Eskál Vell 30I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla 30’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 321.
hafði ‘’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
var ‘’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
áðan ‘before’
(not checked:)
áðan (adv.): before
ǫngr ‘’
(not checked:)
2. engi (pron.): no, none
mann ‘’
(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person
notes
[2, 5] mannr; maðr ‘man’; ‘one’: Mannr (l. 2) forms an aðalhending with ranni ‘house’ and is stressed, while maðr (l. 5) is in unstressed position (in Bara maðr ‘No one carried’, lit. ‘One did not carry’).
und ‘carrying’
(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath
vanni ‘’
ský ‘’
(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
kennings
ranni Sǫrla‘a house of Sǫrli ’
= SHIELD
a house of Sǫrli → SHIELD
notes
[2, 4] und ranni Sǫrla ‘carrying a house of Sǫrli <legendary hero> [SHIELD]’: Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Fsk 1902-3; Skj B) places this phrase in the main clause, but this leads to a tripartition of l. 4 that can be avoided if it is placed in the subordinate clause.
hyrjar ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
hyrjar ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
þings ‘’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
þing ‘an assembly’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
[3] þing: so J1ˣ, 61, 54, Bb, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, þings Kˣ, F, J2ˣ
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
herja ‘harry’
(not checked:)
2. herja (verb): harry, ravage
hjǫr ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrlaut (noun f.)hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
notes
[4] hjǫrlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’: See teinlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’ in st. 29/8.
hjǫr ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrlaut (noun f.)hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
notes
[4] hjǫrlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’: See teinlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’ in st. 29/8.
hjǫr ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrlaut (noun f.)hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
notes
[4] hjǫrlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’: See teinlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’ in st. 29/8.
lautr ‘’
lautar ‘dale’
(not checked:)
laut (noun f.): dell, hollow < hjǫrlaut (noun f.)
[4] ‑lautar: ‑lautr J1ˣ
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
notes
[4] hjǫrlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’: See teinlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’ in st. 29/8.
lautar ‘dale’
(not checked:)
laut (noun f.): dell, hollow < hjǫrlaut (noun f.)
[4] ‑lautar: ‑lautr J1ˣ
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
notes
[4] hjǫrlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’: See teinlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’ in st. 29/8.
lautar ‘dale’
(not checked:)
laut (noun f.): dell, hollow < hjǫrlaut (noun f.)
[4] ‑lautar: ‑lautr J1ˣ
kennings
þing hyrjar hjǫrlautar,‘an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale, ’
= BATTLE
the sword-dale, → SHIELD
the fire of the SHIELD → SWORD
an assembly of the SWORD → BATTLE
notes
[4] hjǫrlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’: See teinlautar ‘of the sword-dale [SHIELD]’ in st. 29/8.
kom ‘had come’
(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
sǫrva ‘’
(not checked:)
Sǫrvi (noun m.): Sǫrvi
gjǫrva ‘’
kennings
ranni Sǫrla‘a house of Sǫrli ’
= SHIELD
a house of Sǫrli → SHIELD
notes
[2, 4] und ranni Sǫrla ‘carrying a house of Sǫrli <legendary hero> [SHIELD]’: Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Fsk 1902-3; Skj B) places this phrase in the main clause, but this leads to a tripartition of l. 4 that can be avoided if it is placed in the subordinate clause.
barat ‘’
(not checked:)
3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
bera ‘’
(not checked:)
3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
Bara ‘carried’
(not checked:)
3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
[5] Bara: bera 61, 54, Bb, barat FskAˣ
munn ‘’
(not checked:)
munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth
mun ‘’
(not checked:)
munu (verb): will, must
notes
[2, 5] mannr; maðr ‘man’; ‘one’: Mannr (l. 2) forms an aðalhending with ranni ‘house’ and is stressed, while maðr (l. 5) is in unstressed position (in Bara maðr ‘No one carried’, lit. ‘One did not carry’).
langs ‘’
(not checked:)
langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
lyngs ‘of the heath’
(not checked:)
lyng (noun n.; °dat. -vi/-i; -): heather
[5] lyngs: ‘laungs’ 54, Bb
kennings
lyngs barða lopt‘the loft of the whale of the heath ’
= GOLD
the whale of the heath → SNAKE
the loft of the SNAKE → GOLD
lyngs ‘of the heath’
(not checked:)
lyng (noun n.; °dat. -vi/-i; -): heather
[5] lyngs: ‘laungs’ 54, Bb
kennings
lyngs barða lopt‘the loft of the whale of the heath ’
= GOLD
the whale of the heath → SNAKE
the loft of the SNAKE → GOLD
ins ‘’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
láð ‘’
(not checked:)
2. láð (noun n.): earth, land < láðvǫrðuðr (noun m.)
lopt ‘the loft’
(not checked:)
loft (noun n.): air, sky < loftvarðaðr (adj./verb p.p.)
[6] lopt‑: láð‑ FskAˣ
kennings
lyngs barða lopt‘the loft of the whale of the heath ’
= GOLD
the whale of the heath → SNAKE
the loft of the SNAKE → GOLD
varðaðar ‘adorned with’
(not checked:)
2. varða (verb): defend < loftvarðaðr (adj./verb p.p.)2. varða (verb): defend < láðvǫrðuðr (noun m.)
notes
[6] -varðaðar ‘adorned with’: This is the p. p. of varða ‘to guard’. The sense is assumed to have arisen via the meaning ‘to surround’ (LP: loptvarðaðr).
garða ‘’
(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
kennings
lyngs barða lopt‘the loft of the whale of the heath ’
= GOLD
the whale of the heath → SNAKE
the loft of the SNAKE → GOLD
kennings
lyngs barða lopt‘the loft of the whale of the heath ’
= GOLD
the whale of the heath → SNAKE
the loft of the SNAKE → GOLD
allt ‘through all’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
vann ‘managed to’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
gramr ‘the ruler’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
und ‘’
(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath
gengit ‘march’
(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
Gautland ‘of Götaland’
(not checked:)
Gautland (noun n.): [Götaland]
fyr ‘’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
sjó ‘’
(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea
randir ‘shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Háði jarl, þars áðan |
The jarl held an assembly of the fire of the sword-dale [SHIELD > SWORD > BATTLE], where no man carrying a house of Sǫrli <legendary hero> [SHIELD] had come to harry before. No one carried shields, adorned with the loft of the whale of the heath [SNAKE > GOLD] any further from the sea; the ruler managed to march through all of Götaland.
See Context to st. 29. TGT cites ll. 1-2 to illustrate iotacismus, which is the occurrence of j between two vowels, as in the stanza’s háði jarl. TGT classifies it as a form of barbarismus, an ugly combination of sounds (ofagra samansætning stafanna, TGT 1998, 118).
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