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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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RvHbreiðm Hl 81^III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 81’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1092.

Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson Háttalykill

Magnús ‘Magnús’

(not checked:)
2. Magnús (noun m.): Magnús

[1] Magnús *: Magnús í papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

* ‘’

(not checked:)
(non-lexical)

[1] Magnús *: Magnús í papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

malma ‘of weapons’

(not checked:)
malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal

kennings

regni malma;
‘a rain of weapons; ’
= BATTLE
a rain of weapons; → BATTLE

regni ‘a rain’

(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain

kennings

regni malma;
‘a rain of weapons; ’
= BATTLE
a rain of weapons; → BATTLE

morðbráðan ‘battle-quick’

(not checked:)
morðbráðr (adj.)

frák ‘I heard that’

(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of

ráða ‘caused’

(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

hyr ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire < hyrbrjótr (noun m.): fire-breaker

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

hyr ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire < hyrbrjótr (noun m.): fire-breaker

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

brjótr ‘the breaker’

(not checked:)
brjótr (noun m.): breaker < hyrbrjótr (noun m.): fire-breaker

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

hauka ‘of the hawks’’

(not checked:)
1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk

[3] hauka: so R683ˣ, ‘…’ papp25ˣ

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

hauka ‘of the hawks’’

(not checked:)
1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk

[3] hauka: so R683ˣ, ‘…’ papp25ˣ

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

hauka ‘of the hawks’’

(not checked:)
1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk

[3] hauka: so R683ˣ, ‘…’ papp25ˣ

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

strætis ‘street’

(not checked:)
stræti (noun n.; °-s; -): street

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

strætis ‘street’

(not checked:)
stræti (noun n.; °-s; -): street

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

strætis ‘street’

(not checked:)
stræti (noun n.; °-s; -): street

kennings

hauka strætis hyrbrjótr
‘hawks’ street’s fire-breaker’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hawks’ street → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

hjǫr ‘sword’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrskúr (noun f.): [sword-showers]

kennings

hjǫrskúrir.
‘sword-showers. ’
= BATTLES
sword-showers. → BATTLES

skúrir ‘showers’

(not checked:)
1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < hjǫrskúr (noun f.): [sword-showers]

kennings

hjǫrskúrir.
‘sword-showers. ’
= BATTLES
sword-showers. → BATTLES

vann ‘’

(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work

notes

[4] vann gǫrvar ‘made’: Gǫrvar (f. acc. pl.) is taken here as the inflected p. p. of gera ‘do’, but it could also be the adj. gǫrr ‘perfect’ qualifying hjǫrskúrir ‘sword-showers [BATTLES]’.

gǫrvar ‘made’

(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make

notes

[4] vann gǫrvar ‘made’: Gǫrvar (f. acc. pl.) is taken here as the inflected p. p. of gera ‘do’, but it could also be the adj. gǫrr ‘perfect’ qualifying hjǫrskúrir ‘sword-showers [BATTLES]’.

All ‘The thoroughly’

(not checked:)
all- ((prefix)): very < allnýtr (adj.)

kennings

Allnýtr gætir Egða
‘The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

nýtr ‘beneficial’

(not checked:)
nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able < allnýtr (adj.)

[5] ‑nýtr: ‘‑nittur’ R683ˣ

kennings

Allnýtr gætir Egða
‘The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

Egða ‘of the Egðir’

(not checked:)
Egðir (noun m.): the Egðir

kennings

Allnýtr gætir Egða
‘The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

gætir ‘guardian’

(not checked:)
gætir (noun m.): guardian

[5] gætir: ‘… eter’ papp25ˣ, ‘… etter’ R683ˣ

kennings

Allnýtr gætir Egða
‘The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús
The thoroughly beneficial guardian of the Egðir → NORWEGIAN KING = Magnús

notes

[5] gætir ‘guardian’: The mss read ‘… eter’ (papp25ˣ) and ‘… ettir’ (R683ˣ). Skj B suggests stillir ‘lord’ and Skald has sættir ‘reconciler’. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 248) supplied gætir ‘guardian,’ which has been adopted in Hl 1941 and in the present edn.

