ÞjóðA Magn 3II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Stanzas about Magnús Óláfsson in Danaveldi 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 90-1.
sák ‘I saw’
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2. sjá (verb): see
grjóti ‘stones’
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone
notes
[1, 2] stóru grjóti, steini; fyrir ‘massive stones, rock; in their path’: Grjót may well have its common collective sense. The syntactic role of the two dat. references to stone (grjóti) or rock (steini) is not certain, although it is clear that one or both of them must be governed by kastat ‘hurled’ (l. 4). The main possibilities are the following: (a) Fyrir is here taken as an adv. meaning ‘in front, ahead [of them], in [their] path’, while grjóti stóru and steini are in apposition, both governed by kastat (so Kock in Skald and NN). (b) To construe Gær sák stóru grjóti kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir steini ‘Yesterday I saw massive stones hurled mightily; a skull gaped open before a rock’ (so also ÍF 28; Hkr 1991) makes good sense, but fyrir would be problematic, since the monosyllabic form fyr would be usual when the prep. is immediately followed by the noun phrase it governs. Only fyr is required in prepositional use in ÞjóðA Magn 13/5, 14/5, 14/7, Frag 1/3, Har 1/3, contrasted with the disyllabic fyrir in adverbial usage in ÞjóðA Lv 3/4 and 9/7. (Konráð Gíslason noted the rarity of fyrir as prep. and considered emending to ginu hausar fyr steinum ‘skulls gaped before rocks’, but drew back from that; Nj 1875-8, II, 855-6.) (b) Fyrir could govern grjóti stóru, in which case the disyllabic form is due to the fact that it does not directly precede that phrase (cf. yfir in st. 4/6), while kastat governs steini, hence sák steini kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir stóru grjóti ‘I saw rocks hurled mightily; skulls gaped open before great stones’ (so Finnur Jónsson in Hkr 1893-1901 and Skj B). However, the prose w. o. assumed by this construal is non-obvious at best, and the same problem arises as for (b).
stóru ‘massive’
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stórr (adj.): large, great
notes
[1, 2] stóru grjóti, steini; fyrir ‘massive stones, rock; in their path’: Grjót may well have its common collective sense. The syntactic role of the two dat. references to stone (grjóti) or rock (steini) is not certain, although it is clear that one or both of them must be governed by kastat ‘hurled’ (l. 4). The main possibilities are the following: (a) Fyrir is here taken as an adv. meaning ‘in front, ahead [of them], in [their] path’, while grjóti stóru and steini are in apposition, both governed by kastat (so Kock in Skald and NN). (b) To construe Gær sák stóru grjóti kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir steini ‘Yesterday I saw massive stones hurled mightily; a skull gaped open before a rock’ (so also ÍF 28; Hkr 1991) makes good sense, but fyrir would be problematic, since the monosyllabic form fyr would be usual when the prep. is immediately followed by the noun phrase it governs. Only fyr is required in prepositional use in ÞjóðA Magn 13/5, 14/5, 14/7, Frag 1/3, Har 1/3, contrasted with the disyllabic fyrir in adverbial usage in ÞjóðA Lv 3/4 and 9/7. (Konráð Gíslason noted the rarity of fyrir as prep. and considered emending to ginu hausar fyr steinum ‘skulls gaped before rocks’, but drew back from that; Nj 1875-8, II, 855-6.) (b) Fyrir could govern grjóti stóru, in which case the disyllabic form is due to the fact that it does not directly precede that phrase (cf. yfir in st. 4/6), while kastat governs steini, hence sák steini kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir stóru grjóti ‘I saw rocks hurled mightily; skulls gaped open before great stones’ (so Finnur Jónsson in Hkr 1893-1901 and Skj B). However, the prose w. o. assumed by this construal is non-obvious at best, and the same problem arises as for (b).
hauss ‘a skull’
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hauss (noun m.; °hauss, dat. hausi/haus; hausar): skull
[2] hauss fyrir: ‘hau[…]rir’ 39
fyrir ‘in their path’
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fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of
[2] hauss fyrir: ‘hau[…]rir’ 39
notes
[1, 2] stóru grjóti, steini; fyrir ‘massive stones, rock; in their path’: Grjót may well have its common collective sense. The syntactic role of the two dat. references to stone (grjóti) or rock (steini) is not certain, although it is clear that one or both of them must be governed by kastat ‘hurled’ (l. 4). The main possibilities are the following: (a) Fyrir is here taken as an adv. meaning ‘in front, ahead [of them], in [their] path’, while grjóti stóru and steini are in apposition, both governed by kastat (so Kock in Skald and NN). (b) To construe Gær sák stóru grjóti kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir steini ‘Yesterday I saw massive stones hurled mightily; a skull gaped open before a rock’ (so also ÍF 28; Hkr 1991) makes good sense, but fyrir would be problematic, since the monosyllabic form fyr would be usual when the prep. is immediately followed by the noun phrase it governs. Only fyr is required in prepositional use in ÞjóðA Magn 13/5, 14/5, 14/7, Frag 1/3, Har 1/3, contrasted with the disyllabic fyrir in adverbial usage in ÞjóðA Lv 3/4 and 9/7. (Konráð Gíslason noted the rarity of fyrir as prep. and considered emending to ginu hausar fyr steinum ‘skulls gaped before rocks’, but drew back from that; Nj 1875-8, II, 855-6.) (b) Fyrir could govern grjóti stóru, in which case the disyllabic form is due to the fact that it does not directly precede that phrase (cf. yfir in st. 4/6), while kastat governs steini, hence sák steini kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir stóru grjóti ‘I saw rocks hurled mightily; skulls gaped open before great stones’ (so Finnur Jónsson in Hkr 1893-1901 and Skj B). However, the prose w. o. assumed by this construal is non-obvious at best, and the same problem arises as for (b).
