Kennings — Einarr skálaglamm Helgason

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• Eskál Hardr 1^III

  landfrœkn jǫfurr Lundar
  ‘the land-valiant prince of Lund’ = DANISH KING
  The land-valiant prince of Lund → DANISH KING

  Danish king, ruler, jarl
  1.2. ruler of Denmark

• Eskál Hardr 1^III

  liðbrandr
  ‘limb-fires’ = ARM-RINGS
  limb-fires; → ARM-RINGS

  ring
  3. fire of the limb

• Eskál Hardr 1^III

  grjót Rínar
  ‘the stones of the Rhine’ = GOLD
  the stones of the Rhine → GOLD

  gold
  9.1.5. stones of the Rhine (A1)

• Eskál Hardr 2^III

  ættstuðill ættar Hilditanns
  ‘a lineage-pillar of the family of Hilditann (‘War-tooth’)’ = DANISH KING
  a lineage-pillar of the family of Hilditann (‘War-tooth’) → DANISH KING

  Danish king, ruler, jarl
  2. relative of a Danish king

• Eskál Hardr 2^III

  ógnherðir
  ‘the terror-enhancer’ = WARRIOR
  the terror-enhancer; → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

• Eskál Hákdr 1^I

  kind Gamla
  ‘the kin of Gamli’ = Eiríkssynir
  The kin of Gamli, → Eiríkssynir

  Eiríkssynir
  1. descendants of Gormr inn Gamli

• Eskál Hákdr 1^I

  lundr gunnborðs
  ‘of the trees of the battle-board’ = WARRIORS
  the battle-board → SHIELD
  the trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.1.2. tree of the shield

• Eskál Hákdr 1^I

  gunnborð
  ‘of the battle-board’ = SHIELD
  the battle-board → SHIELD

  shield
  3.1. board of battle

• Eskál Hákdr 1^I

  Ullr geirvaðils
  ‘the Ullr of the spear-ford’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the spear-ford, → SHIELD
  the Ullr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  1.4.1.04. Ullr of the weapon

• Eskál Hákdr 1^I

  geirvaðill
  ‘of the spear-ford’ = SHIELD
  the spear-ford, → SHIELD

  shield
  5.2.1.1. path of the spear

• Eskál Lv 1a^I

  veig Váfaðar
  ‘strong drink of Váfuðr’ = POETRY
  strong drink of Váfuðr → POETRY

  poetry
  1.1.1. drink of Óðinn

• Eskál Lv 1a^I

  virðr víðis
  ‘men of the ocean’ = SEAFARERS
  men of the ocean; → SEAFARERS

  seafarer
  2.1. men of the sea

• Eskál Lv 1a^I

  þess þingsættir
  ‘to that assembly-reconciler’ = RULER
  to that assembly-reconciler → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

• Eskál Lv 2a^I

  verðr ulfs
  ‘the wolf’s food’ = CORPSES
  the wolf’s food → CORPSES

  corpse, slain
  1.2. food of the wolf

• Eskál Lv 2a^I

  sá sveigir sárlinns
  ‘that wielder of the wound-snake’ = WARRIOR
  the wound-snake → SWORD
  That wielder of the SWORD → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.10. bender of the weapon

• Eskál Lv 2a^I

  sárlinnr
  ‘of the wound-snake’ = SWORD
  the wound-snake → SWORD

  sword
  2.2. snake of the wound

• Eskál Lv 2a^I

  andr Endils
  ‘the skis of Endill’ = SHIPS
  the skis of Endill → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  2.2. ski of the sea-king

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  árr unnviggs
  ‘the messenger of the wave-steed’ = SEAFARER = Þorleifr skúma
  the wave-steed → SHIP
  the messenger of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Þorleifr skúma

  seafarer
  1.4. messenger of the ship

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  unnvigg
  ‘of the wave-steed’ = SHIP
  the wave-steed → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  spor sárelda
  ‘tracks of wound-fires’ = WOUNDS
  wound-fires → SWORDS
  tracks of SWORDS → WOUNDS

  wound
  1.1. track of the weapon

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  sáreldr
  ‘of wound-fires’ = SWORDS
  wound-fires → SWORDS

  sword
  1.1.04. fire of the wound

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  særir seima
  ‘the wounder of riches’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the wounder of riches: → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.05.1. wounder of gold

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  valdr viggja eybaugs
  ‘ruler of steeds of the island-ring’ = SEAFARER
  the island-ring; → SEA
  steeds of the SEA → SHIPS
  ruler of SHIPS → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.06. user of the ship

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  vigg eybaugs
  ‘of steeds of the island-ring’ = SHIPS
  the island-ring; → SEA
  steeds of the SEA → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Eskál Lv 3^I

  eybaugr
  ‘of the island-ring’ = SEA
  the island-ring; → SEA

  sea
  1.4. ring of the land

• Eskál Vell 1^I

  hugstóran vǫrðr foldar
  ‘the high-minded guardian of the land’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
  the high-minded guardian of the land → RULER = Hákon jarl

