SnSt Ht 78III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 78’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1189.
Hrǫnn ‘the wave’
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hrǫnn (noun f.; °; dat. -um): wave
skerr ‘cuts’
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skera (verb): cut
hvatt ‘fast’
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave
ferr ‘travels’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
húfr ‘hull’
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húfr (noun m.; °dat. -i): hull
kaldr ‘The cold’
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kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold
allvaldr ‘the mighty ruler’
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allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler
lá ‘the surf’
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1. lá (noun f.; °; -r): surf
brýtr ‘breaks’
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brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy
lǫg ‘the sea’
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lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea
skýtr ‘thrusts aside’
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skjóta (verb): shoot
lim ‘the branch’
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1. lim (noun f.; °; -ar): limb < limgarmr (noun m.): [branch-hound]
kennings
lim-Garmr‘the branch-Garmr ’
= STORM
the branch-Garmr → STORM
notes
[4] lim-Garmr ‘the branch-Garmr <dog> [STORM]’: Garmr was the dog whose barking presaged the end of the world in Old Norse myth (see Vsp 44/1, 49/1, 58/1). The sense of this kenning is ‘destroyer of branches’, i.e. ‘storm’, though kennings of this type usually refer to ‘fire’ (e.g. ESk Run 7/8II).
Garmr ‘Garmr’
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garmr (noun m.): dog < limgarmr (noun m.): [branch-hound]
kennings
lim-Garmr‘the branch-Garmr ’
= STORM
the branch-Garmr → STORM
notes
[4] lim-Garmr ‘the branch-Garmr <dog> [STORM]’: Garmr was the dog whose barking presaged the end of the world in Old Norse myth (see Vsp 44/1, 49/1, 58/1). The sense of this kenning is ‘destroyer of branches’, i.e. ‘storm’, though kennings of this type usually refer to ‘fire’ (e.g. ESk Run 7/8II).
rangbarmr ‘the curved side of the ship’
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rangbarmr (noun m.): curved side of ship
notes
[4] rangbarmr ‘the curved side of the ship’: Lit. ‘the frame-rim’.
Brátt ‘suddenly’
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bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)
skekr ‘shakes’
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2. skaka (verb): shake
notes
[5] skekr ‘shakes’: Used impersonally with blán vegg ‘the dark sail’ (l. 6) as the acc. object.
byrr ‘the breeze’
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
rekr ‘unfolds’
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2. reka (verb): drive, force
vegg ‘sail’
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1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall
rá ‘the sailyard’
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3. rá (noun f.): sail-yard < ráskegg (noun n.): [sailyard-beard]
kennings
ráskegg;‘the sailyard-beard; ’
= SAIL
the sailyard-beard; → SAIL
skegg ‘beard’
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skegg (noun n.; °-s; -): beard < ráskegg (noun n.): [sailyard-beard]
kennings
ráskegg;‘the sailyard-beard; ’
= SAIL
the sailyard-beard; → SAIL
jarl ‘jarl’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
lætr ‘leaves’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
almætr ‘the thoroughly glorious’
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almætr (adj.): most glorious
ósvipt ‘unreefed’
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1. ósviptr (adj./verb p.p.): [unreefed]
hún ‘of the mast-top’
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1. húnn (noun m.; °; húnar): knob < húnskrift (noun f.): decorated cloth of the mast-top
kennings
húnskript‘the decorated cloth of the mast-top ’
= SAIL
the decorated cloth of the mast-top → SAIL
notes
[8] húnskript ‘the decorated cloth of the mast-top [SAIL]’: A sail decorated with pictures (see Sturl Hákkv 11/5II and Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 2/8II).
skript ‘the decorated cloth ’
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1. skrift (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): image < húnskrift (noun f.): decorated cloth of the mast-top
kennings
húnskript‘the decorated cloth of the mast-top ’
= SAIL
the decorated cloth of the mast-top → SAIL
notes
[8] húnskript ‘the decorated cloth of the mast-top [SAIL]’: A sail decorated with pictures (see Sturl Hákkv 11/5II and Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 2/8II).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Hrǫnn skerr (hvatt ferr) |
The cold hull cuts the wave; the mighty ruler travels fast; the branch-Garmr <dog> [STORM] breaks the surf; the curved side of the ship thrusts aside the sea. The dark sail suddenly shakes; the breeze unfolds the sailyard-beard [SAIL]; the thoroughly glorious jarl leaves the decorated cloth of the mast-top [SAIL] unreefed.
The name of the metre is alhnept ‘completely curtailed’. All lines are tetrasyllabic and have internal rhymes (aðalhendingar) on secondarily stressed syllables in positions 2 and 4. The internal rhymes are monosyllabic (hnept, see st. 77 above) and comprise the entire rhyming syllable (SnE 2007, 33: <ok lúkask> báðar í einn staf ‘and both [syllables] end with the same letter’). In the odd lines alliteration falls in positions 1 and 3. All lines are Type A2ab.
For this metre, see also RvHbreiðm Hl 49-50, 69-70 and 77-8. It is also attested in Ótt Óldr 1/4, 2/2, 5/2, 4 and 6/4.
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