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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Sturl Hrafn 8^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 734.

Sturla Þórðarson Hrafnsmál

Stóð ‘spread’

(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand

af ‘from’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

stórráðum ‘the imperious’

(not checked:)
stórráðr (adj.): ambitious

kennings

stórráðum stýri brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals ’
= SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KING

stýri ‘controller’

(not checked:)
stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller

kennings

stórráðum stýri brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals ’
= SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KING

brim ‘of surf’

(not checked:)
brim (noun n.): surf < brimdýr (noun n.): surf-animal

[2] brim‑: so all others, gín‑ F

kennings

stórráðum stýri brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals ’
= SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KING

brim ‘of surf’

(not checked:)
brim (noun n.): surf < brimdýr (noun n.): surf-animal

[2] brim‑: so all others, gín‑ F

kennings

stórráðum stýri brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals ’
= SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KING

dýra ‘animals’

(not checked:)
1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal < brimdýr (noun n.): surf-animal

kennings

stórráðum stýri brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals ’
= SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KING

dýra ‘animals’

(not checked:)
1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal < brimdýr (noun n.): surf-animal

kennings

stórráðum stýri brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals ’
= SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KING

ógn ‘Awe’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle

[3] ógn: ógnir 325X, Flat

of ‘throughout’

(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too

úr ‘the sea’

(not checked:)
úr (noun n.): drizzle, spray, sea < úrþveginn (adj./verb p.p.)

[3] úr‑: ofr Flat

þvegnar ‘washed’

(not checked:)
þveginn (adj.): [washed] < úrþveginn (adj./verb p.p.)

jarðir ‘shores’

(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth

[4] jarðir: jarðar Flat

vestr ‘of the western’

(not checked:)
1. vestr (noun n.; °-s/-): [western] < vestrgarðr (noun m.)

notes

[4] vestrgarða ‘of the western settlements’: Hap. leg.

garða ‘settlements’

(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard < vestrgarðr (noun m.)

[4] ‑garða: garði Flat

notes

[4] vestrgarða ‘of the western settlements’: Hap. leg.

Færðu ‘brought’

(not checked:)
2. fœra (verb): bring

[5] Færðu: ‘f[…]rdu’ 325X, meiðir Flat

hjálm ‘their helmet’

(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < hjalmhirðr (adj.)

notes

[5] hjálmhirða ‘helmet-protected’: Hap. leg.

hirða ‘protected’

(not checked:)
hirðr (adj.): [protected] < hjalmhirðr (adj.)

[5] ‑hirða: hirði 325X, hríða Flat

notes

[5] hjálmhirða ‘helmet-protected’: Hap. leg.

hausa ‘heads’

(not checked:)
hauss (noun m.; °hauss, dat. hausi/haus; hausar): skull

frið ‘The outlawed’

(not checked:)
friðr (noun m.): peace < friðlauss (adj.)

[6] frið‑: fé‑ 325X

lausir ‘’

(not checked:)
lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < friðlauss (adj.)

jöfrar ‘princes’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

[7] jöfrar ósvifrum: optast ósviptum Flat

ósvifrum ‘the relentless’

(not checked:)
ósvifr (adj.): [relentless]

[7] jöfrar ósvifrum: optast ósviptum Flat; ósvifrum: ósvifrir 325X

kennings

ósvifrum ótta rándróttar
‘the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. ’
= JUST RULER
the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. → JUST RULER

ótta ‘terror’

(not checked:)
ótti (noun m.; °-a): fear

kennings

ósvifrum ótta rándróttar
‘the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. ’
= JUST RULER
the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. → JUST RULER

rán ‘of the retinue’

(not checked:)
rán (noun n.; °-s; -): plunder, plundering < rándrótt (noun f.)

[8] rán‑: rann‑ 8, Flat

kennings

ósvifrum ótta rándróttar
‘the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. ’
= JUST RULER
the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. → JUST RULER

notes

[8] rándróttar ‘of the retinue of robbery’: Lit. ‘of the robbery-retinue’. Hap. leg.

dróttar ‘ of robbery’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop < rándrótt (noun f.)

[8] ‑dróttar: ‘‑dottar’ 8

kennings

ósvifrum ótta rándróttar
‘the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. ’
= JUST RULER
the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. → JUST RULER

notes

[8] rándróttar ‘of the retinue of robbery’: Lit. ‘of the robbery-retinue’. Hap. leg.

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

As st. 7 above.

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