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  5.1. guardian of the land

• Eskál Vell 1^I

  dregg fyrða fjarðleggjar
  ‘of the dregs of the men of the fjord-bone’ = POEM
  the fjord-bone; → ROCK
  the men of the ROCK → DWARFS
  the dregs of DWARFS → POEM

  poetry
  1.2.1. drink of the dwarfs

• Eskál Vell 1^I

  fyrðr fjarðleggjar
  ‘of the men of the fjord-bone’ = DWARFS
  the fjord-bone; → ROCK
  the men of the ROCK → DWARFS

  dwarf
  3. man of rock

• Eskál Vell 1^I

  fjarðleggr
  ‘of the fjord-bone’ = ROCK
  the fjord-bone; → ROCK

  rock, stone
  2.1.1. bone of waters

• Eskál Vell 1^I

  dreyri Kvasis
  ‘the blood of Kvasir’ = POEM
  the blood of Kvasir. → POEM

  poetry
  1.7.2. blood of Kvasir

• Eskál Vell 2^I

  bára boðnar
  ‘the wave of boðn’ = POEM
  the wave of Boðn → POEM

  poetry
  1.5. liquid of a mythical vat

• Eskál Vell 2^I

  fley berg-saxa
  ‘the ship (líð ‘ale’) of the rock-saxons’ = POEM
  the rock-Saxons. → GIANTS
  the ship (líð ‘ale’) of GIANTS → POEM

  poetry
  1.3.2. liquid of the giants

• Eskál Vell 2^I

  berg-Saxi
  ‘of the rock-saxons’ = GIANTS
  the rock-Saxons. → GIANTS

  giant
  1.1. man of the mountains

• Eskál Vell 3^I

  vágr Rǫgnis
  ‘the wave of Rǫgnir’ = POEM
  The wave of Rǫgnir → POEM

  poetry
  1.1.2. liquid of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 3^I

  ǫlðrhafs óðrœris
  ‘of the ale-sea of óðrœrir’ = POEM
  the ale-sea of Óðrœrir → POEM

  poetry
  1.5. liquid of a mythical vat

• Eskál Vell 3^I

  fles galdra
  ‘the skerry of incantations’ = TEETH
  the skerry of incantations. → TEETH

  tooth, teeth
  1.1. skerry of speech (A1b)

• Eskál Vell 4^I

  grynnilá bergs dverga
  ‘the shoal-wave of the rock of dwarfs’ = POEM
  The shoal-wave of the rock of dwarfs → POEM

  poetry
  1.2.2. liquid of the dwarfs

• Eskál Vell 4^I

  Ullr sorgar byrgis bǫðvar
  ‘of the Ullr of the sorrow of the fence of battle’ = WARRIOR = Hákon
  the fence of battle, → SHIELD
  the sorrow of the SHIELD → SWORD
  the Ullr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon

  warrior
  1.4.1.04. Ullr of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 4^I

  sorg byrgis bǫðvar
  ‘of the sorrow of the fence of battle’ = SWORD
  the fence of battle, → SHIELD
  the sorrow of the SHIELD → SWORD

  sword
  9.2.4. sorrow of the shield

• Eskál Vell 4^I

  byrgi bǫðvar
  ‘of the fence of battle’ = SHIELD
  the fence of battle, → SHIELD

  shield
  6.1. enclosure of battle

• Eskál Vell 5^I

  hertýs vín-Gnóðar austr
  ‘bilge-water of the wine-Gnóð of the army-god’ = POEM
  the army -god → Óðinn
  the wine of ÓÐINN → POEM
  the Gnóð of the POEM → VAT
  the bilge-water of the VAT → POEM

  poetry
  1.1.2. liquid of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 5^I

  hertýs vín-Gnoð
  ‘of the Gnóð of the wine of the army-god’ = VAT
  the army -god → Óðinn
  the wine of ÓÐINN → POEM
  the Gnóð of the POEM → VAT

  vat
  . ship of poetry

• Eskál Vell 5^I

  hertýs vín
  ‘of the wine of the army-god’ = POEM
  the army -god → Óðinn
  the wine of ÓÐINN → POEM

  poetry
  1.1.1. drink of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 5^I

  hertýr
  ‘of the army-god’ = Óðinn
  the army -god → Óðinn

  Óðinn
  2.4. god of the army (C3b)

