Sigv Austv 9I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 596.
Kátr ‘cheerful’
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kátr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
vask ‘I was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
opp ‘’
úti ‘out’
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úti (adv.): out, outdoors, out at sea, abroad
notes
[1, 2] úti á fjǫrðum ‘out in the fjords’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) has this modify skóf ‘raked’ in l. 4 rather than veðr ‘wind’ in l. 2. Jón Skaptason (1983, 90) and Hkr 1991 take it with vási ‘storm/sea-toil’ (see Note to l. 3).
ærþekt ‘’
veðr ‘wind’
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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[1, 2] úti á fjǫrðum ‘out in the fjords’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) has this modify skóf ‘raked’ in l. 4 rather than veðr ‘wind’ in l. 2. Jón Skaptason (1983, 90) and Hkr 1991 take it with vási ‘storm/sea-toil’ (see Note to l. 3).
fjǫrðum ‘the fjords’
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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord
notes
[1, 2] úti á fjǫrðum ‘out in the fjords’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) has this modify skóf ‘raked’ in l. 4 rather than veðr ‘wind’ in l. 2. Jón Skaptason (1983, 90) and Hkr 1991 take it with vási ‘storm/sea-toil’ (see Note to l. 3).
vísa ‘of the ruler’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
kennings
vísa Strinda‘of the ruler of the Strindir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Strindir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
sex ‘’
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sex (num. cardinal): six
segls ‘’
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segl (noun n.; °-s; -): sail
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[3] í vási ‘in a drenching storm’: Vás means ‘wetness, toil, fatigue, from storm, sea, frost, bad weather, or the like’ (CVC: vás), but some of the examples show that vás may simply refer to adverse weather (as a cause of fatigue). Í vási can be variously construed. (a) It is taken here with the subordinate clause (so also Kock, NN §1861; Jón Skaptason 1983, 90). (b) Taking it in the sense ‘in a storm’ in the main, initial clause is also satisfactory, providing a reference to stormy weather in each clause, though the word order is more complex. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopted this arrangement, following Ternström (1871). He seems to have understood vás as describing Sigvatr’s condition, rather than the weather (cf. LP: vás, defining it as strabadser ‘fatigue, toils’).
vási ‘a drenching storm’
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vás (noun n.; °-s; dat. -um): hardship
notes
[3] í vási ‘in a drenching storm’: Vás means ‘wetness, toil, fatigue, from storm, sea, frost, bad weather, or the like’ (CVC: vás), but some of the examples show that vás may simply refer to adverse weather (as a cause of fatigue). Í vási can be variously construed. (a) It is taken here with the subordinate clause (so also Kock, NN §1861; Jón Skaptason 1983, 90). (b) Taking it in the sense ‘in a storm’ in the main, initial clause is also satisfactory, providing a reference to stormy weather in each clause, though the word order is more complex. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopted this arrangement, following Ternström (1871). He seems to have understood vás as describing Sigvatr’s condition, rather than the weather (cf. LP: vás, defining it as strabadser ‘fatigue, toils’).
blásin ‘’
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2. blása (verb; °blǽss; blés, blésu; blásinn): blow < vindblásinn (adj./verb p.p.)
blásit ‘blown’
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blásinn (adj.): [blown] < vindblásinn (adj./verb p.p.)
[4] ‑blásit: ‑blásin 73aˣ, 61, 75c, 325VII, Flat, Tóm
skók ‘’
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2. skaka (verb): shake
skóf ‘raked’
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skafa (verb): plane, smoothe
[4] skóf: skók R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, ‘s[…]’ 325VII
innan ‘’
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innan (prep.): inside, within
Strindar ‘’
Strinda ‘of the Strindir’
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Strindir (noun m.): the Strindir
[4] Strinda: so 68, Holm4, Kˣ, Strindar Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 75c, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, Bb, innan 61
kennings
vísa Strinda‘of the ruler of the Strindir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Strindir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[4] Strinda ‘of the Strindir’: The people of Strinda, a district in Trøndelag. The reading Strindar in several mss would be the gen. sg. of the p. n.
