Sigv Víkv 10I
Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Víkingarvísur 10’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 548.
Tøgr ‘The ten’
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tigr (noun m.; °-ar/-s(DN II (1309) 80¹², etc.); -ir, acc. -u): a ten of, a decade; a ten of, a decade
[1] Tøgr: tugr R686ˣ, 325VI, 78aˣ, ‘tygr’ J2ˣ
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
fylldr ‘’
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fylla (verb): fill
fullr ‘complete’
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete
[1] fullr: fylldr 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68
enn ‘’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
fǫgru ‘’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
fǫgrum ‘beautiful’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
[1] fǫgrum: fǫgru 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, ‘fǫgr[...]’ 325VII
folk ‘of the battle’
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folk (noun n.): people < folkveggr (noun m.)folk (noun n.): people < folkveggr (noun m.)folk (noun n.): people < folkhregg (noun n.)
[2] folk‑: folks‑ R686ˣ, 61, Bb
kennings
drífahreggi folkveggs‘with a driving storm of the battle-wall ’
= BATTLE
the battle-wall → SHIELD
with a driving storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
folk ‘of the battle’
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folk (noun n.): people < folkveggr (noun m.)folk (noun n.): people < folkveggr (noun m.)folk (noun n.): people < folkhregg (noun n.)
[2] folk‑: folks‑ R686ˣ, 61, Bb
kennings
drífahreggi folkveggs‘with a driving storm of the battle-wall ’
= BATTLE
the battle-wall → SHIELD
with a driving storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
hreggs ‘’
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hregg (noun n.): storm < folkhregg (noun n.)
veggs ‘wall’
[2] ‑veggs: ‑vegs Holm2, J2ˣ, 78aˣ, 61, 325V, Bb, ‑hreggs 325VII, ‑vegg Tóm
kennings
drífahreggi folkveggs‘with a driving storm of the battle-wall ’
= BATTLE
the battle-wall → SHIELD
with a driving storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
veggs ‘wall’
[2] ‑veggs: ‑vegs Holm2, J2ˣ, 78aˣ, 61, 325V, Bb, ‑hreggs 325VII, ‑vegg Tóm
kennings
drífahreggi folkveggs‘with a driving storm of the battle-wall ’
= BATTLE
the battle-wall → SHIELD
with a driving storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
djarfa ‘’
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djarfr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bold
drífar ‘’
drífa ‘with a driving’
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2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush < drífahregg (noun n.)
[2] drífa‑: so papp18ˣ, Holm2, R686ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, 75c, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, drífar Kˣ
kennings
drífahreggi folkveggs‘with a driving storm of the battle-wall ’
= BATTLE
the battle-wall → SHIELD
with a driving storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
hreggi ‘storm’
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hregg (noun n.): storm < drífahregg (noun n.)
kennings
drífahreggi folkveggs‘with a driving storm of the battle-wall ’
= BATTLE
the battle-wall → SHIELD
with a driving storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
helt ‘went’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
sem ‘as’
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sem (conj.): as, which
hilmi ‘’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
mellti ‘’
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1. mæla (verb): speak, say
Hrings ‘Hrings’
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2. Hringr (noun m.; °-s): Hringr < Hringsfjǫrðr (noun m.)
[4] Hrings‑: hring‑ J2ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 325VII
notes
[4, 5] Hringsfirði; Hóli ‘Hringsfjǫrðr; Hóll’: The context in Hkr suggests that this was in what is now France, and most commentators, following Johnsen (1916, 15-16), have linked this episode with an attack on Dol in Brittany by a certain Olaf, king of the Norwegians, referred to in William of Jumièges’ Gesta Normannorum Ducum (Houts 1992-5, II, 24-7), and have assumed that Hóll is simply an erroneous form of that name. If so, then Hringsfjǫrðr is most likely the estuary of the river Rance, west of Dol, which penetrates deep inland in a fjord-like way. The Fsk compiler does not mention Hringsfjǫrðr, nor cite the stanza, but seems to have known it. Instead of á Hóli, Fsk has á Hœli, and it identifies the vikings (l. 6) there as Danes, as in st. 6 (see Context). An alternative suggestion (Morales Romero 2006, 202-4) is that this location is in Spain, which may have some merit in that the following stanzas are most likely about Spain.
firðir ‘’
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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < Hringsfjǫrðr (noun m.)
firði ‘fjǫrðr’
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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < Hringsfjǫrðr (noun m.)fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < Hringsfjǫrðr (noun m.)