• Eskál Vell 5^I

  ǫrþeysir flausta
  ‘the valiant racer of ships’ = SEAFARER = Hákon
  the valiant racer of ships; → SEAFARER = Hákon

  seafarer
  1.1.17. racer of the ship

• Eskál Vell 6^I

  eiðvandr oddneytir
  ‘the oath-true arrow-user’ = WARRIOR
  the oath-true arrow-user, → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.04. user of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 6^I

  veðr Gǫndlar
  ‘the winds of Gǫndul’ = BATTLES
  the winds of Gǫndul, → BATTLES

  battle
  1.1.3. storm/wind of the valkyrie

• Eskál Vell 6^I

  reynir rauðmána bóga Heðins
  ‘the tester of the red moon of the arm of Heðinn’ = WARRIOR
  the red moon of the arm of Heðinn → SHIELD
  the tester of the SHIELD → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.13. tester of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 6^I

  rauðmáni bóga Heðins
  ‘of the red moon of the arm of Heðinn’ = SHIELD
  the red moon of the arm of Heðinn → SHIELD

  shield
  1.04. heavenly body of the legendary person

• Eskál Vell 6^I

  rógsegl
  ‘the strife-sail’ = SHIELD
  the strife-sail → SHIELD

  shield
  12.4. sail of strife

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  sverrifjarðar sverða svanglýjaðr
  ‘the delighter of the swan of the seething fjord of swords’ = WARRIOR
  the seething fjord of swords [into joining] → BLOOD
  the swan of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
  the delighter of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  sverrifjarðar sverða svanr
  ‘of the swan of the seething fjord of swords’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
  the seething fjord of swords [into joining] → BLOOD
  the swan of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE

  raven/eagle
  1.2. bird of blood (A2)

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  sverrifjǫrðr sverða
  ‘of the seething fjord of swords’ = BLOOD
  the seething fjord of swords [into joining] → BLOOD

  blood
  1.2. liquid of the weapon (A2)

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  ofbyrr ǫrva
  ‘the strong wind of arrows’ = BATTLE
  the strong wind of arrows → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.1.4. storm/wind of arrows

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  drífa vífs odda
  ‘the snow-storm of the woman of weapon-points’ = BATTLE
  the woman of weapon-points. → VALKYRIE
  the snow-storm of the VALKYRIE → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.4. shower of the valkyrie

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  víf odda
  ‘of the woman of weapon-points’ = VALKYRIE
  the woman of weapon-points. → VALKYRIE

  valkyrie
  1.2. woman of weapons and armour (B2b)

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  hjǫrs brak-Rǫgnir
  ‘noise-Rǫgnir of the sword’ = WARRIOR
  the noise of the sword → BATTLE
  The Rǫgnir of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.3.1.1. Óðinn of battle

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  hjǫrs brak
  ‘of the noise of the sword’ = BATTLE
  the noise of the sword → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.1. din of swords

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  hagl bogna
  ‘the hail of bows’ = ARROWS
  the hail of bows → ARROWS

  arrow
  1.1. shower of the bow

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  segl Hlakkar
  ‘the sail of Hlǫkk’ = SHIELD
  the sail of Hlǫkk; → SHIELD

  shield
  12.1. sail of the valkyrie

• Eskál Vell 7^I

  óþyrmir varga
  ‘the crusher of outlaws’ = RULER
  the crusher of outlaws → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  4.1. destroyer of evildoers

• Eskál Vell 8^I

  mart él Ála
  ‘many a storm of Áli’ = BATTLE
  Many a storm of Áli → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.5. shower of a legendary person

• Eskál Vell 8^I

  rœkilundr lauks randar
  ‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield’ = WARRIOR
  the leek of the shield → SWORD
  the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.06. carer of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 8^I

  laukr randar
  ‘of the leek of the shield’ = SWORD
  the leek of the shield → SWORD

  sword
  4.3.3. leek of the shield

• Eskál Vell 9^I

  vǫrðr Hrafna hranna
  ‘the guardian of the Hrafnar of the waves’ = SEAFARER
  the Hrafnar of the waves → SHIPS
  the guardian of SHIPS → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.03. guardian of the ship

• Eskál Vell 9^I

  Hrafn hranna
  ‘of the Hrafnar of the waves’ = SHIPS
  the Hrafnar of the waves → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Eskál Vell 9^I

  hljómr togins skjóma
  ‘din of the drawn sword’ = BATTLE
  din of the drawn sword. → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.1. din of swords

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  méilregn
  ‘the arrow-rain’ = BATTLE
  The arrow-rain → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1. shower of weapons

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  hjǫrs hríðremmir
  ‘storm-strengthener of the sword’ = WARRIOR
  the storm of the sword → BATTLE
  the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  hjǫrs hríð
  ‘of the storm of the sword’ = BATTLE
  the storm of the sword → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1.1. shower of swords

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  hald-Viðurr haffaxa
  ‘the steering Viðurr of sea-horses’ = SEAFARER
  sea-horses → SHIPS
  the steering Viðurr of SHIPS → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.3.1. god of the ship

