Kennings — Anonymous Poems Nóregs konungatal
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Anon Nkt 4II
næfr hallar hœings
‘the roof-shingle of the salmon’s hall’ = ICE
the salmon’s hall. → WATER
the roof-shingle of the WATER → ICEice
. covering of water -
Anon Nkt 4II
hǫll hœings
‘of the salmon’s hall’ = WATER
the salmon’s hall. → WATERwater
2. hall of fish -
Anon Nkt 5II
barnungr burr Halfdanar
‘the child-young son of Hálfdan’ = Haraldr
the child-young son of Hálfdan, → HaraldrHaraldr I hárfagri Hálfdanarson (r. c. 860-c. 932)
1. son of Hálfdan svarti -
Anon Nkt 6II
ræsir sygna
‘the ruler of the sygnir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
The ruler of the Sygnir → NORWEGIAN KING = HaraldrNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Anon Nkt 6II
auðgefandi
‘wealth-givers’ = GENEROUS MEN
wealth-givers, → GENEROUS MENgenerous man
2.2. giver of wealth -
Anon Nkt 8II
beðja Þundar
‘the bedmate of Þundr’ = Jǫrð
the bedmate of Þundr → JǫrðJǫrð
1. consort of Óðinn (C3a) -
Anon Nkt 8II
einkadóttir ǫðlings
‘the only daughter of the chieftain [loptr]’ = Hel
the only daughter of the chieftain [Loptr] → HelHel
1. female relative of Loki or his offspring (C4a/C4b) -
Anon Nkt 9II
sonr Halfdans
‘of Hálfdan’s son’ = Haraldr
Hálfdan’s son, → HaraldrHaraldr I hárfagri Hálfdanarson (r. c. 860-c. 932)
1. son of Hálfdan svarti -
Anon Nkt 10II
vinsæll einkafóstri Aðalsteins
‘the popular only foster-son of Æthelstan’ = Hákon
the popular only foster-son of Æthelstan → HákonHákon I inn góði Haraldsson (r. c. 934-c. 961)
2. foster-son of Aðalsteinn -
Anon Nkt 11II
harðráðr mýgir hersa
‘the harsh-ruling oppressor of hersar’ = RULER
The harsh-ruling oppressor of hersar → RULERchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
2.5. destroyer of princes -
Anon Nkt 13II
folkmeiðr
‘the battle-tree’ = WARRIOR
the battle-tree → WARRIORwarrior
2.1. tree of battle -
Anon Nkt 15II
arfi Haralds
‘Haraldr’s heir’ = Hákon
Haraldr’s heir, → HákonHákon I inn góði Haraldsson (r. c. 934-c. 961)
1.2. heir of Haraldr inn hárfagri -
Anon Nkt 17II
víf Hárs
‘Hárr’s wife’ = Jǫrð
Hárr’s wife → JǫrðJǫrð
1. consort of Óðinn (C3a) -
Anon Nkt 17II
beðja Þundar
‘Þundr’s bedmate’ = Jǫrð
Þundr’s bedmate → JǫrðJǫrð
1. consort of Óðinn (C3a) -
Anon Nkt 18II
faðir Eireks
‘of Eiríkr’s father’ = Hákon
Eiríkr’s father → HákonHákon jarl Sigurðarson (r. c. 970-c. 995)
1.2. father of Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson -
Anon Nkt 18II
hattarstallr
‘the hat-support’ = HEAD
the hat-support → HEADhead
2.2. rest or support of headgear (A1b and A3) -
Anon Nkt 21II
fimm galli faðmis
‘five destructions of the snake’ = WINTERS
five destructions of the snake → WINTERSwinter
1.1. harm of the snake -
Anon Nkt 22II
sú hríð Hrotta
‘that blizzard of Hrotti’ = BATTLE
That blizzard of Hrotti → BATTLEbattle
1.2.1.1. shower of swords -
Anon Nkt 23II
man Yggs
‘Yggr’s girl’ = Jǫrð
Yggr’s girl, → JǫrðJǫrð
1. consort of Óðinn (C3a) -
Anon Nkt 26II
folk-Baldr
‘the battle-Baldr’ = WARRIOR
the battle-Baldr → WARRIORwarrior
2.3.1.5. Baldr of battle -
Anon Nkt 27II
liðfár sonr Hôkonar
‘the poorly supported son of Hákon’ = Sveinn
The poorly supported son of Hákon → SveinnSveinn jarl Hákonarson (r. c. 1000-c. 1015)
1. son of Hákon jarl Sigurðarson -
Anon Nkt 28II
hróðmǫgr Haralds ins grenska
‘the glory-son of Haraldr inn grenski (‘the one from grenland’)’ = Óláfr
The glory-son of Haraldr inn grenski (‘the one from Grenland’) → ÓláfrÓláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
1.1. descendant of Haraldr inn grenski -
Anon Nkt 30II
fylkir þrœnda
‘the lord of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The lord of the Þrœndir → NORWEGIAN KING = ÓláfrNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Anon Nkt 31II
arfi Haralds
‘Haraldr’s heir’ = Óláfr
Haraldr’s heir. → ÓláfrÓláfr II inn helgi Haraldsson (r. c. 1015-1030)
1.2. heir of Haraldr inn grenski -
Anon Nkt 32II
sex stríð snáka
‘for six distresses of snakes’ = WINTERS
for six distresses of snakes, → WINTERSwinter
1.3. sorrow of the snake -
Anon Nkt 32II
sonr Knúts
‘Knútr’s son’ = Sveinn
Knútr’s son → SveinnSveinn Álfífuson (r. 1030-1035)
