Anon Líkn 31^VII

Heill ‘Hail’

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3. heill (adj.; °heilan; compar. heilli, superl. -astr/-str): healthy, hale, hail

notes

[1] heill ver kross ‘hail, Cross’: A characteristic beginning of hymns on the Cross: e.g. Salve crux sancta ‘Hail, holy Cross’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 111; cf. 103, 109), Salve crux, arbor / vitae praeclara ‘Hail, Cross, celebrated tree of life’ (AH 54, 192; cf. 194); cf. the late medieval Krossþulur 2/1 Heill serttu krucius | kross enn helge ‘Hail, excruciating holy Cross’ (ÍM I.2, 240).

ver ‘’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[1] heill ver kross ‘hail, Cross’: A characteristic beginning of hymns on the Cross: e.g. Salve crux sancta ‘Hail, holy Cross’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 111; cf. 103, 109), Salve crux, arbor / vitae praeclara ‘Hail, Cross, celebrated tree of life’ (AH 54, 192; cf. 194); cf. the late medieval Krossþulur 2/1 Heill serttu krucius | kross enn helge ‘Hail, excruciating holy Cross’ (ÍM I.2, 240).

kross ‘Cross’

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kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix

notes

[1] heill ver kross ‘hail, Cross’: A characteristic beginning of hymns on the Cross: e.g. Salve crux sancta ‘Hail, holy Cross’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 111; cf. 103, 109), Salve crux, arbor / vitae praeclara ‘Hail, Cross, celebrated tree of life’ (AH 54, 192; cf. 194); cf. the late medieval Krossþulur 2/1 Heill serttu krucius | kross enn helge ‘Hail, excruciating holy Cross’ (ÍM I.2, 240).

er ‘which’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

kallaz ‘is called’

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kalla (verb): call

Krists ‘Christ’s’

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Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ

kennings

notes

[2] Krists mark ‘Christ’s sign [CROSS]’: Cf. Geisl 34/7 Mark stendr Krists í kirkju ‘the sign of Christ stands in the church’. Meissner, 432 lists Krists mark among Cross-kennings; on the term ‘sign’ for the Cross, see Reijners 1965, 118-23, 160-87 (cf. krossmark ‘cross-sign’ 13/6 and fríðarmerki ‘peace-sign’ 32/2).

mark ‘sign’

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mark (noun n.; °-s; *-): sign

kennings

notes

[2] Krists mark ‘Christ’s sign [CROSS]’: Cf. Geisl 34/7 Mark stendr Krists í kirkju ‘the sign of Christ stands in the church’. Meissner, 432 lists Krists mark among Cross-kennings; on the term ‘sign’ for the Cross, see Reijners 1965, 118-23, 160-87 (cf. krossmark ‘cross-sign’ 13/6 and fríðarmerki ‘peace-sign’ 32/2).

himins ‘of heaven’s’

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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

vistar ‘dwelling’

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vist (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): abode, lodging, provisions

lýðs ‘of mankind’s’

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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people

kennings

notes

[3] af dauða lýðs læknis ‘from the death of mankind’s [lit. people’s] healer [= Christ]’: The letter form of <a> in af is unusual, like an alpha; Rydberg 1907, 16 reads of but emends to af (51). Christ is also called læknir ‘healer, physician’ in Geisl 57/8 and Mdr 14/1. This common appellation is based upon Christ’s reference to himself as medicus ‘physician’ in Matt. IX.12 (Mark II.17, Luke V.31). For liturgical occurrences see Manz 1941, 292, no. 588-91 (medicus bonus, m. caelistis, m. salutaris, m. verus); Augustine’s use of the metaphor is discussed by Arbesmann 1954, 1-28. It is, of course, a sacred paradox that the physician heals by means of his own death. (On the Cross as healer, see Note to 40/1.)

af ‘through’

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af (prep.): from

notes

[3] af dauða lýðs læknis ‘from the death of mankind’s [lit. people’s] healer [= Christ]’: The letter form of <a> in af is unusual, like an alpha; Rydberg 1907, 16 reads of but emends to af (51). Christ is also called læknir ‘healer, physician’ in Geisl 57/8 and Mdr 14/1. This common appellation is based upon Christ’s reference to himself as medicus ‘physician’ in Matt. IX.12 (Mark II.17, Luke V.31). For liturgical occurrences see Manz 1941, 292, no. 588-91 (medicus bonus, m. caelistis, m. salutaris, m. verus); Augustine’s use of the metaphor is discussed by Arbesmann 1954, 1-28. It is, of course, a sacred paradox that the physician heals by means of his own death. (On the Cross as healer, see Note to 40/1.)

læknis ‘healer’

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læknir (noun m.; °lǽknis, dat. & acc. lǽkni (dat. lǽknir(JBpC(2003)— 146¹⁰)); lǽknar): doctor

kennings

notes

[3] af dauða lýðs læknis ‘from the death of mankind’s [lit. people’s] healer [= Christ]’: The letter form of <a> in af is unusual, like an alpha; Rydberg 1907, 16 reads of but emends to af (51). Christ is also called læknir ‘healer, physician’ in Geisl 57/8 and Mdr 14/1. This common appellation is based upon Christ’s reference to himself as medicus ‘physician’ in Matt. IX.12 (Mark II.17, Luke V.31). For liturgical occurrences see Manz 1941, 292, no. 588-91 (medicus bonus, m. caelistis, m. salutaris, m. verus); Augustine’s use of the metaphor is discussed by Arbesmann 1954, 1-28. It is, of course, a sacred paradox that the physician heals by means of his own death. (On the Cross as healer, see Note to 40/1.)