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  haffaxi
  ‘of sea-horses’ = SHIPS
  sea-horses → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  lífkǫld veðr Laufa
  ‘the life-cold storms of Laufi’ = BATTLES
  the life-cold storms of Laufi → BATTLES

  battle
  1.1.1.1. storm/wind of the sword

• Eskál Vell 10^I

  drífa Hôars
  ‘in the snow-storm of Hárr’ = BATTLE
  in the snow-storm of Hárr. → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.3. shower of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  hjalmgráp
  ‘with helmet-hail’ = BATTLE
  with helmet-hail; → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.2.1. shower of helmets

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  Vína vínheims vinar Lopts
  ‘the Vína of the wine-world of the friend of Loptr’ = POEM
  the friend of Loptr. → Óðinn
  the wine-world of ÓÐINN → VAT
  the Vína of the VAT → POEM

  poetry
  1.5. liquid of a mythical vat

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  vínheimr vinar Lopts
  ‘of the wine-world of the friend of Loptr’ = VAT
  the friend of Loptr. → Óðinn
  the wine-world of ÓÐINN → VAT

  vat

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  vinr Lopts
  ‘of the friend of Loptr’ = Óðinn
  the friend of Loptr. → Óðinn

  Óðinn
  3.1. friend of a male mythical being (C3a)

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  skúr fúrs Þróttar
  ‘the showers of the fire of Þróttr’ = BATTLE
  the fire of Þróttr; → SWORD
  the showers of the SWORD → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1.1. shower of swords

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  fúrr Þróttar
  ‘of the fire of Þróttr’ = SWORD
  the fire of Þróttr; → SWORD

  sword
  1.1.05. fire of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 11^I

  snytrir þjóðar
  ‘to the instructor of the people’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
  to the instructor of the people. → RULER = Hákon jarl

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  . instructor of the people

• Eskál Vell 12^I

  óðstafr hjǫrveðrs
  ‘the furious stave of the sword-storm’ = WARRIOR
  the sword-storm → BATTLE
  The furious stave of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.2. stave of battle

• Eskál Vell 12^I

  hjǫrveðr
  ‘of the sword-storm’ = BATTLE
  the sword-storm → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.1.1. storm/wind of the sword

• Eskál Vell 12^I

  herforðuðr
  ‘the army-protector’ = RULER
  the army-protector → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  3.5. guardian of the army

• Eskál Vell 12^I

  konungr hǫrða
  ‘of the king of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr gráfeldr
  the king of the Hǫrðar. → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr gráfeldr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• Eskál Vell 12^I

  Freyr folkskíðs
  ‘a Freyr of the battle-ski’ = WARRIOR
  the battle-ski, → SWORD
  a Freyr of the SWORD → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.4.1.05. Freyr of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 12^I

  folkskíð
  ‘of the battle-ski’ = SWORD
  the battle-ski, → SWORD

  sword
  7.1. ski of battle

• Eskál Vell 13^I

  grandvarr geymir síma silkis grundar brúna
  ‘the damage-wary keeper of the silken band of the land of the brows’ = RULER
  the land of the brows → HEAD
  the silken band of the HEAD → HEADBAND
  The damage-wary keeper of the HEADBAND → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  . guardian of the headband

• Eskál Vell 13^I

  síma silkis grundar brúna
  ‘of the silken band of the land of the brows’ = HEADBAND
  the land of the brows → HEAD
  the silken band of the HEAD → HEADBAND

  headband
  . band of the head

• Eskál Vell 13^I

  grund brúna
  ‘of the land of the brows’ = HEAD
  the land of the brows → HEAD

  head
  1.4. place or bone of the brows (A3 and A2)

• Eskál Vell 14^I

  Hlóriði garðs geira
  ‘the Hlórriði of the fence of spears’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the fence of spears → SHIELD
  the Hlórriði of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  1.4.1.10. Þórr of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 14^I

  garðr geira
  ‘of the fence of spears’ = SHIELD
  the fence of spears → SHIELD

  shield
  6.3. enclosure of spears

• Eskál Vell 14^I

  vegr jǫtna
  ‘to the path of the giants’ = MOUNTAINS = Norway?
  to the path of the giants → MOUNTAINS = Norway?

  mountain
  2.1. path of the giant

• Eskál Vell 15^I

  ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar
  ‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
  the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
  the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  1.7.06. carer of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 15^I

  rauðbrík móts Hlakkar
  ‘of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk’ = SHIELD
  the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
  the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD

  shield
  3.1. board of battle

• Eskál Vell 15^I

  mót Hlakkar
  ‘of the meeting of Hlǫkk’ = BATTLE
  the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE

  battle
  3.4. meeting of the valkyrie

• Eskál Vell 15^I

  auðrýrir
  ‘the wealth-diminisher’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the wealth-diminisher → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.03. diminisher of wealth

