Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Hákonardrápa 1

Edith Marold

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Eskál Hákdr 1^I

Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Hákonardrápa 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 279.

Einarr skálaglamm Helgason Hákonardrápa 1

Byggði ‘occupied’

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2. byggja (verb; °byggir/byggvir; byggði; byggðr): inhabit, dwell; build, found

[1] Byggði: so all others, ‘[...]’ FskBˣ

kennings

lunda gunnborðs
‘of the trees of the battle-board ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-board → SHIELD
the trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

lék ‘was’

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3. leika (verb): play

orð ‘the talk’

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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word

á ‘about’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

því ‘that’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

forðum ‘once’

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forðum (adv.): formerly, once

Gamla ‘of Gamli’

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Gamli (noun m.): gamli

kennings

Kind Gamla,
‘The kin of Gamli, ’
= Eiríkssynir
The kin of Gamli, → Eiríkssynir

notes

[3] kind Gamla ‘the kin of Gamli [= Eiríkssynir]’: The kenning appears to denote the Eiríkssynir, the sons of Eiríkr blóðøx and Gunnhildr. Gamli, who died at the battle of Rastarkálfr c. 955 (cf. Eyv Lv 6/4 and Note) was the eldest of them. However, kind would normally refer to sons or descendants rather than brothers, and there is an alternative possibility (mentioned by Finnur Jónsson, LP: kind) that this Gamli is Gormr inn gamli ‘the Old’, the Danish king who was maternal grandfather of the Eiríkssynir.

kind ‘The kin’

(not checked:)
kind (noun f.; °-ar; -r): offspring, race

kennings

Kind Gamla,
‘The kin of Gamli, ’
= Eiríkssynir
The kin of Gamli, → Eiríkssynir

notes

sús ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

granda ‘to destroy’

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granda (verb): harm, injure

notes

[3, 4] granda véum ‘to destroy sanctuaries’: Eiríkr blóðøx and his sons were repeatedly blamed for having destroyed heathen sanctuaries, e.g. Egill Lv 21^V (Eg 28).

gunn ‘of the battle’

(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board

kennings

lunda gunnborðs
‘of the trees of the battle-board ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-board → SHIELD
the trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

gunn ‘of the battle’

(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board

kennings

lunda gunnborðs
‘of the trees of the battle-board ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-board → SHIELD
the trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

borðs ‘board’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board

kennings

lunda gunnborðs
‘of the trees of the battle-board ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-board → SHIELD
the trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

borðs ‘board’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board

kennings

lunda gunnborðs
‘of the trees of the battle-board ’
= WARRIORS
the battle-board → SHIELD
the trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

venin ‘’

véum ‘sanctuaries’

(not checked:)
1. vé (noun n.): house, sanctuary

[4] véum: ‘venin’ FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ

notes

[3, 4] granda véum ‘to destroy sanctuaries’: Eiríkr blóðøx and his sons were repeatedly blamed for having destroyed heathen sanctuaries, e.g. Egill Lv 21^V (Eg 28).

þorði ‘dared’

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þora (verb): dare

Nús ‘Now’

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nú (adv.): now

afrendar ‘’

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afrendr (adj.; °compar. -ari): powerful

afrendra ‘powerful’

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afrendr (adj.; °compar. -ari): powerful

[5] afrendra: afrendar FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ

jǫfra ‘princes’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

Ullr ‘the Ullr’

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Ullr (noun m.): Ullr

kennings

Ullr geirvaðils,
‘the Ullr of the spear-ford, ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-ford, → SHIELD
the Ullr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

geir ‘of the spear’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear < geirvaðill (noun m.)geirr (noun m.): spear < geirvalinn (adj.)

kennings

Ullr geirvaðils,
‘the Ullr of the spear-ford, ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-ford, → SHIELD
the Ullr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

notes

[6] geirvaðils ‘of the spear-ford [SHIELD]’: This kenning is a variation on the pattern ‘path of the weapon’, meaning ‘shield’ (Meissner 169-70).

geir ‘of the spear’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear < geirvaðill (noun m.)geirr (noun m.): spear < geirvalinn (adj.)

kennings

Ullr geirvaðils,
‘the Ullr of the spear-ford, ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-ford, → SHIELD
the Ullr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

notes

[6] geirvaðils ‘of the spear-ford [SHIELD]’: This kenning is a variation on the pattern ‘path of the weapon’, meaning ‘shield’ (Meissner 169-70).

valins ‘’

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valinn (adj.) < geirvalinn (adj.)

vaðils ‘ford’

(not checked:)
vaðill (noun m.; °-s, dat. -vaðli; vaðlar): [ford] < geirvaðill (noun m.)

[6] ‑vaðils: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, ‑valins FskBˣ, 51ˣ, 302ˣ

kennings

Ullr geirvaðils,
‘the Ullr of the spear-ford, ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-ford, → SHIELD
the Ullr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

notes

[6] geirvaðils ‘of the spear-ford [SHIELD]’: This kenning is a variation on the pattern ‘path of the weapon’, meaning ‘shield’ (Meissner 169-70).

vaðils ‘ford’

(not checked:)
vaðill (noun m.; °-s, dat. -vaðli; vaðlar): [ford] < geirvaðill (noun m.)

[6] ‑vaðils: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, ‑valins FskBˣ, 51ˣ, 302ˣ

kennings

Ullr geirvaðils,
‘the Ullr of the spear-ford, ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-ford, → SHIELD
the Ullr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl

notes

[6] geirvaðils ‘of the spear-ford [SHIELD]’: This kenning is a variation on the pattern ‘path of the weapon’, meaning ‘shield’ (Meissner 169-70).

þeira ‘of those’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

sóknar ‘in battle’

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sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight

hvatr ‘bold’

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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave

at ‘upon’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

setri ‘the seat’

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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode

setrs ‘’

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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode

settr ‘is established’

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setja (verb): place, set, establish

[8] settr: setrs FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ

hrænum ‘’

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hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion

hverjum ‘any’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

[8] hverjum: so all others, ‘hrænum’ FskBˣ

gram ‘ruler’

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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

betri ‘better’

(not checked:)
betri (adj. comp.; °superl. beztr/baztr; pos. góðr adj.): better, best

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Fsk cites this stanza immediately after Vell 15 and 17, which praise the restoration of heathenism in Norway following Hákon jarl’s rise to power.

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Eskál Hákdr 1I

Byggði ‘occupied’

lǫnd ‘the lands’

en ‘and’

lunda ‘of the trees’

kennings

lék ‘was’

orð ‘the talk’

á ‘about’

því ‘that’

forðum ‘once’

Gamla ‘of Gamli’

kennings

notes

kind ‘The kin’

kennings

notes

sús ‘who’

granda ‘to destroy’

notes

gunn ‘of the battle’

kennings

gunn ‘of the battle’

kennings

borðs ‘board’

kennings

borðs ‘board’

kennings

venin ‘’

véum ‘sanctuaries’

notes

þorði ‘dared’

Nús ‘Now’

afrendar ‘’

afrendra ‘powerful’

jǫfra ‘princes’

Ullr ‘the Ullr’

kennings

geir ‘of the spear’

kennings

notes

geir ‘of the spear’

kennings

notes

valins ‘’

vaðils ‘ford’

kennings

notes

vaðils ‘ford’

kennings

notes

þeira ‘of those’

sóknar ‘in battle’

hvatr ‘bold’

at ‘upon’

setri ‘the seat’

setrs ‘’

settr ‘is established’

hrænum ‘’

hverjum ‘any’

gram ‘ruler’

betri ‘better’

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Eskál Hákdr 1^I