RvHbreiðm Hl 30III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 30’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1039.
Jǫfri ‘prince’
(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
vasat ‘was not’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1] vasat: var at papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
aldr ‘of the life’
(not checked:)
aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
Akarn aldrklifs‘The acorn of the life-cliff ’
= HEART
the life-cliff → BREAST
The acorn of the BREAST → HEART
notes
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
aldr ‘of the life’
(not checked:)
aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
Akarn aldrklifs‘The acorn of the life-cliff ’
= HEART
the life-cliff → BREAST
The acorn of the BREAST → HEART
notes
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
klifs ‘cliff’
(not checked:)
klif (noun n.; °-s; -): cliff < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
Akarn aldrklifs‘The acorn of the life-cliff ’
= HEART
the life-cliff → BREAST
The acorn of the BREAST → HEART
notes
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
klifs ‘cliff’
(not checked:)
klif (noun n.; °-s; -): cliff < aldrklif (noun n.): [life-cliff]
[1] aldrklifs: aldrklif papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
Akarn aldrklifs‘The acorn of the life-cliff ’
= HEART
the life-cliff → BREAST
The acorn of the BREAST → HEART
notes
[1] aldrklifs (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the life-cliff’: Aldrklif (n. nom. or acc. sg./pl.) has been emended (with all previous eds) to the gen. to provide a determinant for the base-word akarn ‘acorn’ (l. 2). Note the rhyme jǫfri : aldrklifs (see st. 29/3).
akarn ‘The acorn’
(not checked:)
akarn (noun n.): [acorns, acorn]
kennings
Akarn aldrklifs‘The acorn of the life-cliff ’
= HEART
the life-cliff → BREAST
The acorn of the BREAST → HEART
við ‘by’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
sverðs ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
kennings
brak sverðs;‘the crash of the sword; ’
= BATTLE
the crash of the sword; → BATTLE
brak ‘the crash’
(not checked:)
brak (noun n.): clash, noise
kennings
brak sverðs;‘the crash of the sword; ’
= BATTLE
the crash of the sword; → BATTLE
stillir ‘the ruler’
(not checked:)
stillir (noun m.): ruler
vakði ‘stirred up’
(not checked:)
4. vaka (verb): awaken
stál* ‘a sword’
(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálgǫll (noun f.)
[3] stál*‑: stall papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
stál*gǫll.‘a sword-roar. ’
= BATTLE
a sword-roar. → BATTLE
notes
[3] stál*- ‘a sword-’: Lit. ‘a steel-’. So all earlier eds. The ms. reading ‘stall’ could be rendered either as stál- ‘sword-’ or as stáls ‘sword’s’, the latter assuming that a long <s> was misread as <l>. It is also possible that ‘stall’ was caused by stalldræpt ‘terror-struck’ in l. 4 (so Holtsmark, Hl 1941, 106).
gǫll ‘roar’
(not checked:)
gǫll (noun f.): shriek < stálgǫll (noun f.)
kennings
stál*gǫll.‘a sword-roar. ’
= BATTLE
a sword-roar. → BATTLE
stalldræpt ‘terror-struck’
(not checked:)
stalldræpr (adj.): [terror-struck]
notes
[4] stalldræpt ‘terror-struck’: This word occurs only here and in Arn Hryn 12/8II. It was possibly coined by Arnórr (see Note to Arn Hryn 12/7, 8II), the C11th poet who eulogised the jarls of Orkney. See also drepa stall ‘tremble with fear’ in Eil Þdr 11/1, 4.
snjǫllum ‘of the brave’
(not checked:)
snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
Hvǫssu ‘a sharp’
(not checked:)
hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
kennings
hvǫssu grjóti hugarsess‘a sharp stone of the mind-seat ’
= HEART
the mind-seat → BREAST
a sharp stone of the BREAST → HEART
réð ‘commanded’
(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
notes
[5] réð ‘commanded’: Cf. st. 29/1.