• Eskál Vell 15^I

  árr geirbrúar
  ‘the messengers of the spear-bridge’ = WARRIORS
  the spear-bridge → SHIELD
  the messengers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.7.05. envoy of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 15^I

  geirbrú
  ‘of the spear-bridge’ = SHIELD
  the spear-bridge → SHIELD

  shield
  5.2.1.1. path of the spear

• Eskál Vell 16^I

  ímunborðs veðrgœðir
  ‘storm-increaser of the battle-board’ = WARRIOR
  the battle-board, → SHIELD
  the storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
  the increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

• Eskál Vell 16^I

  ímunborðs veðr
  ‘of the storm of the battle-board’ = BATTLE
  the battle-board, → SHIELD
  the storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.1.2. storm/wind of the shield

• Eskál Vell 16^I

  ímunborð
  ‘of the battle-board’ = SHIELD
  the battle-board, → SHIELD

  shield
  3.1. board of battle

• Eskál Vell 17^I

  engi ættum góðr gæti-Njǫrðr geirbríkar
  ‘no well-descended guarding-Njǫrðr of the spear-board’ = WARRIOR
  the spear-board → SHIELD
  No well-descended guarding-Njǫrðr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.11. guardian of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 17^I

  geirbrík
  ‘of the spear-board’ = SHIELD
  the spear-board → SHIELD

  shield
  3.2. board of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 18^I

  borðmarr
  ‘the gunwale-horses’ = SHIPS
  the gunwale-horses → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.2.1.1. horse of the ship

• Eskál Vell 18^I

  sverða sǫngherðir
  ‘song-strengthener of swords’ = RULER
  the song of swords → BATTLE
  the strengthener of the BATTLE → RULER

  warrior
  2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

• Eskál Vell 18^I

  sverða sǫngr
  ‘of the song of swords’ = BATTLE
  the song of swords → BATTLE

  battle
  6.02.1. song/chant of weapons

• Eskál Vell 19^I

  dýr vandar
  ‘the beast of the mast’ = SHIP
  The beast of the mast → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.2.2. wild animal of the ship

• Eskál Vell 19^I

  kneyfir hyrjar Þundar
  ‘the destroyer of the fire of Þundr’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the fire of Þundr; → SWORD
  the destroyer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  1.7.02. destroyer of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 19^I

  hyrr Þundar
  ‘of the fire of Þundr’ = SWORD
  the fire of Þundr; → SWORD

  sword
  1.1.05. fire of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 19^I

  fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs
  ‘the war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr’ = Hákon jarl
  The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl

  Hákon jarl Sigurðarson (r. c. 970-c. 995)
  2. descendant of the gods

• Eskál Vell 20^I

  valdr morðs haulda
  ‘the controller of the killing of men’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
  the killing of men → BATTLE
  The controller of the BATTLE → RULER = Hákon jarl

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

• Eskál Vell 20^I

  morð haulda
  ‘of the killing of men’ = BATTLE
  the killing of men → BATTLE

  battle
  . killing of men

• Eskál Vell 20^I

  valmær
  ‘the maiden of the battle-slain’ = VALKYRIE = Hildr
  the maiden of the battle-slain; → VALKYRIE = Hildr

  valkyrie
  1.3. woman of the slain (B2b)

• Eskál Vell 21^I

  morðfíkinn folkverjandi mœra
  ‘the battle-eager people-defender of the mœrir’ = NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl
  the battle-eager people-defender of the Mœrir → NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  2.2. guardian of the Norwegians

• Eskál Vell 21^I

  Freyr byrjar Heðins
  ‘The Freyr of the wind of Heðinn’ = WARRIOR
  the wind of Heðinn → BATTLE
  The Freyr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.3.1.3. Freyr of battle

• Eskál Vell 21^I

  byrr Heðins
  ‘of the wind of Heðinn’ = BATTLE
  the wind of Heðinn → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.5. storm/wind of a legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 21^I

  sá Ullr branda
  ‘that Ullr of swords’ = WARRIOR
  that Ullr of swords → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.4.1.04. Ullr of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  mjúkhurð Meita
  ‘the pliant doors of Meiti’ = SHIPS
  the pliant doors of Meiti → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  . unique

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  mót randa
  ‘the meeting of shields’ = BATTLE
  the meeting of shields → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1.3. meeting of shields

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  Sǫrva svǫrgœlir
  ‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi’ = WARRIOR
  the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
  the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.1.02. gladdener of the bird of battlefield

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  Sǫrva svǫrr
  ‘of the bird of Sǫrvi’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
  the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE

  raven/eagle
  2.2. bird of the sea-king (A2)

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  Ullr veggjar Heðins
  ‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn’ = WARRIORS
  the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
  the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.4.1.04. Ullr of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  veggr Heðins
  ‘of the wall of Heðinn’ = SHIELD
  the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD

  shield
  7.5. wall of the legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 22^I

  eggþing
  ‘in the blade-assembly’ = BATTLE
  in the blade-assembly; → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1. meeting of weapons

