SnSt Ht 59III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 59’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1168.
Hjálm ‘The helmet’
(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < hjalmlestir (noun m.): [helmet-damager]
kennings
Hjálmlestir‘The helmet-damager ’
= WARRIOR
The helmet-damager → WARRIOR
lestir ‘damager’
(not checked:)
lestir (noun m.): damager, destroyer < hjalmlestir (noun m.): [helmet-damager]
kennings
Hjálmlestir‘The helmet-damager ’
= WARRIOR
The helmet-damager → WARRIOR
notes
[1] skekr ‘shakes’: The R variant skerr ‘cuts’ gives an equally good reading, but appears to be secondary.
kennings
hreggǫld Hristar;‘during the storm-age of Hrist; ’
= BATTLE
during the storm-age of Hrist; → BATTLE
notes
[1-2] hreggǫld Hristar ‘during the storm-age of Hrist <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time.
hregg ‘during the storm’
(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggǫld (noun f.): [during storm-age]
kennings
hreggǫld Hristar;‘during the storm-age of Hrist; ’
= BATTLE
during the storm-age of Hrist; → BATTLE
notes
[1-2] hreggǫld Hristar ‘during the storm-age of Hrist <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time.
ǫld ‘age’
(not checked:)
ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age < hreggǫld (noun f.): [during storm-age]
kennings
hreggǫld Hristar;‘during the storm-age of Hrist; ’
= BATTLE
during the storm-age of Hrist; → BATTLE
notes
[1-2] hreggǫld Hristar ‘during the storm-age of Hrist <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time.
Sigars ‘of Sigarr’
(not checked:)
Sigarr (noun m.): Sigarr
kennings
veggi Sigars‘walls of Sigarr ’
= SHIELDS
walls of Sigarr → SHIELDS
veggi ‘walls’
(not checked:)
1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall
kennings
veggi Sigars‘walls of Sigarr ’
= SHIELDS
walls of Sigarr → SHIELDS
gramr ‘the ruler’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
lætr ‘makes’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
byr ‘the fair breeze’
(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
[3] byr: bǫð W
kennings
byr stranda randa.‘the fair breeze of the shores of shields. ’
= BATTLE
the shores of shields. → SHIELD-RIMS
the fair breeze of SHIELD-RIMS → BATTLE
brjóta ‘break’
(not checked:)
brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy
brands ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
hnigþili brands‘bending boards of the sword ’
= SHIELDS
bending boards of the sword → SHIELDS
kennings
hnigþili brands‘bending boards of the sword ’
= SHIELDS
bending boards of the sword → SHIELDS
þili ‘boards’
(not checked:)
þili (noun n.; °-s; -): [boards] < hnigþili (noun n.)
kennings
hnigþili brands‘bending boards of the sword ’
= SHIELDS
bending boards of the sword → SHIELDS
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
byr stranda randa.‘the fair breeze of the shores of shields. ’
= BATTLE
the shores of shields. → SHIELD-RIMS
the fair breeze of SHIELD-RIMS → BATTLE
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
byr stranda randa.‘the fair breeze of the shores of shields. ’
= BATTLE
the shores of shields. → SHIELD-RIMS
the fair breeze of SHIELD-RIMS → BATTLE
stranda ‘of the shores’
(not checked:)
strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore
[4] stranda: standa W
kennings
byr stranda randa.‘the fair breeze of the shores of shields. ’
= BATTLE
the shores of shields. → SHIELD-RIMS
the fair breeze of SHIELD-RIMS → BATTLE
stranda ‘of the shores’
(not checked:)
strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore
[4] stranda: standa W
kennings
byr stranda randa.‘the fair breeze of the shores of shields. ’
= BATTLE
the shores of shields. → SHIELD-RIMS
the fair breeze of SHIELD-RIMS → BATTLE
Stál ‘of prow’
(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálhrafn (noun m.): [prow-ravens]
kennings
Stefnir stálhrafna‘The impeller of prow-ravens ’
= SEAFARER
prow-ravens → SHIPS
The impeller of SHIPS → SEAFARER
Stál ‘of prow’
(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálhrafn (noun m.): [prow-ravens]