[4] ‑firði: ‑firðir 78aˣ
notes
[4, 5] Hringsfirði; Hóli ‘Hringsfjǫrðr; Hóll’: The context in Hkr suggests that this was in what is now France, and most commentators, following Johnsen (1916, 15-16), have linked this episode with an attack on Dol in Brittany by a certain Olaf, king of the Norwegians, referred to in William of Jumièges’ Gesta Normannorum Ducum (Houts 1992-5, II, 24-7), and have assumed that Hóll is simply an erroneous form of that name. If so, then Hringsfjǫrðr is most likely the estuary of the river Rance, west of Dol, which penetrates deep inland in a fjord-like way. The Fsk compiler does not mention Hringsfjǫrðr, nor cite the stanza, but seems to have known it. Instead of á Hóli, Fsk has á Hœli, and it identifies the vikings (l. 6) there as Danes, as in st. 6 (see Context). An alternative suggestion (Morales Romero 2006, 202-4) is that this location is in Spain, which may have some merit in that the following stanzas are most likely about Spain.
lið ‘the troop’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
þingum ‘’
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
lol ‘’
blóð ‘’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
Ból ‘a high’
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ból (noun n.; °-s; -): dwelling
[5] Ból: ‘lol’ R686ˣ, blóð 325V, 325VII, Flat, Tóm
lét ‘had’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
hann ‘He’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
hljóði ‘’
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hljóð (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, silence, a hearing
hlóði ‘’
hæli ‘’
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2. Hól (noun n.): [Hóll]
høli ‘’
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2. Hól (noun n.): [Hóll]
hǫli ‘’
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2. Hól (noun n.): [Hóll]
Hóli ‘Hóll’
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2. Hól (noun n.): [Hóll]
[5] Hóli: so papp18ˣ, R686ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, 75c, Bb, ‘hǫli’ Kˣ, ‘høli’ Holm2, hæli 325V, hlóði 325VII, Flat, hljóði Tóm
notes
[4, 5] Hringsfirði; Hóli ‘Hringsfjǫrðr; Hóll’: The context in Hkr suggests that this was in what is now France, and most commentators, following Johnsen (1916, 15-16), have linked this episode with an attack on Dol in Brittany by a certain Olaf, king of the Norwegians, referred to in William of Jumièges’ Gesta Normannorum Ducum (Houts 1992-5, II, 24-7), and have assumed that Hóll is simply an erroneous form of that name. If so, then Hringsfjǫrðr is most likely the estuary of the river Rance, west of Dol, which penetrates deep inland in a fjord-like way. The Fsk compiler does not mention Hringsfjǫrðr, nor cite the stanza, but seems to have known it. Instead of á Hóli, Fsk has á Hœli, and it identifies the vikings (l. 6) there as Danes, as in st. 6 (see Context). An alternative suggestion (Morales Romero 2006, 202-4) is that this location is in Spain, which may have some merit in that the following stanzas are most likely about Spain.
hôtt ‘building’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
víkingar ‘the vikings’
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víkingr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): viking
notes
[6] víkingar ôttu ‘the vikings owned it’: The abruptness of this clause caused Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B), following Sveinbjörn Egilsson, to attach an enclitic rel. pron. (e)s ‘which’ to the preceding word hôtt, giving ‘which vikings owned’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) assumes a rel. clause in his translation, but does not print the rel. pron. in his text.
ôttu ‘owned it’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
notes
[6] víkingar ôttu ‘the vikings owned it’: The abruptness of this clause caused Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B), following Sveinbjörn Egilsson, to attach an enclitic rel. pron. (e)s ‘which’ to the preceding word hôtt, giving ‘which vikings owned’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) assumes a rel. clause in his translation, but does not print the rel. pron. in his text.
þar ‘’
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þar (adv.): there
þeir ‘they’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[7] þeir: þar 325VI, 78aˣ, 61
buðu ‘’
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bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite
báðir ‘’
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
bôðut ‘did not ask’
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biðja (verb; °biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661, cf. ed. intr. xl)): ask for, order, pray
[7] bôðut: buðu R686ˣ, bôðu J2ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, Flat, Tóm, báðir 325VII, bôðuð Bb
sér ‘for themselves’
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
síðan ‘after that’
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síðan (adv.): later, then
slíkt ‘’
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
kostnaðar ‘’
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kostnaðr (noun m.)
notes
[8] skotnaðar ‘luck’: This is gen. sg. of a word skotnuðr or skotnaðr which occurs only here but must derive from the impersonal verb skotna ‘to get a piece of good luck or gain’ (CVC: skotna).
þrotna ‘’
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þrotna (verb): cut short
brotna ‘destroyed’
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brotna (verb; °-að-): break, burst
[8] brotna: so Holm2, R686ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, 75c, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, þrotna Kˣ, papp18ˣ
notes
[8] brotna ‘destroyed’: An inf. dependent on lét ‘had’. This, the reading of all ÓH mss, is more apt in context than þrotna ‘dwindle, come to an end’ in the K transcripts.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
After the death of Aðalráðr (Æthelred), Óláfr heads suðr um sjá ‘south across the sea’. He fights a battle in Hringsfjǫrðr and captures and destroys a castle at Hóll.
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