dauða ‘the death’

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dauði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death

notes

[3] af dauða lýðs læknis ‘from the death of mankind’s [lit. people’s] healer [= Christ]’: The letter form of <a> in af is unusual, like an alpha; Rydberg 1907, 16 reads of but emends to af (51). Christ is also called læknir ‘healer, physician’ in Geisl 57/8 and Mdr 14/1. This common appellation is based upon Christ’s reference to himself as medicus ‘physician’ in Matt. IX.12 (Mark II.17, Luke V.31). For liturgical occurrences see Manz 1941, 292, no. 588-91 (medicus bonus, m. caelistis, m. salutaris, m. verus); Augustine’s use of the metaphor is discussed by Arbesmann 1954, 1-28. It is, of course, a sacred paradox that the physician heals by means of his own death. (On the Cross as healer, see Note to 40/1.)

lykill ‘the key’

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lykill (noun m.; °dat. lykli/lukli; lyklar/luklar): [key]

notes

[4] lykill ‘key’: Only occurrence in skaldic poetry. The Cross as key is a fairly common image, based primarily upon the ‘key of David’ in Isa. XXII.22 and Rev. III.7. See, e.g., Augustine, Enarrationes in Psalmos XLV (Augustinus Hipponensis, col. 514) crux Domini nostri clavis fuit, qua clausa aperirentur ‘the Cross of our Lord was a key by which closed things were opened’ and Bonaventure ipsa crux ... comparatur et assimilitatur in Sacra Scriptura clavi domus David ‘the Cross itself is compared and in holy scripture likened to the key of the house of David’ (Bonaventure 1882-1902, IX, 222). The image is also found in Cross hymns, often, as here, with specific reference to opening heaven: e.g. Ave, clavis reserans / Portas paradisi / Adam quas exasperans / Clausit ‘Hail, key, unlocking the gates of Paradise, which Adam, making them harsh, closed’ (AH 38, 88, cf. 128; 40, 33; 8, 30); see also Gimsteinn 111/1 Hægur lykill himna ʀikis ‘convenient key of heaven’ (ÍM I.2, 329).

mann ‘for man’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person < mannkyn (noun n.): mankind

kyni ‘kind’

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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin < mannkyn (noun n.): mankind

syknu ‘acquitted’

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2. sykn (adj.): [acquitted]

örr ‘the generous’

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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave

kennings

því ‘for’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

at ‘’

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4. at (conj.): that

upp ‘’

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upp (adv.): up

[5] upp lauk*: ‘[...]pp laukt’ B, upplaukt 399a‑bˣ

notes

[5] lauk upp ‘opened’: All eds emend from ms. ‘laukt’, which the scribe apparently understood to refer to kross ‘Cross’ (l. 1), perhaps construing harri ‘lord’ (l. 5) as vocative, hence 2nd pers. But the subject of the verb has to be harri, with þik ‘you’ (l. 6) referring to the Cross. Restoration of <u> based upon 399a-bˣ.

lauk* ‘opened’

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1. lúka (verb): end, close

[5] upp lauk*: ‘[...]pp laukt’ B, upplaukt 399a‑bˣ

notes

[5] lauk upp ‘opened’: All eds emend from ms. ‘laukt’, which the scribe apparently understood to refer to kross ‘Cross’ (l. 1), perhaps construing harri ‘lord’ (l. 5) as vocative, hence 2nd pers. But the subject of the verb has to be harri, with þik ‘you’ (l. 6) referring to the Cross. Restoration of <u> based upon 399a-bˣ.

harri ‘lord’

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1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord

kennings

él ‘of the storm’

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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élskrín (noun n.)

kennings

él ‘of the storm’

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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élskrín (noun n.)

kennings

skríns ‘shrine’

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skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine < élskrín (noun n.)

kennings

skríns ‘shrine’

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skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine < élskrín (noun n.)

kennings

fyr ‘by means of’

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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

þik ‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

sínum ‘his’

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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

áðr ‘earlier’

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áðr (adv.; °//): before

þá ‘’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

er ‘which’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[7] er: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘e[...]’ B

notes

[8] er var læst ‘which was locked’: Restoration of <r> (er) and var based upon 399a-bˣ and trace of possible <v> in B. Cf. Gimsteinn 110/5-6 Lukuzt vpp dyr þær eʀ læstar voru | med lykli ‘The doors which were locked were opened with a key’ (ÍM I.2, 329).

læst ‘locked’

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læstr (adj.): [locked]

notes

[8] er var læst ‘which was locked’: Restoration of <r> (er) and var based upon 399a-bˣ and trace of possible <v> in B. Cf. Gimsteinn 110/5-6 Lukuzt vpp dyr þær eʀ læstar voru | med lykli ‘The doors which were locked were opened with a key’ (ÍM I.2, 329).

var ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[7] var: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]’ B

notes

[8] er var læst ‘which was locked’: Restoration of <r> (er) and var based upon 399a-bˣ and trace of possible <v> in B. Cf. Gimsteinn 110/5-6 Lukuzt vpp dyr þær eʀ læstar voru | med lykli ‘The doors which were locked were opened with a key’ (ÍM I.2, 329).

lýðum ‘to men’

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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people

lífs ‘life’s’

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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life

kennings

höll ‘hall’

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1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall

kennings

vinum ‘friends’

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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend

öllum ‘for all’

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allr (adj.): all