Sturl Hrafn 10II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 10’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 735-6.
Ferð ‘troop’
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
vann ‘captured’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
frið ‘of the peace’
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friðr (noun m.): peace < friðskerðir (noun m.): peace-diminisher
kennings
friðskerðis‘of the peace-diminisher ’
= WARRIOR
the peace-diminisher → WARRIOR
skerðis ‘diminisher’
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skerðir (noun m.): diminisher < friðskerðir (noun m.): peace-diminisher
kennings
friðskerðis‘of the peace-diminisher ’
= WARRIOR
the peace-diminisher → WARRIOR
fræg ‘The famous’
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frægr (adj.; °-jan/-an; compar. -ri, superl. -jastr/-astr/-str): famous, renowned
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
óvægin ‘unsparing’
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óvæginn (adj./verb p.p.): [unsparing]
notes
[3] Bót ‘Bute’: Island in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, northeast of Kintyre and Arran, and not part of the Hebrides politically.
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
baug ‘ring’
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baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring < baugnjótr (noun m.): ring-user
kennings
guðleiðum baugnjótum.‘the godforsaken ring-users. ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the godforsaken ring-users. → GENEROUS MEN
notes
[3] baugnjótum ‘ring-users [GENEROUS MEN]’: See st. 13/3 below.
njótum ‘users’
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njótr (noun m.): user, enjoyer < baugnjótr (noun m.): ring-user
kennings
guðleiðum baugnjótum.‘the godforsaken ring-users. ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the godforsaken ring-users. → GENEROUS MEN
notes
[3] baugnjótum ‘ring-users [GENEROUS MEN]’: See st. 13/3 below.
breiða ‘broad’
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breiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): broad, wide
guðleiðum ‘the godforsaken’
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guðleiðr (adj.): [godforsaken]
kennings
guðleiðum baugnjótum.‘the godforsaken ring-users. ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the godforsaken ring-users. → GENEROUS MEN
Hreyfðiz ‘gloated’
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hreyfa (verb): gloat
[5] Hreyfðiz: so 8, 325X, ‘hræfþíz’ F, hreyfðu Flat
notes
[5] hreyfðiz ‘gloated’: Lit. ‘puffed itself up’.
hjör ‘the sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrklufiðr (adj./verb p.p.)
kennings
hjörklufðu valtafni‘the sword-cloven slaughter-food ’
= CORPSES
the sword-cloven slaughter-food → CORPSES
notes
[5] hjörklufðu (n. dat. sg.) ‘sword-cloven’: All mss give a form of the adj. in the m. acc. sg., but n. dat. sg. is required by the syntax (the adj. qualifies valtafni (n. dat. sg.) ‘slaughter-food’ (l. 6)). Klufð- (so 325X) is the p. p. of the verb klyfja ‘cleave’ and klyfð- (so 8, Flat) the p. p. of klyfja ‘fasten a pack to an animal’. Kleyfð- (so F) is not an ON word.
klufðu ‘cloven’
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1. klyfja (verb): [cleaves, cloven] < hjǫrklufiðr (adj./verb p.p.)
[5] ‑klufðu: ‘kleyfðan’ F, ‑klyfðan 8, Flat, ‑klufðan 325X
kennings
hjörklufðu valtafni‘the sword-cloven slaughter-food ’
= CORPSES
the sword-cloven slaughter-food → CORPSES
notes
[5] hjörklufðu (n. dat. sg.) ‘sword-cloven’: All mss give a form of the adj. in the m. acc. sg., but n. dat. sg. is required by the syntax (the adj. qualifies valtafni (n. dat. sg.) ‘slaughter-food’ (l. 6)). Klufð- (so 325X) is the p. p. of the verb klyfja ‘cleave’ and klyfð- (so 8, Flat) the p. p. of klyfja ‘fasten a pack to an animal’. Kleyfð- (so F) is not an ON word.
hrafn ‘raven’
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
val ‘slaughter’
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1. valr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ir): corpse, the slain < valtafn (noun n.): [slaughter-food]
[6] valtafni: ‘v[…]tafní’ 325X
kennings
hjörklufðu valtafni‘the sword-cloven slaughter-food ’
= CORPSES
the sword-cloven slaughter-food → CORPSES
tafni ‘food’
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tafn (noun n.; °-s; *-): carrion < valtafn (noun n.): [slaughter-food]
[6] valtafni: ‘v[…]tafní’ 325X
kennings
hjörklufðu valtafni‘the sword-cloven slaughter-food ’
= CORPSES
the sword-cloven slaughter-food → CORPSES
fellu ‘fell’
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falla (verb): fall
fjandr ‘enemies’
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fjándi (noun m.; °-a; fjándr/fjándar/fjándir): enemy, devil
stillis ‘the ruler’s’
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stillir (noun m.): ruler
notes
[8] fleygr (m. nom. sg.) ‘flying’: Lit. ‘capable of flying’ (so 8, 325X). Fleygs (m. gen. sg.) (so F) is ungrammatical (the adj. qualifies hrafn (m. nom. sg.) ‘raven’ (l. 5)).
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
Suðreyjum ‘the Hebrides’
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Suðreyjar (noun f.): [Hebrides]
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Hákon’s men captured a stronghold in Bute, and the island was placed under Hákon’s protection.
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