steini ‘rock’
(not checked:)
steinn (noun m.; °steins; steinar): stone, colour
notes
[1, 2] stóru grjóti, steini; fyrir ‘massive stones, rock; in their path’: Grjót may well have its common collective sense. The syntactic role of the two dat. references to stone (grjóti) or rock (steini) is not certain, although it is clear that one or both of them must be governed by kastat ‘hurled’ (l. 4). The main possibilities are the following: (a) Fyrir is here taken as an adv. meaning ‘in front, ahead [of them], in [their] path’, while grjóti stóru and steini are in apposition, both governed by kastat (so Kock in Skald and NN). (b) To construe Gær sák stóru grjóti kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir steini ‘Yesterday I saw massive stones hurled mightily; a skull gaped open before a rock’ (so also ÍF 28; Hkr 1991) makes good sense, but fyrir would be problematic, since the monosyllabic form fyr would be usual when the prep. is immediately followed by the noun phrase it governs. Only fyr is required in prepositional use in ÞjóðA Magn 13/5, 14/5, 14/7, Frag 1/3, Har 1/3, contrasted with the disyllabic fyrir in adverbial usage in ÞjóðA Lv 3/4 and 9/7. (Konráð Gíslason noted the rarity of fyrir as prep. and considered emending to ginu hausar fyr steinum ‘skulls gaped before rocks’, but drew back from that; Nj 1875-8, II, 855-6.) (b) Fyrir could govern grjóti stóru, in which case the disyllabic form is due to the fact that it does not directly precede that phrase (cf. yfir in st. 4/6), while kastat governs steini, hence sák steini kastat harðliga; hauss gein fyrir stóru grjóti ‘I saw rocks hurled mightily; skulls gaped open before great stones’ (so Finnur Jónsson in Hkr 1893-1901 and Skj B). However, the prose w. o. assumed by this construal is non-obvious at best, and the same problem arises as for (b).
fóra ‘did not advance’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
[3] fóra: ‘for a’ F, ‘færa’ E, J2ˣ, H, Hr
notes
[3] fóra ‘did not advance’: The variant ‘færa’ has considerable support, but does not make obvious sense in context, whereas fóra supplies the sg. verb that seems to be required by fylking ‘troop’. Fms 12 took an entirely different approach, reading fór á as two words: …grjóti, (sem) fór fast á fylking þeirra ‘stones, [which] pelted hard onto their troop’, but see Konráð Gíslason (loc. cit.) for a refutation of this.
fylking ‘troop’
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fylking (noun f.): troop
þeira ‘their’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
fast ‘strongly’
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fastr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): firm, fast
harðliga ‘mightily’
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harðliga (adv.): powerfully
Ofan ‘down to the shore’
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ofan (adv.): down
notes
[5, 8] strandhǫgg ofan ‘cattle for slaughter down to the shore’: Strandhǫgg n., only here in poetry, is lit. ‘shore-slaughter’, performed when coastal raiders drive cattle down to a beach and slaughter them for food. The adv. ofan ‘down’ has its usual sense.
keyrðum ‘herded’
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keyra (verb): drive, whip, fling
[5] keyrðum vér (‘kørðum ver’): keyrðu vér 39, F, E, J2ˣ, keyrandum H, Hr
vér ‘We’
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
[5] keyrðum vér (‘kørðum ver’): keyrðu vér 39, F, E, J2ˣ, keyrandum H, Hr
orðum ‘with words’
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(non-lexical)
jǫrð ‘the land’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
muna ‘will not’
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munu (verb): will, must
Sveinn ‘Sveinn’
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2. Sveinn (noun m.): Sveinn
[6] Sveinn: ‘S.’ 39, Hr, Sveini J2ˣ, Sveins H
of ‘’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
hefr ‘has’
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hafa (verb): have
stafn ‘the prow’
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stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
í ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
strand ‘cattle’
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strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore < strandhǫgg (noun n.)
[8] strand‑: ‘stran’ E
notes
[5, 8] strandhǫgg ofan ‘cattle for slaughter down to the shore’: Strandhǫgg n., only here in poetry, is lit. ‘shore-slaughter’, performed when coastal raiders drive cattle down to a beach and slaughter them for food. The adv. ofan ‘down’ has its usual sense.
hǫgg ‘ for slaughter’
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hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow < strandhǫgg (noun n.)
notes
[5, 8] strandhǫgg ofan ‘cattle for slaughter down to the shore’: Strandhǫgg n., only here in poetry, is lit. ‘shore-slaughter’, performed when coastal raiders drive cattle down to a beach and slaughter them for food. The adv. ofan ‘down’ has its usual sense.
numit ‘anchored’
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1. nema (verb): to take
landi ‘along the coast’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
(Cf. previous two Contexts.) Sveinn Úlfsson flees with a remnant of his following to Sjælland (Selund, Zealand). Magnús Óláfsson’s men go ashore there and the next morning slaughter cattle on the beach.
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