Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 14

R. D. Fulk

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Sigv Austv 14^I

R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 14’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 603.

Sigvatr Þórðarson Austrfararvísur

13 14 15

drýg ‘’

(not checked:)
drýgja (verb; °-gð-): cause, practise < drýggenginn (adj.)

Drjúg ‘a long’

(not checked:)
drjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari (drýgari [$1033$] ms. 56v, superl. -astr): very, excessive < drjúggenginn (adj.)drjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari (drýgari [$1033$] ms. 56v, superl. -astr): very, excessivedrjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari (drýgari [$1033$] ms. 56v, superl. -astr): very, excessive < drjúgfenginn (adj.)

[1] Drjúg‑: so R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, Flat, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, drýg‑ Holm2, 325VII

notes

[1] drjúggenginn ‘a long slog’: More literally this is an adj. meaning ‘greatly traversed’, the sense being that it was a long and/or arduous journey: cf. Fóro driúgom dag þann fram ‘They went far that day’ (Hym 7/1-2, NK 89).

fengin ‘’

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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive < drjúgfenginn (adj.)

geingint ‘’

gengit ‘’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

genginn ‘slog’

(not checked:)
-genginn (adj.): [slog] < drjúggenginn (adj.)-genginn (adj.): [slog] < drýggenginn (adj.)

[1] ‑genginn: ‑fengin R686ˣ, ‘geingint’ 972ˣ, ‑gengit 73aˣ, 68, 61

notes

varð ‘’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

vas ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[1] vas (‘var’): varð 325VI, 73aˣ, 68, 61

drengjum ‘for the good fellows’

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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

notes

[1, 2] drengjum; drengr ‘for the good fellows; the good fellow [I]’: See Note to st. 5/2 on the word drengr.

drengr ‘the good fellow [I]’

(not checked:)
drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

notes

[1, 2] drengjum; drengr ‘for the good fellows; the good fellow [I]’: See Note to st. 5/2 on the word drengr.

[3] austr: ‘æztr’ 61

til ‘to’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

notes

[3] til þrýstis jǫfra ‘to the compeller of princes [RULER = Rǫgnvaldr]’: Schreiner (1927-9c, 39) finds it improbable that the phrase should be applied to Rǫgnvaldr, and he would have it describe King Óláfr of Sweden.

jofur ‘’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

jufra ‘’

jǫfra ‘of princes’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

[3] jǫfra: ‘jofur’ R686ˣ, ‘jufra’ Tóm

kennings

þrýstis jǫfra;
‘the compeller of princes; ’
= RULER = Rǫgnvaldr
the compeller of princes; → RULER = Rǫgnvaldr

notes

þrýstis ‘the compeller’

(not checked:)
þrýstir (noun m.): crusher

kennings

þrýstis jǫfra;
‘the compeller of princes; ’
= RULER = Rǫgnvaldr
the compeller of princes; → RULER = Rǫgnvaldr

notes

Eiða ‘Eid’

(not checked:)
eið (noun n.; °-s; -): ?oath/headland < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)eið (noun n.; °-s; -): ?oath/headland < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)eið (noun n.; °-s; -): ?oath/headland < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)eið (noun n.; °-s; -): ?oath/headlandeið (noun n.; °-s; -): ?oath/headland < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)

skógar ‘’

(not checked:)
skógr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i; -ar): forest < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)

skoðr ‘’

skóg ‘’

(not checked:)
skógr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i; -ar): forest < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)

skógs ‘’

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skógr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i; -ar): forest < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)

skógr ‘skogen’

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skógr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i; -ar): forest < Eiðaskógr (noun m.)

[4] ‑skógr: ‘skoðr’ 325V, ‑skógar R686ˣ, ‑skógs 325VI, 61, Flat, ‑skóg 73aˣ, 68

om ‘’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[4] á: ‘om’ 972ˣ

leiðar ‘’

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leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way

leiðum ‘’

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leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way

leiðu ‘the way’

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leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way

[4] leiðu: leiðum 325V, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Flat, leiðar 972ˣ

skvlldit ‘’

seldir ‘’

(not checked:)
4. selja (verb): hand over, sell, give

Skyldit ‘should not’

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skulu (verb): shall, should, must

[5] Skyldit: skyldik 972ˣ, seldir 61, ‘skvlldit’ Bb

mest ‘’

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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most

mér ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[5] mér: mest 61

áðr ‘before’

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áðr (adv.; °//): before

mildum ‘’

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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous

mildan ‘generous’

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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous

[5] mildan: mildum 68

manin ‘’

min ‘’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

minn ‘my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

[6] minn: ‘min’ Holm2, 325V, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, manin R686ˣ

dróttinn ‘’

(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master

dróttin ‘lord’

(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master

[6] dróttin: dróttinn 325V, 61, Tóm, Kˣ

notes

[6] dróttin ‘lord’: Finnur Jónsson (1932, 13) finds it implausible that the word could refer to Rǫgnvaldr rather than to Óláfr Haraldsson (especially qualified by minn ‘my’, one supposes), and thus he recommends positioning this stanza after the following one. Cf. Noreen (1923, 41).

réð ‘’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

kem ‘’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

komk ‘I arrived’

(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

[6] komk (‘kom ek’): so 68, Holm4, Flat, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, kem ek Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 61, 325VII, réð ek 73aˣ

finna ‘to find’