ósjaldan ‘not seldom’

(not checked:)
ósjaldan (adv.): Not seldom, repeatedly

rauð ‘reddened’

(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden

skjaldar ‘of the shield’

(not checked:)
skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield

kennings

sval*fúr skjaldar
‘the cool fire of the shield ’
= SWORD
the cool fire of the shield → SWORD

sval* ‘the cool’

(not checked:)
svalr (adj.): cool < svalfúrr (noun m.): [cool fire]

[7] sval*fúr: svall fyr papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

kennings

sval*fúr skjaldar
‘the cool fire of the shield ’
= SWORD
the cool fire of the shield → SWORD

notes

[7] sval*fúr ‘the cool fire’: Both mss have svall fyr ‘increased before’. However, skjaldar (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the shield’ needs a base-word, and Kock’s suggestion (NN §2085) svalfúr ‘cool fire’ has been adopted in Hl 1941 and in the present edn. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to snjallr (m. nom. sg.) ‘brave’ and fúr (m. acc. sg.) ‘fire’, and takes snjallr as an adj. qualifying his kenning stillir Egða ‘lord of the Egðir’.

fúr ‘ fire’

(not checked:)
fúrr (noun m.): fire < svalfúrr (noun m.): [cool fire]

[7] sval*fúr: svall fyr papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

kennings

sval*fúr skjaldar
‘the cool fire of the shield ’
= SWORD
the cool fire of the shield → SWORD

notes

[7] sval*fúr ‘the cool fire’: Both mss have svall fyr ‘increased before’. However, skjaldar (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the shield’ needs a base-word, and Kock’s suggestion (NN §2085) svalfúr ‘cool fire’ has been adopted in Hl 1941 and in the present edn. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to snjallr (m. nom. sg.) ‘brave’ and fúr (m. acc. sg.) ‘fire’, and takes snjallr as an adj. qualifying his kenning stillir Egða ‘lord of the Egðir’.

seggja ‘of men’

(not checked:)
seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man

dreyra ‘with the gore’

(not checked:)
dreyri (noun m.; °-a): blood

[7] dreyra: ‘dreij …’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[7] dreyra ‘with the gore’: The emendation follows earlier eds.

sveiti* ‘blood’

(not checked:)
sveiti (noun m.; °-a): blood

[8] sveiti*: sveitir papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[8] sveiti*; hneiti* ‘blood; the sword’: The mss read sveitir and hneitir, which cannot be construed to make any sense syntactically, and the emendations are in keeping with earlier eds. For the possible addition of inorganic final ‑r in these words, see Note to st. 8/4. Alternatively, sveitir could be a corruption of sveita (m. dat. sg.) if dreif ‘splattered’ was used impersonally, cf. dreif sveita ‘there was a blizzard of blood’, st. 41/8 (see Note there). For hneitir ‘sword’, see Note to st. 17/2 above.

dreif ‘splattered’

(not checked:)
2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush

[8] dreif (‘dræif’): so R683ˣ, ‘dręf’ papp25ˣ

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

hneiti* ‘the sword’

(not checked:)
hneitir (noun m.): sword

[8] hneiti*: hneitir papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[8] sveiti*; hneiti* ‘blood; the sword’: The mss read sveitir and hneitir, which cannot be construed to make any sense syntactically, and the emendations are in keeping with earlier eds. For the possible addition of inorganic final ‑r in these words, see Note to st. 8/4. Alternatively, sveitir could be a corruption of sveita (m. dat. sg.) if dreif ‘splattered’ was used impersonally, cf. dreif sveita ‘there was a blizzard of blood’, st. 41/8 (see Note there). For hneitir ‘sword’, see Note to st. 17/2 above.

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

The metre is skjálfhent (‘Skialf hęnt’) ‘tremble-rhymed’ (cf. SnSt Ht 28 tvískelft ‘twice-trembled’ and Ht 35 in forna skjálfhenda ‘the ancient tremble-rhyme’), a variant of dróttkvætt in which the odd lines have alliteration in positions 1 and 3 (Type A-lines) and position two is occupied by a long syllable rather than by a short enclitic derivational or inflectional ending or by a proclitic formword.

In the corpus of skaldic poetry, skjálfhent and tvískelft lines do occur in dróttkvætt stanzas, and such lines are used systematically in Hallv Knútdr and HSt Rst^I. — Magnús is Magnús berfœttr ‘Barelegs’ Óláfsson, king of Norway 1093-1103. He died at the battle of Ulster, Ireland, on 24 August 1103. See Anon Nkt 42-4 and his Biography in SkP II. — [1]: The prep. í ‘in’ has been omitted for metrical reasons (it makes the line hypermetrical and in violation of skjálfhent metre). The emendation follows earlier eds.

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