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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Mark Eirdr 30^II

Jayne Carroll (ed.) 2009, ‘Markús Skeggjason, Eiríksdrápa 30’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 459.

Markús Skeggjason Eiríksdrápa

Hvergi ‘not at all’

(not checked:)
1. hvergi (adv.): nowhere

stóðusk ‘withstood’

(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand

hjǫrva ‘of swords’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

kennings

Hristimeiðar borgar hjǫrva
‘The brandishing-trees of the stronghold of swords ’
= WARRIORS
the stronghold of swords → SHIELD
The brandishing-trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

hjǫrva ‘of swords’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

kennings

Hristimeiðar borgar hjǫrva
‘The brandishing-trees of the stronghold of swords ’
= WARRIORS
the stronghold of swords → SHIELD
The brandishing-trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

borgar ‘of the stronghold’

(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold

kennings

Hristimeiðar borgar hjǫrva
‘The brandishing-trees of the stronghold of swords ’
= WARRIORS
the stronghold of swords → SHIELD
The brandishing-trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

borgar ‘of the stronghold’

(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold

kennings

Hristimeiðar borgar hjǫrva
‘The brandishing-trees of the stronghold of swords ’
= WARRIORS
the stronghold of swords → SHIELD
The brandishing-trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

hristi ‘The brandishing’

(not checked:)
hrista (verb): shake < hristimeiðr (noun m.): [brandishing-trees]

kennings

Hristimeiðar borgar hjǫrva
‘The brandishing-trees of the stronghold of swords ’
= WARRIORS
the stronghold of swords → SHIELD
The brandishing-trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

meiðar ‘trees’

(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < hristimeiðr (noun m.): [brandishing-trees]

kennings

Hristimeiðar borgar hjǫrva
‘The brandishing-trees of the stronghold of swords ’
= WARRIORS
the stronghold of swords → SHIELD
The brandishing-trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

konungs ‘of the king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

reiði ‘the rage’

(not checked:)
2. reiði (noun f.; °-): anger

raunar ‘in truth’

(not checked:)
raun (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): ordeal, proof, experience

[3] raunar: rannar 180b

notes

[3-4] raunar varðat rǫnd reist við hônum ‘in truth a shield was not raised against him’: See Sturl Hákfl 10/5, 6, 8 Øngr Göndlar veðrboði reisti rönd við yngva fyr vestan haf ‘No messenger of Gǫndul’s <valkyrie’s> storm [BATTLE > WARRIOR] raised a shield against the king west of the ocean’. For reisa rǫnd við e-m ‘resist sby’ see Fritzner: rönd 3.

varðat ‘was not’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

[3] varðat: var þat 20b II

notes

[3-4] raunar varðat rǫnd reist við hônum ‘in truth a shield was not raised against him’: See Sturl Hákfl 10/5, 6, 8 Øngr Göndlar veðrboði reisti rönd við yngva fyr vestan haf ‘No messenger of Gǫndul’s <valkyrie’s> storm [BATTLE > WARRIOR] raised a shield against the king west of the ocean’. For reisa rǫnd við e-m ‘resist sby’ see Fritzner: rönd 3.

rǫnd ‘a shield’

(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim

notes

[3-4] raunar varðat rǫnd reist við hônum ‘in truth a shield was not raised against him’: See Sturl Hákfl 10/5, 6, 8 Øngr Göndlar veðrboði reisti rönd við yngva fyr vestan haf ‘No messenger of Gǫndul’s <valkyrie’s> storm [BATTLE > WARRIOR] raised a shield against the king west of the ocean’. For reisa rǫnd við e-m ‘resist sby’ see Fritzner: rönd 3.

við ‘against’

(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against

notes

[3-4] raunar varðat rǫnd reist við hônum ‘in truth a shield was not raised against him’: See Sturl Hákfl 10/5, 6, 8 Øngr Göndlar veðrboði reisti rönd við yngva fyr vestan haf ‘No messenger of Gǫndul’s <valkyrie’s> storm [BATTLE > WARRIOR] raised a shield against the king west of the ocean’. For reisa rǫnd við e-m ‘resist sby’ see Fritzner: rönd 3.