(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet

hlyns ‘’

(not checked:)
hlynr (noun m.; °-s): maple

hlunns ‘of the launcher’

(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller

[7] hlunns: hlyns 325VII

kennings

runnum dýrloga bekkjar hlunns
‘the bushes of the precious flame of the bench of the launcher ’
= MEN
the bench of the launcher → SEA
the precious flame of the SEA → GOLD
the bushes of the GOLD → MEN

hlunns ‘of the launcher’

(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller

[7] hlunns: hlyns 325VII

kennings

hlunns ‘of the launcher’

(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller

[7] hlunns: hlyns 325VII

kennings

á ‘’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

af ‘off’

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af (prep.): from

[7] af: á 325V, Bb

hilmis ‘of the ruler’

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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

runnum ‘{the bushes’

(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree

kennings

hneck ‘’

hneckr ‘’

hnekkt ‘have been driven’

(not checked:)
hnekkja (verb): drive off, reject

[8] hnekkt: ‘hneck’ 325V, ‘hneckr’ Flat, Tóm

dýr ‘of the precious’

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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious < dýrlogi (noun m.): [precious flame]

[8] dýrloga: dýrligan 75a, dýrðligan 73aˣ, dýrligu 68, dýrliga 61, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, dýrðliga Holm4

kennings

dýr ‘of the precious’

(not checked:)
dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious < dýrlogi (noun m.): [precious flame]

[8] dýrloga: dýrligan 75a, dýrðligan 73aˣ, dýrligu 68, dýrliga 61, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, dýrðliga Holm4

kennings

dýrligan ‘’

(not checked:)
dýrligr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-(a)st-): glorious, precious

dýrðligan ‘’

(not checked:)
dýrðligr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr/-st-): °exalted, sublime, glorious, munificent, wonderful, holy, beatific; distinguished, noble, illustrious, worthy, honourable, praiseworthy, reverend; (of material things) costly, precious, noble, magnificent

dýrligu ‘’

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dýrligr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-(a)st-): glorious, precious

dýrðliga ‘’

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dýrðliga (adv.): °magnificently, praiseworthily, worthily

dýrliga ‘’

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dýrliga (adv.; °superl. -ast): [ceremoniously]

loga ‘flame’

(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame < dýrlogi (noun m.): [precious flame]

[8] dýrloga: dýrligan 75a, dýrðligan 73aˣ, dýrligu 68, dýrliga 61, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, dýrðliga Holm4

kennings

loga ‘flame’

(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame < dýrlogi (noun m.): [precious flame]

[8] dýrloga: dýrligan 75a, dýrðligan 73aˣ, dýrligu 68, dýrliga 61, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, dýrðliga Holm4

kennings

bekkjar ‘of the bench’

(not checked:)
1. bekkr (noun m.; °-jar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): bench

kennings

bekkjar ‘of the bench’

(not checked:)
1. bekkr (noun m.; °-jar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): bench

kennings

bekkjar ‘of the bench’

(not checked:)
1. bekkr (noun m.; °-jar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): bench

kennings

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

As for st. 13.

The identity of the ruler addressed in the stanza is uncertain, but according to Snorri it is Rǫgnvaldr jarl (Context to st. 13). This would not be possible if Sigvatr’s destination Hof were a p. n. and were located in Norway (see Note to st. 4/1), since it is hardly to be supposed that any part of Norway was subject to his rule. — [2] drengr magnar lof þengils ‘the good fellow [I] strengthens the praise of the lord’: This intercalary introduces a note more characteristic of praise poetry into the travelogue. — [7-8]: The grandiose kenning is ironic in effect when applied to the people by whom the skald was hnekkt ‘driven off’.

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Sigv Austv 14I

drýg ‘’

Drjúg ‘a long’

notes

fengin ‘’

geingint ‘’

gengit ‘’

genginn ‘slog’

notes

varð ‘’

vas ‘was’

drengjum ‘for the good fellows’

notes

drengr ‘the good fellow [I]’

notes

magnar ‘strengthens’

lof ‘the praise’

þengils ‘of the lord’

æztr ‘’

austr ‘east’

til ‘to’

notes

jofur ‘’

jufra ‘’

jǫfra ‘of princes’

kennings

notes

þrýstis ‘the compeller’

kennings

notes

Eiða ‘Eid’

skógar ‘’

skoðr ‘’

skóg ‘’

skógs ‘’

skógr ‘skogen’

om ‘’

á ‘on’

leiðar ‘’

leiðum ‘’

leiðu ‘the way’

skvlldit ‘’

seldir ‘’

Skyldit ‘should not’

mest ‘’

mér ‘I’

áðr ‘before’

mildum ‘’

mildan ‘generous’

manin ‘’

min ‘’

minn ‘my’

dróttinn ‘’

dróttin ‘lord’

notes

réð ‘’

kem ‘’

komk ‘I arrived’

finna ‘to find’

hlyns ‘’

hlunns ‘of the launcher’

kennings

hlunns ‘of the launcher’

kennings

hlunns ‘of the launcher’

kennings

á ‘’

af ‘off’

hilmis ‘of the ruler’

runnum ‘{the bushes’

kennings

hneck ‘’

hneckr ‘’

hnekkt ‘have been driven’

dýr ‘of the precious’

kennings

dýr ‘of the precious’

kennings

dýrligan ‘’

Sigv Austv 14^I