Anon Lil 40VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 40’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 610-11.
tígna ‘honour’
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tígna (verb): honour
eingla ‘of angels’
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1. engill (noun m.; °engils; englar): angel
rásir ‘Hosts’
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rás (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): running, course, company
notes
[2] upp og niðr ‘up and down’: The angels descended from heaven to earth, and then went up again. Cf. Gen. XXVIII.12 and Stjórn (Unger 1862, 169): Þar medr sá hann i suefininum ganga guds engla upp eptir stiganum ok nidr ‘Therewith he saw in his sleep the angels of God going up by means of a ladder and down [again]’ and Luke II.15: … ut discesserunt ab eis angeli in caelum … ‘... after the angels departed from them into heaven ...’. Cf. 1/6, uppi ok niðri ok þar í miðju. Several mss have uppi og niðri in this l. too (so Skj B and Skald).
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[2] upp og niðr ‘up and down’: The angels descended from heaven to earth, and then went up again. Cf. Gen. XXVIII.12 and Stjórn (Unger 1862, 169): Þar medr sá hann i suefininum ganga guds engla upp eptir stiganum ok nidr ‘Therewith he saw in his sleep the angels of God going up by means of a ladder and down [again]’ and Luke II.15: … ut discesserunt ab eis angeli in caelum … ‘... after the angels departed from them into heaven ...’. Cf. 1/6, uppi ok niðri ok þar í miðju. Several mss have uppi og niðri in this l. too (so Skj B and Skald).
notes
[2] upp og niðr ‘up and down’: The angels descended from heaven to earth, and then went up again. Cf. Gen. XXVIII.12 and Stjórn (Unger 1862, 169): Þar medr sá hann i suefininum ganga guds engla upp eptir stiganum ok nidr ‘Therewith he saw in his sleep the angels of God going up by means of a ladder and down [again]’ and Luke II.15: … ut discesserunt ab eis angeli in caelum … ‘... after the angels departed from them into heaven ...’. Cf. 1/6, uppi ok niðri ok þar í miðju. Several mss have uppi og niðri in this l. too (so Skj B and Skald).
heimi ‘’
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
himni ‘heaven’
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
[2] himni: heimi 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ
notes
[2] þriðja himni ‘from the third heaven’: So Bb, but other mss have heimi þriðja ‘from the third world’, a reading adopted by Skj B and Skald. Perhaps an allusion to 2 Cor. XII.2, where S. Paul tells that he was taken up into the third heaven. See Note on 11/3 and cf. 27/4. The poet envisions a three-tiered cosmology: the sphere of air and nature surrounding the earth, the sphere of ether, the realm of angels, beyond it, and the third sphere, the abode of God.
þriðja ‘the third’
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þriði (num. ordinal): third
notes
[2] þriðja himni ‘from the third heaven’: So Bb, but other mss have heimi þriðja ‘from the third world’, a reading adopted by Skj B and Skald. Perhaps an allusion to 2 Cor. XII.2, where S. Paul tells that he was taken up into the third heaven. See Note on 11/3 and cf. 27/4. The poet envisions a three-tiered cosmology: the sphere of air and nature surrounding the earth, the sphere of ether, the realm of angels, beyond it, and the third sphere, the abode of God.
stjörnu ‘star’
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stjarna (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): star < stjǫrnuljós (noun n.)
notes
[3] stjörnuljós ‘starlight’: Schottmann again (1973, 201) sees a direct verbal parallel in the homily of Maximus of Turin: coelum illi radio stellae laetioris arridet ‘heaven smiles on him with the beam of a star of gladness’ (Maximus Taurinensis, Homilia XXXVII, col. 305; see also the introductory Note to st. 39 and the Note on 39/5).
ljós ‘light’
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ljós (noun n.; °ljóss; -): light < stjǫrnuljós (noun n.)
notes
[3] stjörnuljós ‘starlight’: Schottmann again (1973, 201) sees a direct verbal parallel in the homily of Maximus of Turin: coelum illi radio stellae laetioris arridet ‘heaven smiles on him with the beam of a star of gladness’ (Maximus Taurinensis, Homilia XXXVII, col. 305; see also the introductory Note to st. 39 and the Note on 39/5).
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
fórnir ‘offerings’
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fórn (noun f.): offering, sacrifice
samband ‘union’
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samband (noun n.): [union]
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
hverju ‘every’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
landi ‘land’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
afla ‘cause’
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afla (verb; °-að-): to gain, earn, procure, acquire
[5] afla: aflar 622, afl 713
mier ‘me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
sóttar ‘of woe’
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sótt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): illness < sóttarauki (noun m.)
notes
[5] sóttarauka ‘increase of woe’: Sótt can refer to both physical illness and to worry or spiritual distress. Cf. LP: sótt, and 53/7, 73/6, 82/6, 89/2.
auka ‘an increase’
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auki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): addition, increase < sóttarauki (noun m.)
notes
[5] sóttarauka ‘increase of woe’: Sótt can refer to both physical illness and to worry or spiritual distress. Cf. LP: sótt, and 53/7, 73/6, 82/6, 89/2.
sönn ‘true’
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
stór ‘’
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stórr (adj.): large, great < stórmerki (noun n.): great feat
[6] stórmerkin: stórmerki 713, 705ˣ
merkin ‘signs’
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1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign < stórmerki (noun n.): great feat
[6] stórmerkin: stórmerki 713, 705ˣ
veitt ‘granted’
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
hjá ‘among’
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hjá (prep.): beside, with
mönnum ‘men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
hans ‘his’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
remming ‘strengthening’
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remming (noun f.): [strengthening]
notes
[7] remming ‘strengthening, the act of making strong’: Cognate with remma ‘to strengthen’. The noun is not attested elsewhere in ON. See Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4: remming for its use in MIcel.
ríði ‘will press’
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2. ríða (verb): twist, rub, press (Cf. OE wrīðan)
[8] ríði: og ríði 713
mier ‘me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
að ‘from’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
báðum ‘all [lit. both]’
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
síðum ‘sides’
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1. síð (noun f.; °; -ir): um síðir: in the end
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[1-3]: Cf. Mar 1871, 186, 479 and Note to st. 39. — [3-4]: These ll. could also be taken (so Skj B and Skald) as in apposition with rásir eingla ‘hosts of angels’ (l. 1), so that starlight, offerings and peace worship Jesus along with the angels. This interpretation allows l. 4 to begin a new main cl.
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