• Eskál Vell 23^I

  myrðir Vinða
  ‘the killer of the Wends’ = Hákon jarl
  the killer of the Wends → Hákon jarl

  Hákon jarl Sigurðarson (r. c. 970-c. 995)
  3. killer of the Wends

• Eskál Vell 23^I

  hlífar flagðs hlym-Narfi
  ‘din-Narfi of the troll-woman of the shield’ = WARRIOR = Ragnfrøðr?
  the troll-woman of the shield → AXE
  the din of the AXE → BATTLE
  The Narfi of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Ragnfrøðr?

  warrior
  2.4. supernatural being of battle

• Eskál Vell 23^I

  hlífar flagðs hlymr
  ‘of the din of the troll-woman of the shield’ = BATTLE
  the troll-woman of the shield → AXE
  the din of the AXE → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.4. din of the axe

• Eskál Vell 23^I

  hlífar flagð
  ‘of the troll-woman of the shield’ = AXE
  the troll-woman of the shield → AXE

  axe
  1.1. female mythical being of the shield

• Eskál Vell 23^I

  andr Jalks
  ‘the ski of Jálkr’ = SHIP
  the ski of Jálkr → SHIP

  ship, boat
  2.2. ski of the sea-king

• Eskál Vell 24^I

  þrøngvimeiðr lunda gunnar
  ‘the oppressing-pole of trees of battle’ = WARRIOR
  trees of battle → WARRIORS
  the oppressing-pole of WARRIORS → WARRIOR

  warrior
  4.5. destroyer of men

• Eskál Vell 24^I

  lundr gunnar
  ‘of trees of battle’ = WARRIORS
  trees of battle → WARRIORS

  warrior
  2.1. tree of battle

• Eskál Vell 24^I

  gammr nás
  ‘of the vulture of the corpse’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
  the vulture of the corpse. → RAVEN/EAGLE

  raven/eagle
  1.3. bird of the corpse (A2)

• Eskál Vell 25^I

  eykr aurborðs
  ‘the draught-animals of the plank’ = SHIPS
  the draught-animals of the plank → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.2.1.2. other working animal of the ship

• Eskál Vell 25^I

  svinnum sigrunnr
  ‘the wise victory-tree’ = WARRIOR
  the wise victory-tree → WARRIOR

  warrior
  5.1. tree of victory

• Eskál Vell 25^I

  valdr hǫrða
  ‘the ruler of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl
  the ruler of the Hǫrðar, → NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• Eskál Vell 25^I

  dróttinn dofra
  ‘the lord of the dofrar’ = NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl
  the lord of the Dofrar, → NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• Eskál Vell 25^I

  holmfjǫturr
  ‘of the island-fetter’ = Miðgarðsormr
  the island-fetter, → Miðgarðsormr

  serpent, snake
  2.1. round or curved object of the land (A1b)

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  fémildr konungr Hlóðynjar myrkmarkar
  ‘the generous king of the Hlóðyn = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’) of the dark forest’ = DANISH KING = Haraldr blátǫnn
  the Hlóðyn = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’) of the dark forest → JUTLAND
  the generous king of the JUTLAND → DANISH KING = Haraldr blátǫnn

  Danish king, ruler, jarl
  1.2. ruler of Denmark

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  Hlǫðyn myrkmarkar
  ‘of the Hlóðyn = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’) of the dark forest’ = JUTLAND
  the Hlóðyn = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’) of the dark forest → JUTLAND

  Jutland
  1. land of Myrkviðr

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  morðalfr
  ‘the battle-elf’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the battle-elf → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  2.3.4. elf of battle

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  stirðan valserkjar veðrhirðir
  ‘weather-keeper of the slain-shirt’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the shirt of the slain → MAIL-SHIRT
  the weather of the MAIL-SHIRT → BATTLE
  the unbending keeper of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  2.5.7. guardian of battle

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  valserkjar veðr
  ‘of the weather of the shirt of the slain’ = BATTLE
  the shirt of the slain → MAIL-SHIRT
  the weather of the MAIL-SHIRT → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.2.2. storm/wind of the mail-coat

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  valserkr
  ‘of the shirt of the slain’ = MAIL-SHIRT
  the shirt of the slain → MAIL-SHIRT

  mail-coat
  1.9. shirt of the slain

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  hagbarða hurða hlym-Njǫrðr
  ‘din-Nirðir of the doors of Hagbarði’ = WARRIORS
  the doors of Hagbarði. → SHIELDS
  the din of SHIELDS → BATTLE
  the Nirðir of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

  warrior
  2.3.1.2. Njǫrðr of battle

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  hagbarða hurða hlymr
  ‘of the din of the doors of hagbarði’ = BATTLE
  the doors of Hagbarði. → SHIELDS
  the din of SHIELDS → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.3. din of shields

