ESk Øxfl 6III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 146.
Frák ‘I heard’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
Fróða ‘Fróði’s’
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Fróði (noun m.): Fróði
kennings
meyjar Fróða‘Fróði’s girls ’
= Fenja and Menja
Fróði’s girls → Fenja and Menja
meyjar ‘girls’
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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
kennings
meyjar Fróða‘Fróði’s girls ’
= Fenja and Menja
Fróði’s girls → Fenja and Menja
full ‘very’
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete < fullgóliga (adv.)
góliga ‘splendidly’
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góligr (adj.): splendid < fullgóliga (adv.)
[2] ‑góliga: ‑góligar Tˣ, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
mólu ‘ground’
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mala (verb): grind
lætr ‘lets’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
notes
[3, 4] lætr grið slitna golli ‘lets the truce for the gold be broken’: This means ‘wage war on gold’, i.e. ‘be generous’.
stillir ‘the ruler’
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stillir (noun m.): ruler
notes
[3] stillir ‘the ruler’: The ruler is the person who gave the weapon to Einarr.
grið ‘the truce’
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grið (noun n.): truce
notes
[3, 4] lætr grið slitna golli ‘lets the truce for the gold be broken’: This means ‘wage war on gold’, i.e. ‘be generous’.
golli ‘for the gold’
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gull (noun n.): gold
notes
[3, 4] lætr grið slitna golli ‘lets the truce for the gold be broken’: This means ‘wage war on gold’, i.e. ‘be generous’.
Grafvitnis ‘Grafvitnir’s’
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Grafvitnir (noun m.): Grafvitnir
kennings
beð Grafvitnis;‘Grafvitnir’s bed; ’
= GOLD
Grafvitnir’s bed; → GOLD
notes
[4] Grafvitnis ‘Grafvitnir’s <serpent’s>’: For this serpent, see Note to Þul Orma 2/1.
beð ‘bed’
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beðr (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ir, dat. -jum): bed
kennings
beð Grafvitnis;‘Grafvitnir’s bed; ’
= GOLD
Grafvitnir’s bed; → GOLD
slitna ‘be broken’
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slitna (verb): tear, break
notes
[3, 4] lætr grið slitna golli ‘lets the truce for the gold be broken’: This means ‘wage war on gold’, i.e. ‘be generous’.
Mjúks ‘of the kind’
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mjúkr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): gentle, humble
notes
[5] mjúks (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the kind’: The adj. mjúks ‘kind, gentle, smooth’ could also be construed with bragar (m. gen. sg.) ‘of praise’ (l. 8): stýri mjúks bragar ‘the controller of smooth praise’ (so Skj B).
bera ‘bear’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
øxar ‘axe’
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øx (noun f.; °øxar/exar, dat. øxi/exi, acc. øxi/øx; -ar): axe
kennings
þann meldr Fenju.‘that flour of Fenja. ’
= GOLD
that flour of Fenja. → GOLD
þann ‘that’
kennings
þann meldr Fenju.‘that flour of Fenja. ’
= GOLD
that flour of Fenja. → GOLD
við ‘to’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[6] feldrar við hlyn ‘attached to the shaft’: Lit. ‘attached to the maple’, i.e. a shaft made from maple.
hlyn ‘the shaft’
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hlynr (noun m.; °-s): maple
notes
[6] feldrar við hlyn ‘attached to the shaft’: Lit. ‘attached to the maple’, i.e. a shaft made from maple.
feldrar ‘attached’
[6] feldrar: so Tˣ, 743ˣ, feldrat R, feldra 2368ˣ
notes
[6] feldrar við hlyn ‘attached to the shaft’: Lit. ‘attached to the maple’, i.e. a shaft made from maple.
konungs ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
[7] konungs: hann 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
dýrkar ‘celebrates’
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dýrka (verb; °-að-): glorify, worship
fé ‘The wealth’
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fé (noun n.; °fjár/féar; -): cattle, money
Fenju ‘of Fenja’
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Fenja (noun f.): bristly one, Fenja
kennings
þann meldr Fenju.‘that flour of Fenja. ’
= GOLD
that flour of Fenja. → GOLD
fǫgr ‘the fair’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
hlýr ‘cheeks’
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow
bragar ‘of praise’
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bragr (noun m.; °-ar): poem, poetry
kennings
stýri bragar;‘the controller of praise; ’
= POET
the controller of praise; → POET
stýri ‘the controller’
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stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller
[8] stýri: stýrir 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
kennings
stýri bragar;‘the controller of praise; ’
= POET
the controller of praise; → POET
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Frák, at Fróða meyjar |
I heard that Fróði’s <legendary king’s> girls [= Fenja and Menja] very splendidly ground Grafvitnir’s <serpent’s> bed [GOLD]; the ruler lets the truce for the gold be broken. The wealth of the kind king celebrates the controller of praise [POET]; the fair cheeks of my axe, attached to the shaft, bear that flour of Fenja <giantess> [GOLD].
The stanza is recorded immediately after Grott in Skm, and the imagery and kennings are used to illustrate the story told in that poem. In LaufE, beð Grafvitnis ‘Grafvitnir’s <serpent’s> bed’ is given as one of several examples of kennings for ‘gold’.
For the story of the giantesses Fenja and Menja grinding gold for King Fróði of Denmark see Note to st. 3/5, 6, 7 above. — The poet is identified as Einarr Skúlason in all mss of Skm. In 2368ˣ (LaufE) the stanza is given as two helmingar with a brief insert of prose in between, and the poet is Einarr and same ‘the same’; in 743ˣ (LaufE) the stanza is given as one and the poet’s name is added in the margin (Einarr, with Skúlason in another hand).
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