Eskál Vell 19I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla 19’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 306.
Hóf ‘was carried’
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hefja (verb): lift, start
und ‘under’
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
hytar ‘’
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hiti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): [heat]
kennings
kneyfi hyrjar Þundar;‘the destroyer of the fire of Þundr; ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the fire of Þundr; → SWORD
the destroyer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
kennings
kneyfi hyrjar Þundar;‘the destroyer of the fire of Þundr; ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the fire of Þundr; → SWORD
the destroyer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
kneyfi ‘the destroyer’
(not checked:)
kneyfir (noun m.)
kennings
kneyfi hyrjar Þundar;‘the destroyer of the fire of Þundr; ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the fire of Þundr; → SWORD
the destroyer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
hraut ‘spurted’
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1. hrjóta (verb): fling, fly
unda ‘of wounds’
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1. und (noun f.; °; -ir): wound
fjǫl ‘a multitude’
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fjǫlð (noun f.): multitude
notes
[2] fjǫl ‘a multitude’: The ms. spellings point to the synonymous fjǫlð, but since Craigie’s Law demands a short-stemmed noun here (cf. Gade 1995a, 29-30), it appears that fjǫlð has replaced an earlier fjǫl (as also in Hfr ErfÓl 7/6).
Þundar ‘of Þundr’
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Þundr (noun m.): Þundr
kennings
kneyfi hyrjar Þundar;‘the destroyer of the fire of Þundr; ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the fire of Þundr; → SWORD
the destroyer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
Þundar ‘of Þundr’
(not checked:)
Þundr (noun m.): Þundr
kennings
kneyfi hyrjar Þundar;‘the destroyer of the fire of Þundr; ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the fire of Þundr; → SWORD
the destroyer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
sleit ‘broke off’
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slíta (verb): to tear
víg ‘the battle’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
[3] á: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, at FskBˣ, 51ˣ, 301ˣ, á corrected from at 302ˣ
vægi ‘’
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vægi (noun n.; °-s): [with a sword]
vendar ‘’
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Vinðr (noun m.; °; vinðr/-ir): the Wends
vandar ‘of the mast’
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vǫndr (noun m.; °vandar, dat. vendi/vǫnd; vendir, acc. vǫndu/vendi): rod, want, mast
[4] vandar: ‘vendar’ FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
kennings
dýr vandar‘The beast of the mast ’
= SHIP
The beast of the mast → SHIP
notes
[4] vandar ‘of the mast’: Vǫndr normally means ‘wand’ or ‘staff’, but can also denote a ‘mast’ (LP: vǫndr 5).
dýr ‘The beast’
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1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal
kennings
dýr vandar‘The beast of the mast ’
= SHIP
The beast of the mast → SHIP
at ‘towards’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
landi ‘land’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
vé ‘’
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2. vé (noun n.; °; -): banner, standard
fjǫl ‘The war’
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fjǫl- ((prefix)): very- < fjǫlsnerrinn (adj.)fjǫl- ((prefix)): very-
kennings
Fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs‘The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr ’
= Hákon jarl
The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl
notes
[5] fjǫlsnerrinn ‘war-seasoned’: The cpd, and indeed the simplex snerrinn, is a hap. leg. Snerrinn is related to adj. snarr ‘bold, keen, vigorous’ and snerra f. ‘battle, tumult’ (AEW: snerra 1, 2), hence fjǫlsnerrinn means ‘much experienced in battle’, or ‘very bold’.
rennr ‘’
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2. renna (verb): run (strong)
nir ‘’
snerrinn ‘seasoned’
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snerrinn (adj.): [seasoned] < fjǫlsnerrinn (adj.)