• Eskál Vell 26^I

  hagbarða hurð
  ‘of the doors of hagbarði’ = SHIELDS
  the doors of Hagbarði. → SHIELDS

  shield
  4.1. door of the legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 27^I

  geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir
  ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
  the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
  the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  1.4.1.01. Óðinn of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 27^I

  geirrásar garðr
  ‘of the fence of the spear-onslaught’ = SHIELD
  the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
  the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD

  shield
  6.1. enclosure of battle

• Eskál Vell 27^I

  geirrás
  ‘of the spear-onslaught’ = BATTLE
  the spear-onslaught → BATTLE

  battle
  9.6. running of spears

• Eskál Vell 27^I

  gunn-Viðurr
  ‘the battle-Viðurr’ = WARRIOR = Otto II
  the battle-Viðurr → WARRIOR = Otto II

  warrior
  2.3.1.1. Óðinn of battle

• Eskál Vell 27^I

  vágs blakkriði
  ‘horse-rider of the wave’ = SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
  the horse of the wave → SHIP
  the rider of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Hákon jarl

  seafarer
  1.1.01.3. rider of the ship

• Eskál Vell 27^I

  vágs blakkr
  ‘of the horse of the wave’ = SHIP
  the horse of the wave → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  þrymr logs Þriðja
  ‘the din of the fire of Þriði’ = BATTLE
  the fire of Þriði → SWORD
  The din of the SWORD → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.1. din of swords

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  log Þriðja
  ‘of the fire of Þriði’ = SWORD
  the fire of Þriði → SWORD

  sword
  1.1.05. fire of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  odda leikMiðjungr
  ‘game-miðjungar of arrow-points’ = WARRIORS
  the game of arrow-points → BATTLE
  the miðjungar of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

  warrior
  2.4. supernatural being of battle

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  odda leikr
  ‘of the game of arrow-points’ = BATTLE
  the game of arrow-points → BATTLE

  battle
  4.1. play of weapons

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  arngreddir
  ‘the eagle-feeder’ = WARRIOR
  the eagle-feeder → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  sœki-Þróttr sundfaxa
  ‘the attacking-Þróttr of the channel-horses’ = SEA-WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the channel-horses → SHIPS
  The attacking-Þróttr of SHIPS → SEA-WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  sea-warrior
  2. attacker of the ship

• Eskál Vell 28^I

  sundfaxi
  ‘of the channel-horses’ = SHIPS
  the channel-horses → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  felli-Njǫrðr flótta
  ‘the slaying-Njǫrðr of the fleeing ones’ = WARRIOR
  The slaying-Njǫrðr of the fleeing ones → WARRIOR

  warrior
  4.8. killer of men

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  draugr váða Heðins
  ‘the log of the clothes of Heðinn’ = WARRIOR
  the clothes of Heðinn → ARMOUR
  the log of the ARMOUR → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.2. tree of armour

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  váð Heðins
  ‘of the clothes of Heðinn’ = ARMOUR
  the clothes of Heðinn → ARMOUR

  armour
  . clothing of the legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  Sága dolga
  ‘for the Sága of enmity’ = VALKYRIE = Hildr
  for the Sága of enmity. → VALKYRIE = Hildr

  valkyrie
  1.1. woman of battle (B2b)

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  haldboði hildar
  ‘the provider of battle’ = WARRIOR
  the provider of battle → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.2.1. messenger of battle

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  ramma hrægammr
  ‘powerful corpse-birds’ = RAVENS/EAGLES
  powerful corpse-birds; → RAVENS/EAGLES

  raven/eagle
  1.3. bird of the corpse (A2)

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  Týr teinlautar
  ‘the Týr of the sword-dale’ = WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
  the sword-dale → SHIELD
  the Týr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

  warrior
  1.4.1.06. Týr of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 29^I

  teinlaut
  ‘of the sword-dale’ = SHIELD
  the sword-dale → SHIELD

  shield
  5.1.1.2. land of the sword

• Eskál Vell 30^I

  þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar
  ‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale’ = BATTLE
  the sword-dale, → SHIELD
  the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
  an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1.1. meeting of swords

• Eskál Vell 30^I

  hyrr hjǫrlautar
  ‘of the fire of the sword-dale’ = SWORD
  the sword-dale, → SHIELD
  the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD

  sword
  1.1.02.1. fire of the shield

• Eskál Vell 30^I

  hjǫrlaut
  ‘of the sword-dale’ = SHIELD
  the sword-dale, → SHIELD

  shield
  5.1.1.2. land of the sword

• Eskál Vell 30^I

  rann Sǫrla
  ‘a house of Sǫrli’ = SHIELD
  a house of Sǫrli → SHIELD

  shield
  9.4. house of a legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 30^I

  lyngs barða loft
  ‘the loft of the whale of the heath’ = GOLD
  the whale of the heath → SNAKE
  the loft of the SNAKE → GOLD

  gold
  3.1.2. lair of the serpent (A3)

