SnSt Ht 9III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 9’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1114.
iðn ‘Toil’
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iðn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): task
vellir ‘fields’
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
roðna ‘are reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
[1] roðna: ‘[…]na’ with ‘rod’ added in the margin in a later hand W, ‘roþnan’ U(47r)
verpr ‘is thrown’
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1. verpa (verb): to throw, cast (up)
notes
[2, 6] verpr; raskar ‘is thrown; are broken’: Both of these verbs occur in impersonal constructions, with lind ‘linden-spear’ (l. 2) and griðum ‘truces’ (l. 6), respectively, as dat. objects.
lind ‘a linden-spear’
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1. lind (noun f.): linden-shield, linden tree
notes
[2] lind ‘a linden-spear’: Lindr could either mean ‘linden-spear’ or ‘linden-shield’ (see st. 10/3 below), but the context shows that it denotes a spear here.
þrimu ‘battle’
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þrima (noun f.): battle, din
snerpir ‘becomes fierce’
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snerpa (verb): [becomes fierce]
notes
[2] snerpir ‘becomes fierce’: Used impersonally with þrímu ‘battle’ as the acc. object.
fæsk ‘is gained’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[3] fæsk: felsk U
gagn ‘victory’
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1. gagn (noun n.): victory
fylkir ‘the ruler’
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
eignask ‘obtains [it]’
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eigna (verb; °-að-): acquire
falr ‘a spear-socket’
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1. falr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): spear-socket
hitnar ‘grows hot’
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hitna (verb): heat, grow hot
sezk ‘is sated’
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setja (verb): place, set, establish
notes
[5] skekr ‘is shaken’: Used impersonally with rǫnd ‘shield-rim’ as the acc. object. The R variant skefr (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of skafa ‘shave’ (?)) has been altered to ‘skekr’ (R*).
rǫnd ‘A shield-rim’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
skildir ‘shields’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
bendask ‘are bent’
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1. benda (verb; °-nd-): bend
skelfr ‘trembles’
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skelfa (verb): cause to shake
askr ‘an ash-spear’
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askr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): ash, ash-tree, ash-ship
notes
[6] askr ‘an ash-spear’: Spear-shafts were usually made from ash (see Falk 1914b, 85). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests that this means ‘sword’ (ensis), but there is no evidence for that sense. See also st. 57/3.
griðum ‘truces’
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grið (noun n.): truce
raskar ‘are broken’
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raska (verb): [are broken]
notes
[2, 6] verpr; raskar ‘is thrown; are broken’: Both of these verbs occur in impersonal constructions, with lind ‘linden-spear’ (l. 2) and griðum ‘truces’ (l. 6), respectively, as dat. objects.
brandr ‘a blade’
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
gellr ‘resounds’
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gjalla (verb): to scream, shriek; to repay, return, pay for
brynjur ‘byrnies’
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
sundrask ‘are sundered’
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sundra (verb): shatter, sunder
braka ‘crash’
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braka (verb; °-að-): crash, creak
litask ‘are coloured’
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1. lita (verb): colour, stain
ǫrvar ‘arrows’
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ǫr (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; ǫrvar/ǫrar): arrow
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Toil increases; fields are reddened; a linden-spear is thrown; battle becomes fierce; victory is gained; the ruler obtains [it]; a spear-socket grows hot; the wolf is sated. A shield-rim is shaken; shields are bent; an ash-spear trembles; truces are broken; a blade resounds; byrnies are sundered; spears crash; arrows are coloured.
The stanza illustrates a variant of dróttkvætt produced by the regular repetition of a specific sentence pattern: each line consists of two syntactically independent clauses (sextánmælt ‘sixteen-times spoken’).
This is the first stanza in Ht to exemplify variants of dróttkvætt in which verse-forms are differentiated by various arrangements of words. — The headings are xvimæltr ‘sixteen-times spoken’ (R), ij. háttr ‘the second verse-form’ (Tˣ) and sextánmælt (U(47r)). See also RvHbreiðm Hl 41-2. The metre is unusual in that each odd line is Sievers’s Type A2l, with a heavy syllable in position 2 carrying internal rhyme (except l. 7; see Sievers 1893, 106). In that respect it resembles in forna skálfhenda ‘the ancient tremble-rhymed’ (st. 35). This dróttkvætt variant is attested elsewhere in the corpus of skaldic poetry, but it is never used systematically as in Ht and Hl (cf. also SnE 2007, 77-8).
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