ESk Øxfl 5III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 145.
Gaf ‘gave’
(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give
sás ‘who’
(not checked:)
sás (conj.): the one who
ofrar ‘displays’
(not checked:)
ofra (verb): raise up, exalt
ógn ‘The battle’
(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnprúðr (adj.)
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
prúðr ‘proud’
(not checked:)
prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < ógnprúðr (adj.)
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Vana ‘of the Vanir’s’
(not checked:)
1. Vanr (noun m.; °; -ir): [Vanr, Vanir]
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
notes
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
Vana ‘of the Vanir’s’
(not checked:)
1. Vanr (noun m.; °; -ir): [Vanr, Vanir]
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
notes
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
brúðar ‘consort’
(not checked:)
brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
notes
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
brúðar ‘consort’
(not checked:)
brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
notes
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
kennings
Ógnprúðr Váfaðar þingþrøngvir,‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’
= WARRIOR
the assembly of Váfuðr, → BATTLE
The battle-proud compeller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
þrótt ‘the mightily’
(not checked:)
þróttr (noun m.): strength, might, valour < þróttǫflugr (adj.)
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
ǫflga ‘strong’
(not checked:)
ǫflugr (adj.): mighty, strong < þróttǫflugr (adj.)
[4] ‑ǫflga: so all others, ‘ꜹfla’ R
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
mér ‘me’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
dóttur ‘daughter’
(not checked:)
dóttir (noun f.; °dóttur, dat. dóttur/dǿtr/dóttir, acc. dóttur/dóttir, nom. dóttir/dóttur; dǿtr, gen. dǿtra (cf. [$1592$])): daughter
[4] dóttur: dóttir U
kennings
þróttǫflga dóttur brúðar Vana.‘the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort. ’
= Hnoss
the Vanir’s consort. → Freyja
the mightily strong daughter of FREYJA → Hnoss
Ríkr ‘The powerful’
(not checked:)
ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
kennings
Ríkr mækis mótvaldr‘meeting-controller of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
The powerful controller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
mey ‘the girl’
(not checked:)
mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
kennings
mey Gefnar,‘the girl of Gefn, ’
= Hnoss
the girl of Gefn, → Hnoss
mækis ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
mækir (noun m.): sword
kennings
Ríkr mækis mótvaldr‘meeting-controller of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
The powerful controller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
mækis ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
mækir (noun m.): sword
kennings
Ríkr mækis mótvaldr‘meeting-controller of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
The powerful controller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
mót ‘of the meeting’
(not checked:)
1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < mótvaldr (noun m.)
kennings
Ríkr mækis mótvaldr‘meeting-controller of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
The powerful controller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
mót ‘of the meeting’
(not checked:)
1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < mótvaldr (noun m.)
kennings
Ríkr mækis mótvaldr‘meeting-controller of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
The powerful controller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
valdr ‘controller’
(not checked:)
valdr (noun m.): ruler < mótvaldr (noun m.)
kennings
Ríkr mækis mótvaldr‘meeting-controller of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
The powerful controller of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
á ‘to’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
Gefnar ‘of Gefn’
(not checked:)
Gefn (noun f.): Gefn
kennings
mey Gefnar,‘the girl of Gefn, ’
= Hnoss
the girl of Gefn, → Hnoss
glóðum ‘with embers’
(not checked:)
glóð (noun f.): ember
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
drifna ‘covered’
(not checked:)
2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
notes
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
notes
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
notes
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
notes
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
notes
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
notes
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
brautar ‘of the road’
(not checked:)
1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
[8] svana brautar: ‘svan[…]ravtar’ U
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
brautar ‘of the road’
(not checked:)
1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
[8] svana brautar: ‘svan[…]ravtar’ U
kennings
glóðum brautar svana Gautreks,‘with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s swans, ’
= GOLD
Gautrekr’s swans, → SHIPS
the road of SHIPS → SEA
with embers of the SEA → GOLD
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Gaf, sás erring ofrar, |
The battle-proud compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR], who displays courage, gave me the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja > = Hnoss (hnoss ‘treasure’)]. The powerful controller of the meeting of the sword [(lit. ‘meeting-controller of the sword’) BATTLE > WARRIOR] led the girl of Gefn <= Freyja> [= Hnoss (hnoss ‘treasure’)], covered with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS > SEA > GOLD], to the poet’s bed.
Gefn and brúðr Vana ‘consort, bride of the Vanir’ are given in Skm as a heiti and a kenning for the goddess Freyja.
In both helmingar there seems to be a double entendre of a sexual nature, in which a warrior gives the poet a treasure, Hnoss, a female supernatural being, leading her to his bed (cf. SnSt Ht 49). — As in sts 3 and 4 above, Einarr plays on the name of Freyja’s daughter, Hnoss, in two ofljóst constructions, dóttur brúðar Vana ‘the daughter of the Vanir’s consort’ (ll. 2, 4) and mey Gefnar ‘the girl of Gefn’ (ll. 5, 7). — The stanza follows st. 4 above, connected by ok enn svá ‘and again thus’ (R, Tˣ, W) or ok enn segir hann ‘and again he says’ (U).
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