[5] ‑snerrinn: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, ‘‑ner rennr’ FskBˣ, 51ˣ, 302ˣ
kennings
Fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs‘The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr ’
= Hákon jarl
The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl
notes
[5] fjǫlsnerrinn ‘war-seasoned’: The cpd, and indeed the simplex snerrinn, is a hap. leg. Snerrinn is related to adj. snarr ‘bold, keen, vigorous’ and snerra f. ‘battle, tumult’ (AEW: snerra 1, 2), hence fjǫlsnerrinn means ‘much experienced in battle’, or ‘very bold’.
fyrri ‘the first’
(not checked:)
1. fyrri (adj. comp.; °superl. fyrstr): first
kennings
Fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs‘The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr ’
= Hákon jarl
The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl
notes
[6] fégildandi ‘generous’: (a) Most eds follow Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 134) and Finnur Jónsson (1891a, 169-70) in choosing fémildr konungr ‘generous king’, the reading of the FskA transcripts, emending konungr to konung. This creates syntactically complicated relationships between l. 6 and l. 8, with fémildr qualifying niðr Yggs ‘descendant of Yggr [= Hákon jarl]’, konung as the object of biðja ‘ask’, and vildi ‘wanted to’ as an auxiliary of biðja. This interpretation also raises the issue of who would be the first to ask the king (who is presumably Ragnfrøðr, see Note to st. 20/2) for peace if it were not the jarl. (b) Selecting fégjaldandi from FskBˣ and 51ˣ, with minor emendation to fégildandi ‘wealth-distributing’, i.e. ‘generous’, solves both of these problems and is adopted by this edn (so Kock, Skald; Ohlmarks 1958, 375). Although gilda normally means ‘appraise, value’, gildir occurs with the sense ‘distributor’ in several kennings (see LP: gildir).
gjaldandi ‘’
(not checked:)
gjaldandi (noun m.): °betaler < fégjaldandi (noun m.)
konungr ‘’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
gildandi ‘generous’
(not checked:)
gilda (verb): appraise < fégildandi (noun m.)
[6] ‑gildandi: ‑gjaldandi FskBˣ, 51ˣ, 302ˣ, ‑mildr konungr FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
kennings
Fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs‘The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr ’
= Hákon jarl
The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl
notes
[6] fégildandi ‘generous’: (a) Most eds follow Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 134) and Finnur Jónsson (1891a, 169-70) in choosing fémildr konungr ‘generous king’, the reading of the FskA transcripts, emending konungr to konung. This creates syntactically complicated relationships between l. 6 and l. 8, with fémildr qualifying niðr Yggs ‘descendant of Yggr [= Hákon jarl]’, konung as the object of biðja ‘ask’, and vildi ‘wanted to’ as an auxiliary of biðja. This interpretation also raises the issue of who would be the first to ask the king (who is presumably Ragnfrøðr, see Note to st. 20/2) for peace if it were not the jarl. (b) Selecting fégjaldandi from FskBˣ and 51ˣ, with minor emendation to fégildandi ‘wealth-distributing’, i.e. ‘generous’, solves both of these problems and is adopted by this edn (so Kock, Skald; Ohlmarks 1958, 375). Although gilda normally means ‘appraise, value’, gildir occurs with the sense ‘distributor’ in several kennings (see LP: gildir).
vildi ‘want’
(not checked:)
vilja (verb): want, intend
[6] vildi: so 51ˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, ‘vi(ll)de’(?) FskBˣ
vægðisk ‘’
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1. vægja (verb): yield
vægðit ‘did not yield’
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1. vægja (verb): yield
[7] vægðit (‘vægðe at’): vægðisk FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
jarl ‘the jarl’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
fyr ‘to’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
jǫfri ‘the prince’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
Yggs ‘of Yggr’
(not checked:)
1. Yggr (noun m.): Yggr
kennings
Fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs‘The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr ’
= Hákon jarl
The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl
niðr ‘descendant’
(not checked:)
1. niðr (noun m.; °-s; niðjar/niðir, acc. niði): son, kinsman, relative
kennings
Fjǫlsnerrinn fégildandi niðr Yggs‘The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr ’
= Hákon jarl
The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr → Hákon jarl
friðar ‘for peace’
(not checked:)
friðr (noun m.): peace
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hóf und hyrjar kneyfi |
The beast of the mast [SHIP] was carried towards land under the destroyer of the fire of Þundr <= Óðinn> [SWORD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]; a multitude of wounds spurted; that broke off the battle on the sea. The war-seasoned generous descendant of Yggr <= Óðinn> [= Hákon jarl] did not want to be the first to ask for peace; the jarl did not yield to the prince.
Since Hákon has fewer ships but a larger land force, he lands and challenges Ragnfrøðr Eiríksson to do battle with him there; but because he fears Hákon’s host, Ragnfrøðr declines. Fsk cites sts 19 and 20, which both refer to this event, without interruption.
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