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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Mark Eirdr 29^II

Jayne Carroll (ed.) 2009, ‘Markús Skeggjason, Eiríksdrápa 29’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 458-9.

Markús Skeggjason Eiríksdrápa

Andar ‘the spirit’

(not checked:)
2. ǫnd (noun f.; °andar, dat. ǫnd/ǫndu; andir): soul, breath

krafði ‘claimed’

(not checked:)
krefja (verb): request

út ‘out’

(not checked:)
út (adv.): out(side)

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

lǫndum ‘lands’

(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land

alls ‘of all’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

kennings

Stýrandi alls
‘The commander of all ’
= God
The commander of all → God

notes

[1] stýrandi alls ‘the commander of all [= God]’: Kennings for ‘God’ of this type are otherwise found only in later religious poetry, the first attestation being fifty years later in ESk Geisl^VII (see LP: allr 2).

stýrandi ‘The commander’

(not checked:)
stýrandi (noun m.; °-a; -endr): ruler, steerer

kennings

Stýrandi alls
‘The commander of all ’
= God
The commander of all → God

notes

[1] stýrandi alls ‘the commander of all [= God]’: Kennings for ‘God’ of this type are otherwise found only in later religious poetry, the first attestation being fifty years later in ESk Geisl^VII (see LP: allr 2).

konung ‘king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

snjallan ‘from the wise’

(not checked:)
snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold

elli ‘old age’

(not checked:)
elli (noun f.; °-): old age

[3] elli beiðat ofvægr stillir: ‘elli beið at of væ[…]’ 20b II

beiðat ‘did not wait for’

(not checked:)
bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience

[3] elli beiðat ofvægr stillir: ‘elli beið at of væ[…]’ 20b II; beiðat: beiðir 180b

ofvægr ‘the powerful’

(not checked:)
ofvægr (adj.): invincible, overwhelming

[3] elli beiðat ofvægr stillir: ‘elli beið at of væ[…]’ 20b II

stillir ‘prince’

(not checked:)
stillir (noun m.): ruler

[3] elli beiðat ofvægr stillir: ‘elli beið at of væ[…]’ 20b II

aldar ‘of men’

(not checked:)
ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age

[4] aldar stríð es fregit víða: aldr stríð er þat fregit víða JÓ, 873ˣ, aldr stríð er fregit er víða 180b

notes

[4] stríð aldar ‘the grief of men’: All mss have aldrstríð ‘life-grief’, and the l. could be construed syntactically, following JÓ and 873ˣ, as þat aldrstríð es fregit víða ‘that life-grief is heard of far and wide’ or þat es aldrstríð, fregit viða ‘that is life-grief, heard of far and wide’. However, metrically such a l. is very unwieldy (a l. of Type E that is otherwise not used by Markús) and the cpd aldrstríð is unattested. The present emendation follows earlier eds.

stríð ‘the grief’

(not checked:)
2. stríð (noun n.; °-s; -): affliction

[4] aldar stríð es fregit víða: aldr stríð er þat fregit víða JÓ, 873ˣ, aldr stríð er fregit er víða 180b

notes

[4] stríð aldar ‘the grief of men’: All mss have aldrstríð ‘life-grief’, and the l. could be construed syntactically, following JÓ and 873ˣ, as þat aldrstríð es fregit víða ‘that life-grief is heard of far and wide’ or þat es aldrstríð, fregit viða ‘that is life-grief, heard of far and wide’. However, metrically such a l. is very unwieldy (a l. of Type E that is otherwise not used by Markús) and the cpd aldrstríð is unattested. The present emendation follows earlier eds.

es ‘is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[4] aldar stríð es fregit víða: aldr stríð er þat fregit víða JÓ, 873ˣ, aldr stríð er fregit er víða 180b

fregit ‘heard of’

(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of

[4] aldar stríð es fregit víða: aldr stríð er þat fregit víða JÓ, 873ˣ, aldr stríð er fregit er víða 180b

víða ‘far and wide’

(not checked:)
1. víða (adv.): widely

[4] aldar stríð es fregit víða: aldr stríð er þat fregit víða JÓ, 873ˣ, aldr stríð er fregit er víða 180b

Síðan ‘Afterwards’

(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then

harma ‘lament’

(not checked:)
harma (verb): [mourns, lament]

siklings ‘of the sovereign’

(not checked:)
siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler

dauða ‘the death’

(not checked:)
dauði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death

snjallir ‘wise’

(not checked:)
snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold

menn ‘men’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person

of ‘over’

(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too

heims ‘world’

(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world

byggð ‘the inhabited’

(not checked:)
byggð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): dwelling, settlement

alla ‘all’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

drúpir ‘bow down in grief’

(not checked:)
drúpa (verb; °-pð-): droop

herr ‘people’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host

[7] herr: heimr 180b

at ‘for’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[7] at dolga: en dolgum 180b

dolga ‘of enemies’

(not checked:)
dolgr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): enemy, battle

[7] at dolga: en dolgum 180b

kennings

dyggvan steypi dolga;
‘the virtuous destroyer of enemies; ’
= JUST RULER
the virtuous destroyer of enemies; → JUST RULER

steypi ‘destroyer’

(not checked:)
steypir (noun m.; °-s): overcomer, destroyer

[7] steypi: ‘stypir’ 180b

kennings

dyggvan steypi dolga;
‘the virtuous destroyer of enemies; ’
= JUST RULER
the virtuous destroyer of enemies; → JUST RULER

dyggvan ‘the virtuous’

(not checked:)
dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy

[8] dyggvan: ‘dyggan’ 180b

kennings

dyggvan steypi dolga;
‘the virtuous destroyer of enemies; ’
= JUST RULER
the virtuous destroyer of enemies; → JUST RULER

þat ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[8] þat tér: þótti 180b

tér ‘’

(not checked:)
tjá (verb): to put in order, prepare

[8] þat tér: þótti 180b

verǫld ‘the world’

(not checked:)
verǫld (noun f.; °-aldar, dat. -/-u; -aldir): world, age

hryggva ‘saddens’

(not checked:)
2. hryggr (adj.; °-van/-jan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri; superl. -astr): sorrowful, sad

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verse
prose

The st. is cited following the account of Eiríkr’s death in Cyprus, on his way from Constantinople to Jerusalem.

Eiríkr died in the city of Paphos (Knýtl: Basta) in Cyprus (10 July 1103), and he was buried there according to Knýtl. See also Saxo (2005, II, 12, 7, 6, pp. 82-3) and Abbot Nikulás’s Leiðarvísir (AÍ I, 20), where Paphos is called ‘Beffa’. In the C12th and C13th, Paphos was an important staging post for pilgrims to the Holy Land. See also Kedar and Westergaard-Nielsen 1978-9, 197-9, 203-4.

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