Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Valgarðr á Velli, Poem about Haraldr harðráði 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 304-5.
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skjóta (verb): shoot
[1, 2] skauzt beiti und inn frízta farm ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’: Because the prep. und ‘under’ takes the acc. here, motion is implied, and ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’ must refer to Haraldr loading up his ship.
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
[1, 2] skauzt beiti und inn frízta farm ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’: Because the prep. und ‘under’ takes the acc. here, motion is implied, and ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’ must refer to Haraldr loading up his ship.
[1, 2] skauzt beiti und inn frízta farm ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’: Because the prep. und ‘under’ takes the acc. here, motion is implied, and ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’ must refer to Haraldr loading up his ship.
[1, 2] skauzt beiti und inn frízta farm ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’: Because the prep. und ‘under’ takes the acc. here, motion is implied, and ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’ must refer to Haraldr loading up his ship.
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fríðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): beautiful, fair
[1] frízta: fríztum F, fríða Hr
[1, 2] skauzt beiti und inn frízta farm ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’: Because the prep. und ‘under’ takes the acc. here, motion is implied, and ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’ must refer to Haraldr loading up his ship.
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
[2] veitisk þér: veitir þat 39, veitir þér F, E, ‘[…]’ Mork
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[2] veitisk þér: veitir þat 39, veitir þér F, E, ‘[…]’ Mork
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2. beit (noun n.): ship
[1, 2] skauzt beiti und inn frízta farm ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’: Because the prep. und ‘under’ takes the acc. here, motion is implied, and ‘you pushed a ship under the most splendid cargo’ must refer to Haraldr loading up his ship.
[3] farðir: so 39, F, E, FskAˣ, Mork, ‘furðir’ Kˣ, fœrðir J2ˣ, H, Hr
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gull (noun n.): gold
[3] goll ‘gold’: Haraldr had accumulated a vast fortune while in the employment of the Greeks, and he had secretly sent it back to Russia for safekeeping. It is possible that he had also been guilty of embezzling money collected on his tax-gathering expeditions, which could have led to his imprisonment in 1042 shortly before the insurrections began in Constantinople (see Sigfús Blöndal 1978, 86-7).
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3. ór (prep.): out of
[3] ór Gǫrðum ‘from Russia’: See Note to Hharð Gamv 1/7.
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Garðar (noun m.): Russia
[3] ór Gǫrðum ‘from Russia’: See Note to Hharð Gamv 1/7.
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grunr (noun m.): suspicion, deceit < grunlauss (adj.): unsuspecting
[4] grun‑: ‘gróm‑’ E
[4] grunlaust ‘without a doubt’: Lit. ‘suspicion- or doubt-lessly’. Skj B connects this with frami veitisk þér ‘success is granted you without suspicion’ (l. 2), which does not make much sense and creates a convoluted w. o. (see NN §806). The translation of grunlaust is problematic, and the present edn follows NN §1144.
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lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < grunlauss (adj.): unsuspecting
[4] grunlaust ‘without a doubt’: Lit. ‘suspicion- or doubt-lessly’. Skj B connects this with frami veitisk þér ‘success is granted you without suspicion’ (l. 2), which does not make much sense and creates a convoluted w. o. (see NN §806). The translation of grunlaust is problematic, and the present edn follows NN §1144.
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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr
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austan (adv.): from the east
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave
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í (prep.): in, into
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[5] hǫrðu: hǫrðum FskAˣ
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugdyggr (adj.): steadfast
[6] hug‑: so FskAˣ, Mork, H, Hr, hvar‑ Kˣ, 39, F, E, J2ˣ
[6] hugdyggr ‘loyal-minded’: Hvardyggr ‘most loyal’ lit. ‘everywhere loyal’ is an equally plausible reading, but appears to be a Hkr innovation.
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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy < hugdyggr (adj.): steadfast
[6] hugdyggr ‘loyal-minded’: Hvardyggr ‘most loyal’ lit. ‘everywhere loyal’ is an equally plausible reading, but appears to be a Hkr innovation.
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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Sigtún (noun n.): [Sigtuna]
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2. en (conj.): but, and
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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship
[8] hnigðu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘pitched’: Hníga is otherwise attested only as a strong verb (class 1). In hnigðu the quantity of the vowel is secured by internal rhyme (-ig- : -ig-), and the verb must be a weak formation to the third grade of ablaut of the strong verb (see ANG §482, Anm. 3). Kock’s attempt to connect it with hnika ‘drive, thrust against’ (NN §875) is untenable from a grammatical point of view (the pret. would be hnikuðu; see Arn Hryn 2).
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Haraldr set out from Russia to Sweden with three ships (Mork: ‘one ship’) and put to shore in Sigtuna, Sweden (c. 1044).
For Haraldr’s voyage from Russia to Sweden, see also ÞjóðA Sex 9.
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