Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 30’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1039.
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1] vasat: var at papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
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klif (noun n.; °-s; -): cliff < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
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klif (noun n.; °-s; -): cliff < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
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akarn (noun n.): [acorns, acorn]
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
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brak (noun n.): clash, noise
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stillir (noun m.): ruler
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4. vaka (verb): awaken
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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálgǫll (noun f.)
[3] stál*‑: stall papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
[3] stál*- ‘a sword-’: Lit. ‘a steel-’. So all earlier eds. The ms. reading ‘stall’ could be rendered either as stál- ‘sword-’ or as stáls ‘sword’s’, the latter assuming that a long <s> was misread as <l>. It is also possible that ‘stall’ was caused by stalldræpt ‘terror-struck’ in l. 4 (so Holtsmark, Hl 1941, 106).
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gǫll (noun f.): shriek < stálgǫll (noun f.)
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stalldræpr (adj.): [terror-struck]
[4] stalldræpt ‘terror-struck’: This word occurs only here and in Arn Hryn 12/8II. It was possibly coined by Arnórr (see Note to Arn Hryn 12/7, 8II), the C11th poet who eulogised the jarls of Orkney. See also drepa stall ‘tremble with fear’ in Eil Þdr 11/1, 4.
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
[5] réð ‘commanded’: Cf. st. 29/1.
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
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1. sess (noun m.; °-, dat -/-i;n dat. -um): seat, throne < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
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1. sess (noun m.; °-, dat -/-i;n dat. -um): seat, throne < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
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1. hildr (noun f.): battle
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
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í (prep.): in, into
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
[7] brakvind branda ‘the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]’: This kenning is hyperdetermined (see Note to st. 29/7).
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brak (noun n.): clash, noise < brakvindr (noun m.): [crash-wind]
[7] brakvind branda ‘the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]’: This kenning is hyperdetermined (see Note to st. 29/7).
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1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < brakvindr (noun m.): [crash-wind]
[7] brakvind branda ‘the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]’: This kenning is hyperdetermined (see Note to st. 29/7).
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baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring < baugnjótr (noun m.): ring-user
[8] baugnjótr ‘the ring-user [MAN]’: Baug- ‘ring’ can also denote ‘shield’ (pars pro toto), in which case ‘shield-user’ would be a kenning for ‘warrior’.
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njótr (noun m.): user, enjoyer < baugnjótr (noun m.): ring-user
[8] baugnjótr ‘the ring-user [MAN]’: Baug- ‘ring’ can also denote ‘shield’ (pars pro toto), in which case ‘shield-user’ would be a kenning for ‘warrior’.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Jǫfri vasat aldrklifs |
The acorn of the life-cliff [BREAST > HEART] of the brave prince was not terror-struck by the crash of the sword [BATTLE]; the ruler stirred up a sword-roar [BATTLE]. The ring-user [MAN] commanded a sharp stone of the mind-seat [BREAST > HEART] in the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]; that lord was generous with battle.
As st. 29 above. In this stanza, ll. 1, 3 and 5 correspond structurally to Snorri’s náhent or hálfhnept, ll. 2, 6-7 are hálfhnept and l. 8 is náhent or stúfhent. Line 4 is an approximate náhent line, with the first internal rhyme in position 1 rather than in position 2 (i.e. hnugghent ‘deprived-rhymed’, Ht 76).
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