The p. n. occurs with tmesis every time it appears in poetry, doubtless because of the double alliteration on ‘st’, which would require resolution of the two short syllables (-staðir), impossible in position 3 in skaldic poetry before C14th.
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víðlendr (adj.): widely-landed
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1. staðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s; -ir): place
[1, 2] Stiklastǫðum ‘Stiklestad’: The battle of Stiklestad, in Verdalen, Trøndelag, at which Óláfr lost his life, took place on 29 July 1030. The p. n. occurs with tmesis every time it appears in poetry, doubtless because of the double alliteration on ‘st’, which would require resolution of the two short syllables (-staðir), impossible in position 3 in skaldic poetry before C14th.
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síðan (adv.): later, then
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innþrœndr (noun m.): one of the Innþrœndir
[3] Innþrœndum (poss. dat. pl.): The Innþrœndir were people from the inner districts of Trøndelag.
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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1. und (noun f.; °; -ir): wound
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almr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): bow, elm-bow < almreyr (noun n.)
[4] almreyrs: alm reyr Flat, ‘almreys’ Bb
[4] lituðr almreyrs ‘reddener of the elm-reed [ARROW > WARRIOR]’: Bb’s ‘almreys’, presumably for almreyrs ‘of the elm-reed’, is preferred over Flat’s triple cpd almreyrlituðr ‘elm-reed-reddener’, which is exceptional in skaldic usage.
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almr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): bow, elm-bow < almreyr (noun n.)
[4] almreyrs: alm reyr Flat, ‘almreys’ Bb
[4] lituðr almreyrs ‘reddener of the elm-reed [ARROW > WARRIOR]’: Bb’s ‘almreys’, presumably for almreyrs ‘of the elm-reed’, is preferred over Flat’s triple cpd almreyrlituðr ‘elm-reed-reddener’, which is exceptional in skaldic usage.
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2. reyr (noun n.): reed < almreyr (noun n.)
[4] almreyrs: alm reyr Flat, ‘almreys’ Bb
[4] lituðr almreyrs ‘reddener of the elm-reed [ARROW > WARRIOR]’: Bb’s ‘almreys’, presumably for almreyrs ‘of the elm-reed’, is preferred over Flat’s triple cpd almreyrlituðr ‘elm-reed-reddener’, which is exceptional in skaldic usage.
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2. reyr (noun n.): reed < almreyr (noun n.)
[4] almreyrs: alm reyr Flat, ‘almreys’ Bb
[4] lituðr almreyrs ‘reddener of the elm-reed [ARROW > WARRIOR]’: Bb’s ‘almreys’, presumably for almreyrs ‘of the elm-reed’, is preferred over Flat’s triple cpd almreyrlituðr ‘elm-reed-reddener’, which is exceptional in skaldic usage.
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lituðr (noun m.): colourer
[4] lituðr almreyrs ‘reddener of the elm-reed [ARROW > WARRIOR]’: Bb’s ‘almreys’, presumably for almreyrs ‘of the elm-reed’, is preferred over Flat’s triple cpd almreyrlituðr ‘elm-reed-reddener’, which is exceptional in skaldic usage.
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dreyra (verb; °-rð-): bleed
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
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1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave
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3. fella (verb): fell, kill
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
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skati (noun m.; °-a; -nar): chieftan, prince
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
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drýgja (verb; °-gð-): cause, practise
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bǫl (noun n.; °-s, dat. bǫlvi): evil
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brigðr (adj.): fickle
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baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire < branddrífr (noun m.)
[8] brand‑: baug‑ Bb
[8] branddríf ‘sword-driver’: A typical warrior-kenning, but there may also be a foreshadowing of the Hneitir miracle (sts 47-50), in which the supernatural Óláfr causes his sword to move under its own power.
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1. drífr (noun m.): [strewer] < branddrífr (noun m.)
[8] branddríf ‘sword-driver’: A typical warrior-kenning, but there may also be a foreshadowing of the Hneitir miracle (sts 47-50), in which the supernatural Óláfr causes his sword to move under its own power.
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1. nema (verb): to take
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lífi (noun n.; °-s): life
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Vakit frák víg á Stikla- |
Then I heard that a battle broke out at Stiklestad; the widely-landed reddener of the elm-reed [ARROW > WARRIOR] caused the wounds of the Innþrœndir to bleed. I heard that the brave sword-driver [WARRIOR] was taken from the transitory life of this world; rash men killed the king; they committed evil.
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