Hestr ‘The horse’
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
kennings
Hestr kafs‘The horse of the deep ’
= SHIP
The horse of the deep → SHIP
óð ‘advanced’
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vaða (verb): advance, wade
kapps ‘’
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kapp (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, vigour, courage
kafs ‘of the deep’
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kaf (noun n.; °; *-): deep sea
[5] kafs: so 325V, R686ˣ, 75a, 73aˣ, 61, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Kˣ, kapps Holm2, 325VI, 78aˣ, 68, Tóm, Bb, ‘[…]’ 75c
kennings
Hestr kafs‘The horse of the deep ’
= SHIP
The horse of the deep → SHIP
á ‘’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
af ‘’
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af (prep.): from
at ‘at’
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4. at (conj.): that
[5] at: af 325V, R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, Flat, á 61
notes
[5] at kostum ‘at a fine pace’: Lit. ‘at good qualities’. Turville-Petre (1976, 79-80) renders this ‘(pranced) nobly’, comparing ModIcel. fara á kostum ‘go splendidly’, as applied to a horse.
kǫstu ‘’
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kǫstr (noun m.; °dat. kesti; kestir, acc. kǫstu): pile
kostum ‘a fine pace’
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1. kostr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): choice, food, goods, good quality
[5] kostum: kǫstum 325V, kǫstu 61
notes
[5] at kostum ‘at a fine pace’: Lit. ‘at good qualities’. Turville-Petre (1976, 79-80) renders this ‘(pranced) nobly’, comparing ModIcel. fara á kostum ‘go splendidly’, as applied to a horse.
kilir ‘the keels’
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kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship
hristu ‘’
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hrista (verb): shake
notes
[6] ristu ‘cleft’: Despite the spelling with initial <hr> in 325V, Holm4 and Kˣ, the <h> is probably inorganic (see Pokorny 1959, 859; Orel 2003: *rīstanan).
haf ‘’
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea
men ‘the necklace’
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2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring
[6] men: so Holm4, Kˣ, haf Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, 75c, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, Bb
kennings
men Lista,‘the necklace of Lista ’
= SEA
the necklace of Lista → SEA
Lista ‘of Lista’
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Listi (noun m.): [Lista]
kennings
men Lista,‘the necklace of Lista ’
= SEA
the necklace of Lista → SEA
notes
[6] Lista ‘Lista’: ON Listi, ModNorw. Lista, a district in Vest-Agder, southern Norway, and hence ‘land’ in general in the present context of a sea-kenning; cf. also st. 18/6.
út ‘out’
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út (adv.): out(side)
þara ‘’
þar ‘’
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þar (adv.): there
rísa ‘’
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rísa (verb): rise, raise
létu ‘’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
unda ‘’
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1. und (noun f.; °; -ir): wound
skeiðar ‘’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
skeiðs ‘’
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2. skeið (noun n.; °; -): race, course
skeið ‘’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
skeiðr ‘the warships’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
[8] skeiðr: skeið 325V, skeiðar R686ˣ, 972ˣ, skeiðs Tóm
á ‘’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
af ‘’
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af (prep.): from
sundi ‘sea’
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Kátr vask opt, þás úti |
I was often cheerful when a harsh wind out in the fjords raked the wind-blown sail of the ruler of the Strindir [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr] in a drenching storm. The horse of the deep [SHIP] advanced at a fine pace; the keels cleft the necklace of Lista [SEA] when we let the warships dash away out at sea.
ÓH and Hkr place this stanza on an earlier journey that Sigvatr makes with Bjǫrn digri ‘the Stout’, King Óláfr’s marshal, to visit Rǫgnvaldr jarl Úlfsson in Gautland (Västergötland). He speaks this and the next two stanzas as they ride into the territory.
On the inclusion of sts 9-12 in Austv, see Introduction. Turville-Petre (1976, 79) takes this stanza to show that much of Sigvatr’s journey was on shipboard, and he supports the view of Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 192-5) that Sigvatr sailed north to Romsdalen or Trondheim before setting out overland. Other situations could be imagined, e.g. that the stanza is retrospective, nostalgically comparing Sigvatr’s time aboard a royal ship with the miseries of the journey to the east.
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