kennings
Stefnir stálhrafna‘The impeller of prow-ravens ’
= SEAFARER
prow-ravens → SHIPS
The impeller of SHIPS → SEAFARER
hrafna ‘ravens’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven < stálhrafn (noun m.): [prow-ravens]
kennings
Stefnir stálhrafna‘The impeller of prow-ravens ’
= SEAFARER
prow-ravens → SHIPS
The impeller of SHIPS → SEAFARER
hrafna ‘ravens’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven < stálhrafn (noun m.): [prow-ravens]
kennings
Stefnir stálhrafna‘The impeller of prow-ravens ’
= SEAFARER
prow-ravens → SHIPS
The impeller of SHIPS → SEAFARER
lætr ‘makes’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
stefnir ‘The impeller’
(not checked:)
stefnir (noun m.): commander
kennings
Stefnir stálhrafna‘The impeller of prow-ravens ’
= SEAFARER
prow-ravens → SHIPS
The impeller of SHIPS → SEAFARER
styr ‘tumult’
(not checked:)
styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle < styrvindr (noun m.): [tumult-wind]
kennings
styrvind‘tumult-wind ’
= BATTLE
tumult-wind → BATTLE
vind ‘wind’
(not checked:)
1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < styrvindr (noun m.): [tumult-wind]
kennings
styrvind‘tumult-wind ’
= BATTLE
tumult-wind → BATTLE
of ‘around’
(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too
sik ‘him’
(not checked:)
sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
þyrja ‘rage’
(not checked:)
þyrja (verb): race, rush, rage
þiggr ‘receives’
(not checked:)
þiggja (verb): receive, get
kennings
glyggvi Gǫndlar.‘the gale of Gǫndul. ’
= BATTLE
the gale of Gǫndul. → BATTLE
kennings
glyggvi Gǫndlar.‘the gale of Gǫndul. ’
= BATTLE
the gale of Gǫndul. → BATTLE
oddviti ‘the leader’
(not checked:)
oddviti (noun m.): leader
bragna ‘of men’
(not checked:)
bragnar (noun m.): men, warriors
sagna ‘of troops’
(not checked:)
sǫgn (noun f.; °sagnar; sagnir): narrative, message; troop, men
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The helmet-damager [WARRIOR] shakes walls of Sigarr <legendary king> [SHIELDS] during the storm-age of Hrist <valkyrie> [BATTLE]; the ruler makes bending boards of the sword [SHIELDS] break in the fair breeze of the shores of shields [SHIELD-RIMS > BATTLE]. The impeller of prow-ravens [SHIPS > SEAFARER] makes tumult-wind [BATTLE] rage around him; the leader of troops of men receives victory at the gale of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE].
This dróttkvætt variant is called kimblaband ‘bundle-bond’, and it is characterised by an additional cadence (a word with a long-stemmed syllable plus a short inflectional ending) with aðalhending added after metrical position 6 in ll. 4 and 8.
The heading in Tˣ is 51. For the name of the metre, see also RvHbreiðm Hl 27-8. Other than in Hl and Ht, the variant is not attested in skaldic poetry, and that is also the case with it meira kimblaband ‘the greater bundle-bond’ (st. 60) and in mestu kimblabǫnd ‘the greatest bundle-bonds’ (st. 61). — [3-4]: Following SnE 1848-87, Möbius (SnE 1879-81, I, 81) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) render the kennings contained in these lines as hnigþili stranda randa ‘the bending boards of the shores of shields [SHIELD-RIMS > SHIELDS]’ and í byr brands ‘in the fair breeze of the sword [BATTLE]’, but Konráð remarks that the first kenning is an odd shield-kenning which may refer to a shield-wall rather than to shields. Skj B, Skald and SnE 2007 construe the following kennings: hnigþili randa ‘bending boards of shield-rims [SHIELDS]’ and í byr stranda brands ‘in the fair breeze of the shores of the sword [SHIELDS > BATTLE]’. According to Faulkes (SnE 2007, 123), hnigþili randa ‘bending boards of shield-rims’ could either be a kenning for ‘shields’ or refer to the boards of which shields are made. However, hnigþili ‘bending boards’ in itself can serve as the base-word in a shield-kenning, and the present reading avoids both an ambiguous kenning and a syntactic break between the last two words of l. 4.
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