1. son of Knútr inn ríki -
Anon Nkt 33II
ágætr einkasonr Óláfs konungs
‘the magnificent only son of king Óláfr’ = Magnús
The magnificent only son of King Óláfr → MagnúsMagnús I inn góði Óláfsson (r. 1035-47)
1.1. son of Óláfr Haraldsson -
Anon Nkt 34II
dróttinn sygna
‘the lord of the sygnir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
the lord of the Sygnir, → NORWEGIAN KING = MagnúsNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Anon Nkt 39II
bróðir Óláfs
‘Óláfr’s brother’ = Haraldr
Óláfr’s brother → HaraldrHaraldr III harðráði Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66)
1.2. brother of Óláfr inn helgi Haraldsson -
Anon Nkt 39II
vápnþruma
‘weapon-thunder’ = BATTLE
weapon-thunder. → BATTLEbattle
2.1. din of weapons -
Anon Nkt 41II
faðir Magnúss
‘Magnús’s father’ = Óláfr
Magnús’s father → ÓláfrÓláfr III kyrri Haraldsson (r. 1067-93)
2. father of Magnús berfœttr Óláfsson -
Anon Nkt 42II
man Yggjar
‘Yggr’s girl’ = Jǫrð
Yggr’s girl → JǫrðJǫrð
1. consort of Óðinn (C3a) -
Anon Nkt 44II
ágætr faðir Eysteins
‘the famous father of Eysteinn’ = Magnús
The famous father of Eysteinn → MagnúsMagnús III berfœttr Óláfsson (r. 1093-1103)
1.1. father of Eysteinn Magnússon -
Anon Nkt 44II
þeiri flaug fleina
‘that flight of spears’ = BATTLE
that flight of spears. → BATTLEbattle
9.1. flight of weapons -
Anon Nkt 46II
þess sonr Magnúss
‘that son of Magnús’ = Óláfr
that son of Magnús → ÓláfrÓláfr Magnússon (r. 1103-15)
1. son of Magnús berfœttr Óláfsson -
Anon Nkt 50II
dróttinn mœra
‘of the lord of the mœrir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Sigurðr
the lord of the Mœrir. → NORWEGIAN KING = SigurðrNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Anon Nkt 52II
þess hilmir dœla
‘of that lord of the dœlir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Sigurðr
that lord of the Dœlir → NORWEGIAN KING = SigurðrNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Anon Nkt 53II
heiptargjarn mǫgr Sigurðar
‘the vengeance-eager son of Sigurðr’ = Magnús
the vengeance-eager son of Sigurðr → MagnúsMagnús IV inn blindi Sigurðarson (r. 1130-5; 1137-9)
1. son of Sigurðr jórsalafari -
Anon Nkt 56II
gramr sygna
‘of the lord of the sygnir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr gilli
the lord of the Sygnir → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr gilliNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Anon Nkt 61II
burr Kristínar
‘Kristín’s son’ = Magnús
Kristín’s son → MagnúsMagnús V Erlingsson (r. 1161-84)
1. son of Kristín Sigurðardóttir -
Anon Nkt 63II
sókndjarfr sonr Kristínar
‘the battle-brave son of Kristín’ = Magnús
The battle-brave son of Kristín → MagnúsMagnús V Erlingsson (r. 1161-84)
1. son of Kristín Sigurðardóttir -
Anon Nkt 65II
Haralds Halfdanssonar
‘of Haraldr Hálfdansson’ = Haraldr hárfagri
Haraldr Hálfdansson → Haraldr hárfagriquestionable kennings
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Anon Nkt 68II
nykra borgar næfr
‘of the roof-shingle of the water-monsters’ stronghold’ = ICE
the water-monsters’ stronghold, → SEA
the roof-shingle of the SEA → ICEice
. covering of water -
Anon Nkt 68II
nykra borg
‘of the water-monsters’ stronghold’ = SEA
the water-monsters’ stronghold, → SEAsea
5.4. dwelling of the sea -
Anon Nkt 68II
nykra borgar næfrland
‘roof-shingle-land of the water-monsters’ stronghold’ = Iceland
the water-monsters’ stronghold, → SEA
the roof-shingle of the SEA → ICE
the land of the ICE → IcelandIceland
2. land of ice -
Anon Nkt 69II
runnr Mistar
‘of the shrubs of Mist’ = WARRIORS
the shrubs of Mist, → WARRIORSwarrior
9.1. tree of the valkyrie -
Anon Nkt 70II
vinsæll deilir vella
‘the popular distributor of pure gold’ = GENEROUS MANgenerous man
2.1.1. distributor of gold -
Anon Nkt 71II
log skýja
‘the flame of the clouds’ = SUN
the flame of the clouds. → SUNsun
1.1.1. fire of sky/heaven -
Anon Nkt 72II
faðir Lopts
‘Loptr’s father’ = Sæmundr
Loptr’s father, → SæmundrSæmundr Sigfússon
. father of Loptr Sæmundarson -
Anon Nkt 73II
dóttursonr Magnúss konungs
‘the daughter’s son of king Magnús’ = Jón
the daughter’s son of King Magnús, → JónJón Loptsson
1. descendant of Magnús berfœttr