hônum ‘him’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

notes

[3-4] raunar varðat rǫnd reist við hônum ‘in truth a shield was not raised against him’: See Sturl Hákfl 10/5, 6, 8 Øngr Göndlar veðrboði reisti rönd við yngva fyr vestan haf ‘No messenger of Gǫndul’s <valkyrie’s> storm [BATTLE > WARRIOR] raised a shield against the king west of the ocean’. For reisa rǫnd við e-m ‘resist sby’ see Fritzner: rönd 3.

reist ‘raised’

(not checked:)
rísta (verb): carve, raise

notes

[3-4] raunar varðat rǫnd reist við hônum ‘in truth a shield was not raised against him’: See Sturl Hákfl 10/5, 6, 8 Øngr Göndlar veðrboði reisti rönd við yngva fyr vestan haf ‘No messenger of Gǫndul’s <valkyrie’s> storm [BATTLE > WARRIOR] raised a shield against the king west of the ocean’. For reisa rǫnd við e-m ‘resist sby’ see Fritzner: rönd 3.

gerðut ‘did not’

(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make

[4] gerðut: gerðusk 180b

þess ‘this’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

jǫfrar ‘princes’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

freista ‘attempt’

(not checked:)
freista (verb): attempt, tempt

Ógnir ‘Terrors’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle

[5] Ógnir stóðu: ógnin stóð all

notes

[5] ógnir stóðu ‘terrors were inspired’: Ógnin stóð ‘the terror was inspired’ (so all mss) is metrically and contextually possible, but this is too early for the suffixed def. art. (-in) and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds.

stóðu ‘were inspired’

(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand

[5] Ógnir stóðu: ógnin stóð all

notes

[5] ógnir stóðu ‘terrors were inspired’: Ógnin stóð ‘the terror was inspired’ (so all mss) is metrically and contextually possible, but this is too early for the suffixed def. art. (-in) and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds.

af ‘by’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

jarla ‘of jarls’

(not checked:)
jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl

kennings

hegni jarla;
‘the punisher of jarls; ’
= KING
the punisher of jarls; → KING

hegni ‘the punisher’

(not checked:)
hegnir (noun m.): punisher

[5] hegni: meiði 180b, 20b II

kennings

hegni jarla;
‘the punisher of jarls; ’
= KING
the punisher of jarls; → KING

engi ‘not one’

(not checked:)
2. engi (pron.): no, none

þorði ‘dared’

(not checked:)
þora (verb): dare

kapp ‘his strength’

(not checked:)
kapp (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, vigour, courage

at ‘to’

(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

strengja ‘test’

(not checked:)
strengja (verb): [test, made]

flestir ‘most’

(not checked:)
fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most

uggðu ‘feared’

(not checked:)
ugga (verb): to fear, suspect

foldvǫrð ‘land-guardian’

(not checked:)
foldvǫrðr (noun m.): [land-guardian]

[7] foldvǫrð: ‘fallduord’ 873ˣ, ‘folld naiord’ 180b, ‘folld naurð’ 20b II

hraustan ‘the brave’

(not checked:)
hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant

fylkir ‘leader’

(not checked:)
fylkir (noun m.): leader

[8] fylkir: fylkis 873ˣ

snarr ‘keen’

(not checked:)
snarr (adj.): gallant, bold

við ‘against’

(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against

Dana ‘of the Danes’

(not checked:)
Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane

kennings

harra Dana;
‘the lord of the Danes; ’
= Eiríkr
the lord of the Danes; → Eiríkr

harra ‘the lord’

(not checked:)
1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord

[8] harra: ‘h[…]’ 20b II

kennings

harra Dana;
‘the lord of the Danes; ’
= Eiríkr
the lord of the Danes; → Eiríkr

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verse
prose

The st. is cited after a summary of Eiríkr’s royal characteristics. It is the last st. of Eirdr recorded in Knýtl.

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