hugar ‘of the mind’
(not checked:)
hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
kennings
hvǫssu grjóti hugarsess‘a sharp stone of the mind-seat ’
= HEART
the mind-seat → BREAST
a sharp stone of the BREAST → HEART
hugar ‘of the mind’
(not checked:)
hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
kennings
hvǫssu grjóti hugarsess‘a sharp stone of the mind-seat ’
= HEART
the mind-seat → BREAST
a sharp stone of the BREAST → HEART
sess ‘seat’
(not checked:)
1. sess (noun m.; °-, dat -/-i;n dat. -um): seat, throne < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
kennings
hvǫssu grjóti hugarsess‘a sharp stone of the mind-seat ’
= HEART
the mind-seat → BREAST
a sharp stone of the BREAST → HEART
sess ‘seat’
(not checked:)
1. sess (noun m.; °-, dat -/-i;n dat. -um): seat, throne < hugarsess (noun m.): [mind-seat]
kennings
hvǫssu grjóti hugarsess‘a sharp stone of the mind-seat ’
= HEART
the mind-seat → BREAST
a sharp stone of the BREAST → HEART
hildar ‘with battle’
(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle
vas ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
gramr ‘lord’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
mildr ‘generous’
(not checked:)
mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
branda ‘of blades’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
brakvind branda;‘the crash-wind of blades; ’
= BATTLE
the crash-wind of blades; → BATTLE
notes
[7] brakvind branda ‘the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]’: This kenning is hyperdetermined (see Note to st. 29/7).
brak ‘the crash’
(not checked:)
brak (noun n.): clash, noise < brakvindr (noun m.): [crash-wind]
kennings
brakvind branda;‘the crash-wind of blades; ’
= BATTLE
the crash-wind of blades; → BATTLE
notes
[7] brakvind branda ‘the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]’: This kenning is hyperdetermined (see Note to st. 29/7).
vind ‘wind’
(not checked:)
1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < brakvindr (noun m.): [crash-wind]
kennings
brakvind branda;‘the crash-wind of blades; ’
= BATTLE
the crash-wind of blades; → BATTLE
notes
[7] brakvind branda ‘the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]’: This kenning is hyperdetermined (see Note to st. 29/7).
baug ‘The ring’
(not checked:)
baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring < baugnjótr (noun m.): ring-user
kennings
Baugnjótr‘The ring-user ’
= MAN
The ring-user → MAN
notes
[8] baugnjótr ‘the ring-user [MAN]’: Baug- ‘ring’ can also denote ‘shield’ (pars pro toto), in which case ‘shield-user’ would be a kenning for ‘warrior’.
njótr ‘user’
(not checked:)
njótr (noun m.): user, enjoyer < baugnjótr (noun m.): ring-user
kennings
Baugnjótr‘The ring-user ’
= MAN
The ring-user → MAN
notes
[8] baugnjótr ‘the ring-user [MAN]’: Baug- ‘ring’ can also denote ‘shield’ (pars pro toto), in which case ‘shield-user’ would be a kenning for ‘warrior’.
kennings
hvǫssu grjóti hugarsess‘a sharp stone of the mind-seat ’
= HEART
the mind-seat → BREAST
a sharp stone of the BREAST → HEART
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Jǫfri vasat aldrklifs |
The acorn of the life-cliff [BREAST > HEART] of the brave prince was not terror-struck by the crash of the sword [BATTLE]; the ruler stirred up a sword-roar [BATTLE]. The ring-user [MAN] commanded a sharp stone of the mind-seat [BREAST > HEART] in the crash-wind of blades [BATTLE]; that lord was generous with battle.
As st. 29 above. In this stanza, ll. 1, 3 and 5 correspond structurally to Snorri’s náhent or hálfhnept, ll. 2, 6-7 are hálfhnept and l. 8 is náhent or stúfhent. Line 4 is an approximate náhent line, with the first internal rhyme in position 1 rather than in position 2 (i.e. hnugghent ‘deprived-rhymed’, Ht 76).
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.