• Eskál Vell 30^I

  lyngs barði
  ‘of the whale of the heath’ = SNAKE
  the whale of the heath → SNAKE

  serpent, snake
  1.1. fish or whale of the land (A1b)

• Eskál Vell 31^I

  Áss hríðar Fróða
  ‘the god of the storm of Fróði’ = WARRIOR
  the storm of Fróði → BATTLE
  The god of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.3.1. god of battle

• Eskál Vell 31^I

  hríð Fróða
  ‘of the storm of Fróði’ = BATTLE
  the storm of Fróði → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.5. shower of a legendary person

• Eskál Vell 31^I

  konr ragna
  ‘the descendant of the gods’ = Hákon jarl
  the descendant of the gods → Hákon jarl

  Hákon jarl Sigurðarson (r. c. 970-c. 995)
  2. descendant of the gods

• Eskál Vell 31^I

  jǫfra ættrýrir
  ‘kin-destroyer of princes’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
  the kin of princes? → PRINCES
  the destroyer of PRINCES → RULER = Hákon jarl

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  2.5. destroyer of princes

• Eskál Vell 31^I

  jǫfra ætt
  ‘of the kin of princes’ = PRINCES
  the kin of princes? → PRINCES

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  2.3. relative of a ruler

• Eskál Vell 32^I

  einum jarðbyggvir
  ‘one land-owner’ = RULER
  one land-owner? → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

• Eskál Vell 32^I

  lofkenndr folkleikr
  ‘ the renowned army-game’ = BATTLE
  The renowned army-game → BATTLE

  battle
  4.5. play of the army

• Eskál Vell 32^I

  fúrr reikar Heðins
  ‘of the fire of the hair-parting of Heðinn’ = SWORD
  the fire of the hair-parting of Heðinn → SWORD

  sword
  1.1.10. fire of the legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 32^I

  þess lindar logskundaðr
  ‘fire-impeller of the spring’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the fire of the spring → GOLD
  that impeller of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  2.9. speeder of wealth

• Eskál Vell 32^I

  lindar log
  ‘of the fire of the spring’ = GOLD
  the fire of the spring → GOLD

  gold
  1.1.2. fire of inland waters (A1)

• Eskál Vell 33^I

  gnýr Gunnar
  ‘the din of Gunnr’ = BATTLE
  the din of Gunnr, → BATTLE

  battle
  2.3. din of the valkyrie

• Eskál Vell 33^I

  hjalmeldr
  ‘with helmet-fires’ = SWORDS
  with helmet-fires. → SWORDS

  sword
  1.1.03.2. fire of the helmet

• Eskál Vell 34^I

  fast of séðir serkr sigbjarka
  ‘the firmly sewn shirts of the battle-birches’ = ARMOUR
  the battle-birches → WARRIORS
  the firmly sewn shirts of WARRIORS → ARMOUR

  mail-coat
  1.8. shirt of the warrior

• Eskál Vell 34^I

  sigbjǫrk
  ‘of the battle-birches’ = WARRIORS
  the battle-birches → WARRIORS

  warrior
  2.1. tree of battle

• Eskál Vell 34^I

  sómMiðjungr
  ‘the bow-miðjungar’ = WARRIORS
  the bow-miðjungar → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.4.5. supernatural being of the weapon

• Eskál Vell 34^I

  skúr Hǫgna
  ‘the showers of Hǫgni’ = ARROWS
  the showers of Hǫgni → ARROWS

  arrow, spear
  1.7. shower of the legendary hero

• Eskál Vell 34^I

  róma Hôars
  ‘in the noise of Hárr’ = BATTLE
  in the noise of Hárr. → BATTLE

  battle
  2.4. din of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 35^I

  herstefnandi
  ‘the army-summoner’ = RULER
  The army-summoner → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  3.2. summoner of the army

• Eskál Vell 35^I

  tafn ylgjar
  ‘the prey of the she-wolf’ = CORPSE
  the prey of the she-wolf. → CORPSE

  corpse, slain
  1.2. food of the wolf

• Eskál Vell 36^I

  gollsendir
  ‘the gold-distributor’ = GENEROUS MAN = Einarr, I
  The gold-distributor → GENEROUS MAN = Einarr, I

  generous man
  2.4.1. sender of gold

• Eskál Vell 36^I

  hljótr grundar
  ‘the recipient of land’ = RULER
  the recipient of land → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  5.3. receiver of land

• Eskál Vell 36^I

  mjǫðr Yggs
  ‘the mead of Yggr’ = POEM
  the mead of Yggr; → POEM

  poetry
  1.1.1. drink of Óðinn

• Eskál Vell 37^I

  sonr Bestlu
  ‘the son of Bestla’ = Óðinn
  the son of Bestla; → Óðinn

  Óðinn
  1.4. son of Bestla (C4a)